CHAPTER 1: Introduction to Human Anatomy & Physiology
Review and Study Guide: Anatomy and Physiology
Some questions below may have more than one answer:
1. What events are thought to have stimulated ancient peoples’ curiosity about how their bodies work?
2. List the lifestyle changes in the ancient world that altered the spectrum of human illnesses, and identify the illnesses associated with each change.
3. As knowledge about the structure and function of the body increased, it was necessary to develop a new specialized language.
a. True b. False
4. What 2 languages form the basis for the language of anatomy and physiology?
5. The branch of science that studies the structure (morphology) of body parts is
______.
6. The branch of science that studies what body parts do and how they do it is
______.
7. The function of a part is (always/sometimes/never) related to its structure.
#s 5 – 8 Match the structure listed in the first column with the functions listed in the second column.
Structure Function
_____8. atoms, molecules, macromolecules a. groups of cells that have a
common function
_____9. cells b. chemical structures required for
life
_____10. tissues c. allow life to continue despite
changing environments
_____11. organisms and reproduce to continue
the species
_____12. subatomic articles d. simplest living units
e. parts of an atom
13. List the five levels of organization of the body in order of increasing complexity,
beginning with the cell.
14. List those characteristics that are common to all living organisms.
a. f.
b. g.
c. h.
d. i.
e. j.
15. The physical and chemical changes or reactions that occur in the body are
called______.
16. A force necessary to maintain human life is______.
17. The most abundant chemical substance in the human body is______.
18. Food is used as an______source, to build new______
______, and to participate in chemical reactions.
19. Oxygen is used to release______.
20. An increase in temperature (increases/decreases) the rate of chemical reactions.
21. Atmospheric pressure plays a part in______.
22. Homeostasis means:
A. maintenance of a stable internal environment.
B. integrating the functions of the various organ systems.
C. preventing any change in the organism
23. Generally, maintenance of homeostasis is achieved by______feedback.
24. List the components of a homeostatic mechanism.
25. Body temperature is maintained around a set point of 37 degrees Celsius.
A. True B. False
26. The set point for the body’s temperature is controlled by the:
A. skin B. circulatory system C. lungs D. hypothalamus
27. Blood sugar (is/is not) maintained by a negative feedback mechanism.
28. Positive feedback mechanisms usually lead to (health/illness).
29. The portion of the body that contains the head, neck, and truck is called the
______portion.
30. The arms and legs are called the______portion.
31. The inferior boundary of the thoracic cavity is the______.
32. The heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus gland are located in the
______of the thoracic cavity.
33. The pelvic cavity is:
A. the lower one-third of the abdominopelvic cavity.
B. the portion of the abdomen that contains the reproductive organs.
C. the portion of the abdomen surrounded by the bones of the pelvis.
34. The visceral and parietal pleural membranes secrete a serous fluid into a
potential space called the______.
35. The heart is covered by the ______membranes.
36. The peritoneal membranes are located in the______cavity.
37. Match the systems listed in the 1st column with the functions in the 2nd column.
_____1. nervous system a. reproduction
_____2. muscular system b. processing and transporting
_____3. cardiovascular system c. integration and coordination
_____4. respiratory system d. support and movement
_____5. skeletal system
_____6. digestive system
_____7. lymphatic system
_____8. endocrine system
_____9. urinary system
_____10. reproductive system
38. We begin to be aware of our own aging during the______decade.
a. 2nd b.3rd c. 4th d. 5th
39. The recommendation that people over 65 years of age receive influenza and pneumonia vaccines is based on age-related changes in the
a. skin b. lungs c. immune response d. mucosa of the upper respiratory system
40. Certain chemical changes in the aging process are thought to result in
______.
41. Which of the following positions of body parts is/are in anatomic position?
A. palms of hands turned toward sides of body C. arms at side
B. standing erect D. face toward left shoulder
42. Terms of relative position are used to describe:
A. the relationship of siblings within a family.
B. the importance of the various functions of organ systems in maintaining
life.
C. the location of one body part with respect to another.
43. A sagittal section divides the body into:
A. superior and inferior portions.
B. right and left portions.
C. anterior and posterior portions.
44. The terms epigastric, hypochondriac, and iliac are examples of
______.