Regular/Advanced Physical Science EOC Study Guide

Regular/Advanced Physical Science EOC Study Guide

EOC Test Date: June 3, 2016

There will be a total of 40 questions.

Topics to include:

·  Experimental Design

SC.8.N.1.1 Define a problem from the eighth grade curriculum using appropriate reference materials to support scientific understanding, plan and carry out scientific investigations of various types, such as systematic observations or experiments, identify variables, collect and organize data, interpret data in charts, tables, and graphics, analyze information, make predictions, and defend conclusions. (8 questions-1 low, 6 moderate, 1 high)

o  Evaluate a scientific investigation using evidence of scientific thinking and/or problem solving

o  Identify variables in a given scenario

§  Test variables (independent variable)- the variable that is deliberately changed

§  Outcome variable (dependent variable)- the variable that is measured.

o  Interpret & analyze data (graphs, tables, charts etc.)to make predictions and/or defend conclusions

o  Distinguish between an experiment & other types of scientific investigations where variables cannot be controlled.

·  Scientific theories

SC.6.N.3.1 Recognize and explain that a scientific theory is a well-supported and widely accepted explanation of nature and is not simply a claim posed by an individual. Thus, the use of the term theory in science is very different than how it is used in everyday life. (1 question- 1 low)

o  Definition of theory-

o  Does a scientific theory need to be supported by evidence?

o  Can a scientific theory change? Explain why or why not.

o  How is the use of the term scientific theory different from everyday usage?

o  Give examples of well-known scientific theories. Some examples are given below.

§  Big Bang theory

§  Cell theory

§  Plate Tectonic theory

·  Scientific knowledge

SC.6.N.2.2 Explain that scientific knowledge is durable because it is open to change as new evidence or interpretations are encountered. (1 question-1 low)

o  Give examples of Scientific Knowledge.

o  Can scientific knowledge change? Explain.

·  Atomic Theory

SC.8.P.8.1 Explore the scientific theory of atoms (also known as atomic theory) by using models to explain the motion of particles in solids, liquids, and gases. (5 questions-1 low, 3 moderate, 1 high)

·  Understand the atomic theory using models to explain the motion of molecules of matter

o  Define: solid, liquid, and gas.

o  How do particles move in solids, liquids, and gases?

o  Describe the forces of attractions in solids, liquids, and gases.

o  Describe the arrangement of molecules in solids, liquids, and gases.

o  Describe the kinetic energy of particles in solids, liquids, and gases.

o  Define: melting, freezing, evaporation, condensation, sublimation, and deposition.

o  What is the difference between boiling and evaporation?

o  What happens to energy during melting and evaporation?

o  What happens to energy during freezing and condensation?

o  What happens to temperature during change of state?

·  Energy

SC.6.P.11.1 Explore the Law of Conservation of Energy by differentiating between potential and kinetic energy. Identify situations where kinetic energy is transformed into potential energy and vice versa. (7 questions-1 low, 5 moderate, 1 high)

o  State the Law of Conservation of Energy.

§  Can energy be created?

§  Can energy be destroyed?

o  Differentiate between potential energy and kinetic energy.

o  What are the two factors that determine an object’s kinetic energy?

o  What are the two factors that determine the object’s potential energy?

o  Label / identify potential energy and kinetic energy on a diagram / illustration.

o  Understand and explain how energy is transformed (changed).

o  Give examples of potential and kinetic energy.

·  Motion

SC.6.P.12.1 Measure and graph distance versus time for an object moving at a constant speed. Interpret this relationship. (2 questions-1 low, 1 moderate)

o  Distance – Time Graph

§  Measure and graph the movement of an object which travels at a constant speed

§  Interpret the relationship of distance versus time

§  Draw a distance vs. time graph and show constant speed. Explain it. Add a line with a different color showing speed changing. Explain it. *Make a KEY!

o  Acceleration – Time Graph

§  Measure and graph the movement of an object which travels at a constant speed

§  Interpret the relationship of acceleration versus time.

§  Draw a speed vs. time graph and show constant speed. Explain it. Add a line with a different color showing positive acceleration, and one showing negative acceleration. Explain them. *Make a KEY!

·  Law of Conservation of Mass

SC.8.P.9.1 Explore the Law of Conservation of Mass by demonstrating and concluding that mass is conserved when substances undergo physical and chemical changes. (5 questions-1 low, 3 moderate, 1 high)

o  What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?

o  Explain the law in your own words.

o  Differentiate between physical and chemical change.

o  Describe what happens to missing atoms / missing mass after a chemical change occurs in an open container.

o  Predict how the mass of a substance will change after a physical change occurs.

·  Forces

SC.6.P.13.1 Investigate and describe types of forces including contact forces and forces acting at a distance, such as electrical, magnetic, and gravitational. (5 questions-1 low, 3 moderate, 1 high)

o  Describe / identify types of forces

o  Describe the relationship among distance, mass, and gravitational force between any two objects.

o  Explain the difference between mass and weight.

o  Understand the Law of Universal Gravitation

·  Electromagnetic Spectrum

SC.7.P.10.1 Illustrate that the sun's energy arrives as radiation with a wide range of wavelengths, including infrared, visible, and ultraviolet, and that white light is made up of a spectrum of many different colors. (2 questions-1 low, 1 moderate)

o  Identify, compare & contrast the variety of types of radiation present in radiation from the sun

§  Radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultra-violet, x-ray, gamma

o  Identify common uses / applications of EM waves

o  Order of frequencies & wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum

ü  Label the electromagnetic waves in order of increasing/decreasing frequencies.

ü  Label the electromagnetic waves in order of increasing/decreasing wavelength.

ü  Label the electromagnetic waves in order of increasing/decreasing energy.

·  Heat

SC.7.P.11.4 Observe and describe that heat flows in predictable ways, moving from warmer objects to cooler ones until they reach the same temperature. (4 questions-1 low, 2 moderate, 1 high)

o  Compare how heat energy is transferred through radiation, convection, and conduction.

o  Describe how heat flows

o  Can adding heat to or removing heat from a system result in a temperature change?

o  Can adding heat to or removing heat from a system result in a change of state?

o  What is specific heat?