Review Renaissance World History/Napp

Review Renaissance World History/Napp

Word Bank:

Italy Spread Humanism

Machiavelli Trade Feared

Greeks Secular Ruins

Renaissance

Word Bank:

Medieval Enjoyed Realistic

Questioned Humanism Secular

Michelangelo Machiavelli Italy

Trade

1. decline of the Greek city-states
2. start of the Renaissance in Italy
3. beginning of the Crusades to the Middle East
4. first religious wars in Europe

1. centrally located near the Mediterranean Sea
2. situated south of the Alps
3. unified by the Hanseatic League
4. close to the routes followed by Arab caravans

1. a wealthy class that invested in the arts
2. a socialist form of government
3. limited contact with the Byzantine Empire
4. a shrinking middle class

• Leonardo DaVinci used movement and perspective in his work.
• Machiavelli’s The Prince advised rulers on how to gain and maintain power.
• Humanist scholars examined worldly subjects and classical culture.

1. French Revolution
2. Renaissance
3. Early Middle Ages
4. Enlightenment

• Literacy rates rise.
• Shakespeare’s sonnets circulated.
• Secular ideas spread.

1. printing press
2. astrolabe
3. paper currency
4. caravel

1. the use of political power
2. the expansion of church authority
3. government regulation of the economy
4. equality and justice for all

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

1. Renaissance
2. decline of the Roman Empire
3. Crusades
4. rise of Christianity

1. rigid social classes
2. emphasis on individualism
3. religious uniformity
4. mass education

1. John Locke
2. Niccolò Machiavelli
3. Adam Smith
4. Ignatius Loyola

1. God selects those to be saved.
2. The pope expresses the ultimate word of God.
3. People have potential and can improve themselves by learning.
4. A person’s life on Earth is merely preparation for the afterlife.

1. an outlook emphasizing classicism, secularism, and individualism
2. a reliance on the Pope and his knights to maintain political stability
3. a shift in production from the domestic system to the factory system
4. a way of thinking stressing humility and Christian faith

Excerpt from Machiavelli’s The Prince:

“Here a question arises: whether it is better to be loved than feared, or the reverse. The answer is, of course, that it would be best to be both loved and feared. But since the two rarely come together, anyone compelled to choose will find greater security in being feared than in being loved…Love endures by a bond which men, being scoundrels, may break whenever it serves their advantage to do so; but fear is supported by the dread of pain, which is ever present.”

- What question does Machiavelli pose?

- According to Machiavelli, what is the best answer to his question?

- If a person must choose, what is best to choose – according to Machiavelli?

- According to Machiavelli, why is love a bond that is easily broken?

- According to Machiavelli, why is fear a stronger bond?

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Gutenberg’s Printing Press:

“Before Johannes Gutenberg invented the printingpress in 1440, books had to be copied by hand. This was a slow, painstaking process that couldtake more than a year for each book, and the peoplecopying them often made mistakes. Very few bookswere published, and they were available only to monksand scholars.

Gutenberg’s invention pulled together several differenttechnologies. He combined block printing, a Chinesetechnique brought to Europe by Marco Polo, withthe press used to make wine and olive oil. His great innovation was movable type – sets of letters made out

of metal. Instead of having to carve a solid block ofwood for every single page, printers could rearrangethe letters and reuse the type to print new pages.

By 1500, printing shops were in every major city inEurope. They had produced more than 8 million copiesof books. Most of the books they put out were Biblesand religious texts, but they also published romancenovels, collections of art by the German printmaker

Albrecht Dürer, and classics by the Roman poet Ovid.” ~ Scholastic Magazine

- How did the printing press change world history? Why did it lead to the production of more books and more readers?

The Renaissance – Why It Changed the World [The Telegraph]

The Renaissance – that cultural, political, scientific and intellectual explosion in Europe between the 14th and 17th centuries – represents perhaps the most profoundly important period in human development since the fall of Ancient Rome.

…The Renaissance changed the world in just about every way one could think of. It had a kind of snowball effect: each new intellectual advance paved the way for further advancements.

Italy in the 14th century was fertile ground for a cultural revolution. The Black Death had wiped out millions of people in Europe – by some estimates killing as many as one in three between 1346 and 1353.

By the simplest laws of economics, it meant that those who survived were left with proportionally greater wealth: either from fewer people inheriting more, or simply by virtue of supply and demand – with fewer workers available, wages naturally rose.

At the top of Italian society was a new breed of rulers, keen to demonstrate their wealth in a way that set them apart. Families such as the Medici of Florence looked to the Ancient Roman and Greek civilizations for inspiration – and so did those artists who relied on their patronage.

Italy was flooded with “lost” classics from the ancient world, and artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Botticelli, Michelangelo, Raphael and Donatello took their tales, heroes and gods as a starting point to creating extraordinary art.

Renaissance art did not limit itself to simply looking pretty, however. Behind it was a new intellectual discipline: perspective was developed, light and shadow were studied, and the human anatomy was pored over – all in pursuit of a new realism and a desire to capture the beauty of the world as it really was.

If the Renaissance was about rediscovering the intellectual ambition of the Classical civilizations, it was also about pushing the boundaries of what we know – and what we could achieve.

Even as the artists were creating a bold new realism, scientists were engaged in a revolution of their own. Copernicus and Galileo had developed an unprecedented understanding of our planet’s place in the cosmos, proving that the Earth revolved around the Sun.

Advances in chemistry led to the rise of gunpowder, while a new model of mathematics stimulated new financial trading systems and made it easier than ever to navigate across the world.”

- How did the Renaissance change world history?