E1890 v. 5 EMP Brajdica
REPUBLIC OF CROATIA
RIJEKAPORT AUTHORITY
RIJEKA GATEWAY PROJECT II
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
FOR
Extension and Rehabilitation of Brajdica Container Terminal
FINAL DRAFT (April 30, 2008)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
A. Background
B. Environmental Baseline Information
Air quality
Sea quality
Noise
Waste
C. Summary of the likely environmental impacts of the Project
Construction Phase (short-term impacts)
Operation Phase (long-term impacts)
D. Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan
E. Environmental Monitoring and Supervision
F. EMP Implementation Arrangements
F. Public Disclosure
Annex 1 Environmental Mitigation Plan
Annex 2 Environmental Monitoring Plan
Annex 3 Environmental Monitoring sites
Annex 4 The list of the national legislative and sub -legislative acts regulating environmental protection
Environmental and Nature Protection
Air protection
Water Protection
Noise Protection
Waste Management
Annex 5 Maximum allowed concentrations of individual dangerous compounds in waters
TABLES
Table 1 Monitoring results of air quality in the city of Rijeka in 2005
Table 2 Results of sea water monitoring performed in 2005
Table 3 Noise emissions standards
FIGURES
Figure 1
1
A. Background
The port of Rijeka is the largest international seaport in Croatia with 5 million tons of dry cargo handled in 2006. It offers the only port container terminal in Croatia and the basis for the many small and medium enterprises active in transportation service in Rijeka. The Port offers the shortest land transport distance to access either Belgrade (Serbia) or Budapest (Hungary). The city of Rijeka is the third largest Croatia city (about 135,000 inhabitants in 2001) and is located less than 25 kilometers away from the EU border with Slovenia.
The port faces new opportunities and challenges that have been reviewed in a comprehensive update of its 20-year port development master plan finalized by Rotterdam Maritime Group in October 2007. Container throughput potential through Rijeka is expected to reach about 335,000 TEU in 2015 and about 640,000 TEU by 2020. The updated master plan confirms the need for urgent additional investment to take place in the port of Rijeka, based on present traffic and traffic forecast, as well as the financial justification for many of these proposed investments. Major priorities include the expansion of the Brajdica container terminal with about 300 m, the expansion of the Zagreb I container terminal up to 680 m, as well as a number of smaller investments in various terminals and in port management and information system.
The Government of Croatia together with the World Bank initiated the process of preparation of a new project (Rijeka Gateway II) for further modernization of Rijeka port building on the solid cooperation established to date in the port and corridor development sector under the Rijeka Gateway I (RGI), the RGI Additional Financing, the Trade and Transport Integration project, and the Trade and Transport Facilitation project. The overall RGII project objective is to help increase Rijeka’s competitiveness as a city-port, by responding sustainable to renewed demand for container flows through the port of Rijeka, while allowing an urban renewal of selected parts of the port, through public-private partnerships. Specific infrastructure investments considered under the RGII that will facilitate development of the Rijeka Port into a major, financially, regional container port include: (i) construction of Zagreb II container terminal representing an extension with about 400 m of the Zagreb I terminal (to be constructed under the RGI project) that will allow two vessels to berth at a given time; and (ii) construction of Brajdica II container terminal representing the expansion of the existing Brajdica I terminalwith about 300 m, using the same construction technology as the one used for the first part of the Brajdica terminal and envisaged to be completed by mid 2011. The project would also follow up on corridor development aspects, although those would be funded through other government projects.
The current EMP document relates to the infrastructure investments proposed for the extension of the Brajdica terminal. The Brajdica Container terminal will be technically and organizationally integrated to reach an estimated throughput of 300,000 TEUs per year. This would imply the extension of the existing container terminal by about 330 m in length (for a total quay length of about 630 meters) and with a depth up to 14.5 meters along the quay edge as well as the construction of sufficient storage area with appropriate infrastructure. Figure 1 below presents the current and proposed construction at Brajdica container terminal.
Figure 1
The existing Brajdica terminal and the extended one planned under RGII project (highlighted in red)
In accordance with the World Bank’s safeguard policies and procedures, including the OP/BP 4.01 on Environmental Assessment, the Brajdica extension and rehabilitation works proposed under the RGII project are classified as Category “A” for environmental assessment purposes. Environmental due diligence for Category “A” World Bank financed activities requires that the Borrower prepares a detailed EIA that meets both the Croatian EA legislation and the Bank environmental standards. A detailed EIA for the overall extension and rehabilitation of Brajdica Container terminal was prepared according to the Croatian EIA requirements by Rijekaprojekt d.o.o. in 2005. The Ministry of Environmental Protection, Physical Planning and Construction issued a positive decision on the implementation of the mitigation measures and monitoring plan identified in the EIA following several document revisions and an intensive public discussion held in September 2005. Based on this EIA positive conclusionthelocation permit for the proposed terminal construction was issued in April 2006. However, the Croatian legislation on EIA does not request, as part of the detailed EIA study, the preparation of an “Environmental Management Plan” (EMP) as required by the Bank’s standards detailed in the OP4.01 policy. Consequently, the current document prepared additionally by the Port Authority of Rijeka (PRA) represents the EMP as requested by the WB OP 4.01 related to the works proposed for the extension of Brajdica terminal financed under the RGII project.
The purpose of this EMP is to help prevent, minimize or mitigate site-specific environmental impacts. It was prepared to ensure that the 300 m terminal extension and rehabilitation works proposed under RGII protect the environment from risks such as improper waste disposal, noise, pollution of air, sea and other water sources, etc.
The extension of Brajdica terminal will be constructed using the same methodology that has been used during the construction of the initial Brajdica terminal. The proposed structure includes a concrete key wall raised on a stone/gravel mound that will be built directly on the sea bed. The key wall will be made of concrete blocks (up to 10 blocks positioned on top of each other and with length of up to 30 m), which are bindwith cement grout after final placement. A reinforced concrete beam will be constructed on top of the final layer of concrete blocks, for the purpose of strengthening and interconnecting different blocks. The area between the key wall and the existing shore line will be filled with soil and rock material brought from special standardized quarries.
B. Environmental Baseline Information
The numerous population and the heavy industry (refinery) activities in the Rijeka basin generate wastewater that drains into the shallow shore sea of Rijeka including the port area. Water quality characterized bylow transparency (less than 10m), high eutrophycation, the presence of summer sea blossoming (phytoplankton), oils and other substances from industrial pollution, proves considerable environmental degradation of the sea life. This has been confirmed through oceanographic researchand physical parameters analysesperformed regularly in the Rijeka basin since 1976.
Air quality
There are no large stationary sources of emission in the Brajdica terminal area. There are several small boiler rooms used for heating of the offices that use gas or light fuelbut they do not present significant source of pollution. The local monitoring network includes 6 stations for monitoring the ambient air quality in the city ofRijeka. None of the stations are in the Brajdica terminal area. Collected data include concentration results for SO2, PM10, Pb and Cd, in air particles and total sediment matter,NH3, NO2, H2S, O3, and PAH. The frequency of monitoring and the process of air quality assessment are defined in the Regulation on Recommended and Limited Values of Air Quality (Gazette 133/05). According to this regulation cities in Croatia are characterized in 3 categories of air pollution as follows:(i) the first category defines the clean or insignificantly polluted air, where no recommended values are exceeded; (ii) the second category defines the moderately polluted air where concentrations of different pollutants exceed recommended values but not the limited values; and (iii)the third category presents highly polluted ambient air where concentrations of different pollutants are exceeding the limited values. However, the regulation does not set the maximum allowed concentrations.
Table 1 presents the air quality situation in the city of Rijeka based on the monitoring datacollectedat 6 stations (numbered 01 to 06) in 2005. According to these results, high concentrations of SO2, NO2, PAHs and H2S (station 4) as well as smoke (station 2) and particulate matter (station 6) were registered in the center of the city and around the Mlaka refinery.
Table 1 Monitoring results of air quality in the city of Rijeka in 2005
Particles / First category / Second category / Third categorySO2 / 01, 02, 03, 05 / 04,
Smoke / 01, 03, 04, 05, / 02,
Air particles / 03,
Pb in air particles / 03,
Cd in air particles / 03,
PM10 / 06,
Total sediment matter / 03,
Pb in TSM / 03,
Cd in TSM / 03,
NH3 / 03,04,
N02 / 04,
H2S / 04,
O3 / 03,
BaP (PAH) / 04,
Sea quality
Although the sea quality conditions in the Rijekabasin have been researched since 1976, none of the monitoring points is located in the vicinity of Brajdica terminal. The Public Health Institute in Rijeka is in charge of analyzing the quality of bathing water on the beaches[1]in accordance with the Regulation on standards of bathing water on beaches (Official Gazette 33/96). Results collected during 2000 - 2004 show that there is a constant source of microbiological pollution in the sea. The quality of river Rijecina[2] monitored regularly shows stronganthropogenic impact on the water microbiologicalparameters but little effecton the chemical parameters. Research data collectedduring the 1980’s on the wider port area indicated the presence ofdegraded and nitrophylic biological species especially in the tidal zone.
According to information presented in the Physical Plan of Primorsko Goranska County, the sea qualityaround the Brajdica terminal is classified as second category sea. The Regulation on Waters Classification (Official Gazette 77/98) and the Regulation on Dangerous Substances in Waters (Officail Gazette 78/98) define the standards/limited values for the second quality sea (Annex 5). There is no currentlocal regulation to define the highest permitted concentration of dangerous substances in sediments.
Four sea quality monitoring points where used for sample collection around the Brajdica terminal area duringthe EIA preparation in 2005. Results of samplestaken at different depths in 4 different locations (Table 2), i.e. 30 cm bellow the surface and 30 cm above the sea bottomwere compared against standards listed in the Regulation on standards of bathing water on beaches (Official Gazette 33/96).
Table 2 Results of sea water monitoring performed in 2005
P1 / P2 / P3 / P4 / Standard/ limited valuesurface / surface / bottom / surface / bottom / surface
Physical and Chemical Characteristics
Temperature / 12.2 / 12.1 / 12.1 / 12.1 / 12.8 / 8.2
Turbidity / 2.66 / 0.63 / 0.57 / 0.3 / 7.38 / 0.58 / 2
Salinity ‰ / 24.09 / 33.95 / 37.32 / 33.62 / 37.7 / 24.31
Dissolved oxygen mg/L / 9.99 / 9.19 / 9.72 / 9.23 / 9.79 / 10.87
Oxygen saturation% / 108 / 105 / 115 / 106 / 115 / 107 / 70 - 120
pH / 8.07 / 8.14 / 8.15 / 8.16 / 8.15 / 8.19 / 8.1±0.3
NH3 mgN/L / 0.322 / <0.001 / <0.001 / <0.001 / 0.003 / <0.001 / 0.1
PO43- mgP/L / 0.081 / <0.001 / <0.001 / <0.001 / <0.001 / <0.001
Bacteriological Characteristics
Total coliforms/100 ml / >2000 / 52 / 31 / 123 / 500
Feacal coliforms/100 ml / >2000 / 17 / 10 / 72 / 100
Fecal streptococes/100 ml / >2000 / 22 / 13 / 24 / 100
Noise
The noise originating from city traffic and nearby railway is dominating over the noise produced around the Brajdica terminal area.Table 3 provides the noise limits stipulated in the Regulation on Maximum Allowed Noise Levels in Area Where People Work and Live (Official Gazette 145/2004).
Table 3 Noise emissions standards
Zone / Purpose / Maximum allowed noise emissionsemissionsLRAeq in dB(A)
(Lday) / (Lnight)
1 / Rest and therapy areas / 50 / 40
2 / Residential / 55 / 40
3 / Mixed, mainly residential / 55 / 45
4 / Mixed, mainly business / 65 / 50
5 / Business (manufacturing, industry, warehouses) / On the border the noise cannot exceed 80 dB (A)
On the border the noise cannot exceed the limited value of the adjacent zone
During the construction period, between 8 AM and 6 PM, it is allowed to exceed stipulated limits by 5dBA. On an exceptional basis, if technological process requires, it is allowed to exceed stipulated limits by 10 dBA for 2 daysmonthly. According to international practices for docking of ships, a ship in full speed cannot exceed noise that is higher than 75dBA, while during its stay in the terminal the noise cannot exceed 65dBA.
Waste
Based on origin and characteristics, the waste generated around the Brajdica terminal can be hazardous and non hazardous. Hazardous wastes arewaste motor oils, hydraulic and oils originating from transformation substations, oil packaging,and batteries as well as sludge from the oil/water separators.
C. Summary of the likely environmental impacts of the Project
The proposed rehabilitation works will have some short-term adverse impacts on the environment during the construction period and some long-term impacts during the operation due to the extended port activities.
Construction Phase (short-term impacts)
During construction, the management of the material (soil and special rocks) used for land reclamation of the extended terminal will create several environmental impacts on the environment including effects on air pollution, soil and seawater pollution, noise, and temporary degradation of landscape.
This material used to fill in mainly the area between the new constructed key wall and the existing shore line will be chosen in such way to help minimize the air, sea and soil pollution. The filling will be carried out with uncontaminated, inorganic geological material brought from special existing quarriesand/or nearby road construction sites. Any disposal of sludge or other wastetogether with fill material is strictly prohibited. Due to the high number of trucks which will convey the material to the port, it is suggested to agree with the city of Rijeka the routes and time of transport as well as measures for air pollution, like speed limit or watering/covering of the cargo. In coordination with the city of Rijekaand the Croatian Roads, the roads will have to be repaired after completion of works, as per applicable Croatian laws.
The land reclamation affiliated with the extended terminal construction will have inevitable impact on the sea quality. During filling, the turbidity of the sea will increase. Increased amounts of suspended substances in water will significantly reduce light intensity, necessary for algae photosynthesis. To minimize the impacts of the material filling it is suggested to use the inorganic material with maximum 5% silt and to conduct works off the tourist season.
Some increased pollution loads into sea may be caused by direct or indirect contamination of surface waters due to accidental spills or mishandling of hazardous materials. Stockpiling of construction material should be avoided by following proper storage conditions at the construction site while using covers for protection where possible against weathering. Hazardous materials (lubricants, oils) should be kept on impermeable surface, and adsorbents like sand or sawdust should be available for quick handling of small accidental spillages. All materials should be handled in line with instructions included in the Material Safety Data Sheets present at the construction site. Hazardous waste should be handled according to Regulation on Hazardous Waste Management (Official Gazette 32/98).
The noise is also an inevitable environmental impact during construction. The noise could be limited by following good management practices and limiting works during regular daily shifts. The equipment and machinery used should be calibrated according to Safety of Equipment (Official Gazette 135/05) and the Regulation on testing the working environment and dangerous equipment and machinery (OfficialGazette 114/02). The trucks of bearing capacity above 3,5t and performance of above 75 kW should not exceed 118 dBa. The trucks of bearing capacity above 12t and performance of above 125 kW should not exceed 119 dBa. All the vehicles manufactured after 1996 comply with the regulation.
Different waste types (hazardous and recyclable waste streams for which the system exists and is defined in secondary legislation), as described in the Law on Waste (178/04) should be separated and submitted for disposal / treatment to authorized companies. The contractor is responsible for waste management as required by the Law on Waste.
The landscape of the port area has been affected especially because many areas were not properly constructedbased on good planning. The completion of Brajdica container terminal will actually improve the port area aesthetics, by choosing material, shapes and colors that would revitalize the landscape.
In the case of archaeological chance finds during preparation of the site for the construction, the contractor is responsible to stop the works and notify the municipal authorities, the Regional Institute for Protection of Cultural and Historical Heritage and the PRA.
Operation Phase (long-term impacts)
The major long-term impacts on the environment from the activities on the extended Brajdica container terminal during operation will include mainly noise and waste generation.
As the extended terminal is designed for reloading of containers, increased noise levels are envisaged. However, because of the location of the Brajdica terminal in the industrial area of the port, the effects of the noise on the Rijeka population are somehow moderate. The noise will be decreased by using precautionary measures during container handling through proper planning of the cargo and equipment reloading, in order not to exceeded limits set by the Regulation on Maximum Allowed Noise Levels in Area Where People Work and Live (Official Gazette 145/2004).
The equipment and machinery used should be calibrated according to the Ordinance on Safety of Equipment (Official Gazette 135/05) and the Regulation on testing the working environment and dangerous equipment and machinery (OfficialGazette 114/02). The trucks of bearing capacity above 3,5t and performance of above 75 kW should not exceed 118 dBA. The trucks of bearing capacity above 12t and performance of above 125 kW should not exceed 119 dBA. All vehicles manufactured after 1996 comply with this regulation. Cranes and container bridges should emit less than 103DbA, while container transporters (50 -110kW) should not exceed 116 dBA.