Replication, Transcription and Translation Notes
Something to Think about ……
Did you know that some of your cells are dying right now? You may live to the ripe old age of 100, but most of your cells will have been replaced thousands of times before you blow out the candles on that birthday cake. Every time that cells divide to produce new cells, DNA must first be copied. Before we replicate some DNA, let’s recap …………………………….
Chromosomes, Genes, and DNA
•Chromosomes and genes are made of ______.
•______are ______that code for a trait such as hair color or eye color.
•______are threadlike structures found in the nucleus that contain genetic information (genes).
Chromosomes, Genes, and DNA
DNA Replication
Why does DNA need to replicate?
Do you remember “who/what” goes in the nucleus to copy the DNA?
When in the cell cycle does the DNA get replicated?
How does DNA replicate?
•The process by which DNA is copied during the cell cycle is called ______.
•When DNA is copied, every cell has a ______of DNA.
•DNA simply stores the genetic information. ______and ______do the actual work of ______.
•DNA Polymerase: ______that form bonds between nucleotides (phosphate, deoxyribose, nitrogen base) during replication.
Before DNA replicates, do you remember:
- What are the 4 nitrogen bases of DNA?
- How do these nitrogen bases pair up?
DNA Replication
- The original strand of DNA ______and nucleotides base pairs separate.
- The enzyme ______is responsible for the “unzipping.”
- ______DNA strands forms.
Quick Question
During DNA replication,what is the complementarystrand of the originalDNA strand below?
A T G G C T A
After Replication……Transcription Begins….
•Remember, DNA ______leaves the ______so ______of the DNA.
•The process of RNA making a copy of DNA inside the nucleus is called ______.
•______(messenger RNA) sends the message/copy of DNA to the cytoplasm of the cell. RNA gets the message out
•How does mRNA tell the cell what to do?
- What are the nitrogen bases for RNA?
•How do RNA nitrogen bases pair up?
RNA Transcription
•______unzips again (seperates)
•The enzyme RNA polymerase ______.
•When complete, RNA detaches and DNA zips back together
•Transcription produces mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA
•Once in the cytoplasm, mRNA attaches to a ribosme ______a protein
•Remember ….. Protein synthesis takes place in ______
Transcription Illustration and Questions
Translation
•Translation is the process that translates a ______message into a polypeptide. The translator is ______.
•Polypeptide??????? Polypeptides make up proteins.
•The building blocks of proteins are amino acids.
•During the process of translation, ______sequenced together are referred to as a ______.
•Codons will code for an ______.
•In addition to coding for amino acids, there are ______codons and a ______codon.
•Start and Stop codons ______and ______the translation process.
Brain Teaser: Can you handle it?
Suppose an mRNA molecule in the cytoplasm had 300 nucleotides. How many amino acids would be in the resulting protein?
Translation
How does a cell translate a codon into an amino acid?
•Set of 3 mRNA’s is a codon. tRNA forms an ______which then codes for an amino acid.
Coding for Amino Acids: Let’s try it
•AUA: ______
•GAG: ______
•UUA: ______
•AAC:______
•UGA:______
Another Brain Teaser Think about this Base Pairing……
•Original DNA: T G A C C T
•DNA Replication: ______
•Transcription mRNA: ______
( set of 3 = codon )
•Translation tRNA: ______( anticodon )
•Amino acids: ______
Why all this just for amino acids?
•Amino acids are used in ______of your body to build the proteins you need to survive.
•Amino acids ______tissues, build cells, ______antibodies, carry______…. Just to name a few!
•There are ______amino acids used to make proteins in your body.
•Amino acids form long chains which are called______.
To put it simply
- DNA replicates inside the nucleus
( AT GC )
- RNA goes in to make a copy ….. mRNA
( AU GC )
- RNA goes back into the cytoplasm and attaches to a ribosome
- tRNA forms anticodons that code for amino acids
( AU GC )