UNEP/CBD/RM/WS/2014/4/2
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/ / CBD/ Distr.
GENERAL
UNEP/CBD/RM/WS/2014/4/2
25 September 2014
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON RESOURCE MOBILIZATION FOR EASTERN EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA
Isle of Vilm, Germany, 26-28 May 2014
REPORT OF THE WORKSHOP
I. INTRODUCTION
1. Further to the request expressed by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention, this workshop was one of a series of regional workshops to support Parties in the establishment of robust baselines and reporting framework, and the preparation of national financial plans for biodiversity (see decision XI/4, paragraph 27).
2. The present workshop was organized by the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, the United Nations Development Programme, through its Biodiversity Finance Initiative (BIOFIN), and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), through the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), with financial support provided by the Government of Denmark and the European Union (EU). The workshop was hosted by the Government of Germany, through its International Academy for Nature Conservation.
3. The specific objectives of the workshop were:
(a) To enhance capacity of participants to apply pertinent methodologies, frameworks and tools for identifying, assessing, and reporting existing biodiversity finance, in order to develop robust financial baselines and for developing national finance plans, including financial targets, for effective implementation of revised NBSAPs; and
(b) To enhance the understanding of participants on the importance, for effective mobilization of financial resources, of identifying relevant biodiversity values and incorporating these values in policy planning, including in revised national biodiversity strategy and action plans (NBSAPs); and of existing case studies and good practices on pertinent approaches and measures for such identification and incorporation.
4. The workshop was attended by government-nominated resource mobilization experts from the following countries: Albania, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Republic of Moldova, Tajikistan and Ukraine. A number of United Nations organizations as well as relevant international and national organizations were represented: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Development ProgrammeGlobal Environment Facility, United Nations Environment Programme, WWF Danube-Carpathian Programme and the Stockholm Resilience Centre. The list of participants is provided in annexVI to the present report. The documents prepared for the workshops and the presentations held can be accessed at http://www.cbd.int/doc/?meeting=RMWS-2014-04. The meeting was held in English and Russian.
ITEM 1. OPENING OF THE WORKSHOP
5. The opening ceremony started at 8.30 p.m. on Sunday, 25 May 2014.
6. Mr. Markus Lehmann, from the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (SCBD), made opening remarks and welcomed participants to the workshop on behalf of the Executive Secretary of the Convention. He expressed his appreciation towards the international support that is being provided by UNDP and the BIOFIN programme. He proceeded with an overview of the workshop objectives and agenda of the three-day workshop, explaining that UNDP’s BIOFIN methodology would be presented and specific exercises would help participants discuss how this methodology, as well as the work from UNEPWCMC, could be used for making the case for biodiversity. He also underlined the importance of revising NBSAPs to take into account biodiversity values, including economic values, so that they could be used to convince relevant Ministries to invest in biodiversity. He closed his opening remarks by thanking the Government of Germany for hosting the workshop and the European Union for financing it, as well as UNDP, UNEP and UNEP-WCMC for co-organizing the workshop.
7. Ms. Jamison Ervin, from the BIOFIN initiative of the United National Development Programme (UNDP), emphasized the importance of viewing biodiversity as an investment, rather than a cost, by highlighting biodiversity’s links with issues such as food security, livelihoods and disaster risk reduction. Ms. Ervin also introduced the steps to be covered in the development trajectory: (i) awareness of the current trajectory and the value of nature; (ii) national policies; (iii) practices (business as usual vs. sustainable management); and (iv) outcomes and results. She also stressed that a “virtuous cycle” was what we were supposed to strive towards.
8. Thierry Lucas, representing UNEP and as the biodiversity focal point for Europe, stated that he was very interested in this workshop because there was a need for significant funds in order to achieve the revised NBSAPs. He expressed the desire of his office to support implementation of NBSAPs and leveraging of the financial investment required to fulfill their objectives. He closed his opening remarks by stating that he looked forward to a good exchange of country experiences and to learning more on what the UNEP European Office could do to assist participating countries.
9. Subsequently, participants of the workshop were invited to introduce themselves and present where their country currently stood in terms of the NBSAP revision process:
(a) Ms. Milena Kozomara (UNDP-GEF) stated that Serbia had developed a strategy in 2011 that now needed to be further developed;
(b) Mr. Umutbek Raimov (Kyrgyzstan) said that his government had new biodiversity guidelines and priorities for 2024 which also included a national plan that went to 2020, both of which had recently been adopted;
(c) Ms. Tatiana Novikova (Tajikistan) stated that there was a green section in their national plan to raise resources reflected in the 2013 version. She said that it was a very useful learning experience in that they did the calculations and tried to show biodiversity as an asset. However, many issues, related to synergy and cooperation among agencies, were faced in the process. She finished by saying Tajikistan planned to submit the strategy by this August and the process should be completed by this year;
(d) Ms. Lilia Eladii (Republic of Moldova) said that her country was in the final stages and that by the end of this year she hoped to get the feedback from all the agencies and submit it for approval to the executive committee and the cabinet;
(e) Mr. Andrei Kuzmich (Belarus) said that his country had a biodiversity strategy for the period 2010-2020 and a NBSAP plan which was in effect until 2020 as well;
(f) Mr. Adi Habul (Bosnia and Herzegovina) stated that the country’s fifth national report had been sent to the Secretariat and the final document, containing a section on resource mobilization, would be submitted by September of this year;
(g) Ms. Odeta Çato (Albania) said that the NBSAP would be revised by this September. She also noted that Albania was a changing country so a lot of the information and data in the current NBSAP was outdated but the issues remain the same. Most of the environment budget had been dedicated to protected areas;
(h) Ms. Nona Khelaia (Georgia) said that she looked forward to this workshop because her country recently adopted a revised NBSAP, developed in collaboration with the GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit), which took into consideration objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Her colleague Ms. Natia Kobakhidze (GIZ) said that the Georgian Ministry had asked for assistance in revising the NBSAP and it was in line with the Aichi Biodiversity Targets and the global Strategic Plan. The strategy had an activity plan but it needed to elaborate an annual implementation plan to determine the resources required to implement the strategy;
(i) Ms. Olena Legka (Ukraine) said that her country had a strategy until the year 2020. The current plan had all the major targets for biodiversity for the period up to 2016; the second stage was for 2016-2020. They were currently collecting the materials for the next stage of the implementation plan.
10. Ms. Gisela Stolpe, representing the International Academy for Nature Conservation, welcomed all participants on the Isle of Vilm and presented a brief historical background of the island. She also provided some logistical information and wished the participants fruitful discussions.
ITEM 2. UNDERSTANDING THE BROADER CONTEXT: identifying and integrating biodiversity benefits and values
11. Ms. Maria Schultz, member of the High-level Panel on Global Assessment of Resources for Implementing the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020, presented the main conclusions of the second phase of the work of the panel. She outlined key messages from the first phase of the panel regarding the achievement of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets and described the approach adopted in the second phase of the Panel. Ms. Schultz explained that the emphasis in the second phase was to identify the range of costs of implementing the activities needed to achieve the targets as well as the opportunities to most costeffectively secure such benefits through actions both within and outside the biodiversity sectors. With regard to the emerging key messages of the Panel, she noted the need to improve participation, institutions and governance as a challenge of particular importance.
12. Focusing on the European and Asian regions, Ms. Schultz presented an overview of the regional findings, including the following: (i) there was substantial evidence on the benefits of conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in these two regions; (ii) for most countries, there was likely to be a substantial gap between available and required resources for achieving the Aichi Biodiversity Targets; and (iii) countries needed to invest in stronger enforcement and institutional frameworks as a basis for implementing environmental management. NBSAPs of Eastern European countries could further improve their information basis regarding necessary investments/actions/measures. Among new EU Member States, there was a need to focus on capacitybuilding with regard to the uptake of financing opportunities and awareness raising, whereas in non-EU Eastern European countries, priority needed to be given to fundamental activities, such as basic studies on the state of ecosystems, the designation of protected areas, and addressing legal and compliance issues. In Asia, major challenges in achieving effective environmental policy were the lack of public awareness and political will, as well as insufficient capacity to enforce existing laws and an absence of adequate scientific knowledge and research skills. She concluded by saying that more resources were needed but that the availability of quantifiable data on resource needs and costs was very weak.
13. The following points were made and issues raised in the subsequent discussion:
(a) There were demonstrated direct benefits of job creation and income growth in the nature conservation area, with cases from Hungary and Poland, while addressing harmful incentives could increase the availability of financial resources and decrease pressure on biodiversity. According to the panel, reaching Aichi Targets like 2 and 3 would significantly assist in reaching other Aichi Targets, such as Target 11;
(b) Understanding the linkage between GDP and biodiversity policies was important for politicians who wanted to see tangible economic benefits, such as insurance values (the contribution of biodiversity to resilience). However, it was important to avoid aggregating too much because some values could not be captured in monetary terms. And while some links could be made comparatively easily, as least in qualitative terms, such as the economic contribution of ecotourism, other linkages could be more challenging to demonstrate or quantify.
14. Mr. Abisha Mapendembe (UNEP-WCMC) presented on the NBSAP revision process and the various entry points and approaches that supported inclusion of biodiversity values. He provided the background of the pertinent project undertaken by UNEP-WCMC and the Institute of European Environmental Policy, in collaboration with the CBD Secretariat and funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. After summarizing different biodiversity values (economic, cultural, intrinsic and social) and their importance for achieving mainstreaming, he explained the different entry points for incorporating values along the stages of the NBSAP revision process. A range of supporting approaches could be used, including stakeholder engagement, ecosystem assessment, ecosystem service mapping, ecosystem service indicators, monetary valuation, and accounting. He concluded by pointing to country case studies on common lessons of good practices. The UNEP-WCMC provided guidance on how to a “business case for biodiversity”, a diagnostic tool when you embarked on the mainstreaming of biodiversity at the national level.
15. Ms. Nona Khelaia and Ms. Natia Kobakhidze (Georgia) complemented Mr. Mapendembe’s presentation by providing an overview of the process of reviewing the NBSAP in their country as well as the challenges faced. Coordinated by the Ministry and in consultation with a wide range of stakeholders, including politicians, NGOs and experts from the scientific and academic communities, the strategy was elaborated in a collaborative manner, engaging also all relevant ministries and communicating with them on a regular basis in order to facilitate the process of political agreement.
16. Participants agreed that fostering communication and coordination with the different ministries was critical. For instance, Ms. Tatiana Novikova (Tajikistan) noted that her government had conducted three national workshops with various ministries, stressing the importance of a bottom-up and comprehensive approach, including the need to raise public awareness in particular at the local level.
17. The morning session continued on the subject of ecosystems and biodiversity and included a scenariobuilding exercise. Mr. Markus Lehman presented the TEEB[1] stepwise approach to valuation. He emphasized the importance of (i) identifying which ecosystem services are the most relevant and possible scenarios (business as usual vs. sustainable management alternative); (ii) defining the information needs and selecting appropriate methods, criteria and indicators; (iii) assessing the expected changes on the flow of ecosystem services; and (iv) assessing distributional impacts of policy options. Many valuation tools were costly, time-consuming to apply and require considerable technical expertise. One must apply a costbenefit criterion to the valuation exercise itself.
18. Steps in the TEEB approach consisted of the following: (i) specify and agree on the decisionmaking problem at hand, which may involve the definition of stylized scenarios for different options; (ii) identify the most important ecosystems services in the specific context; (iii) consider using tools such as existing market data, cost-based approaches; and (iv) use indicators for human wellbeing that are meaningful and practicable in the present context.
19. Building on this approach, participants engaged in an interactive scenario-building exercise on the valuation of ecosystems and biodiversity and building a business case for biodiversity, the full results and tables of which are provided the exercise can be found in annex I below. Responding to the exercise, participants stressed the importance of speaking the language of the authorities that made funding decisions with regard to biodiversity, by “translating” tools and ideas into messages that were understandable and “sellable” for politicians. Participants noted that the concept of ecosystem services was perhaps providing the common ground between the Ministry of Environment and the Finance Ministry to convince the latter that investing in biodiversity would result in benefits.