Review sheet for Unit 4 Exam – AP Biology 2009 – Mira Mesa High; Dr. Hurley
This review sheet is an aid to assist in your preparation for the upcoming exam by focusing the scope of the information presented in lecture and your text. These review items are meant to be indicative of the possible material one might expect to see on the test. With a set time limit of one class period, however, it is not possible to test your knowledge regarding all of the subject material below. Still, this list will be representative of the concepts from which questions will be derived. This review sheet is subject to change in the form of addition of materials scheduled to be discussed in lecture prior to the exam.
Be familiar with / know:
-what a redox reaction is
-what is meant when we say a molecule has been "reduced" or "oxidized"
-how to identify an oxidizing agent from a reducing agent
-where the various stages of cellular respiration (i.e. glycolysis, pyruvate conversion, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation) occur within the cell
-what occurs during glycolysis (in general): what are the end products and how many steps does it take to get to the final product of glycolysis?
-what substrate level phosphorylation is
-what intermediate molecule is of great importance in linking glycolysis to the citric acid cycle
-what is accomplished during the citrate cycle – what are the end products?
-what protein complexes do NADH and FADH2 pass electrons to in the electron transport chain (E.T.C.)
-be able to trace the flow of electrons (from NADH or FADH2) in the E.T.C. - what is the ultimate electron acceptor?
-know why the use of the malate-aspartate shuttle assists in the generation of 38 total ATP whereas the use of the glycerol-phosphate shuttle assists in the generation of only 36 total ATP
-what the products of the light reactions of photosynthesis are
-know that E.T.C.’s are used in both mitochondria and chloroplasts to pump protons across membranes thereby altering the H+ ion concentration (affects pH values)
-know how ATP synthase relies on oxidative phosphorylation in order to create/synthesize ATP
-what the purpose of the Calvin cycle in photosynth. is
-where the light reactions and the Calvin cycle occur within the chloroplast
-trace the transfer of energy from sunlight to the passing of electrons that occurs between chlorophyll and primary acceptor molecules (in both photosystems II and I)
-concerning the light reactions of photosynth., be able to trace the complete path of electron transfer from water to photosystem II to photosystem I to their final destination (which is what?)
-what chemiosmosis is and how the process works in cell respiration and photosynthesis
-what photorespiration is and how it reduces efficiency of photosynth. in C3 plants.
-how C4 plants circumvent photorespiration
-how CAM plants circumvent photorespiration
-how C4 and CAM plants are similar with regard to these photosynthetic adaptations