CeDAS Harvard
Referencing Style Quick Quiz:
Working in pairs, take a look at the following extracts and see if you can spot the errors in the referencing. Each error is worth 1 point. The pair with the highest number of points wins! (TIP – not all of the references below have errors!). Incorrectly identified errors result in a deduction of 1 point.
Reference: / Error: / Points:Pears, R. and G. Shields (2010). Cite them Right: The Essential Referencing Guide. 8thedn. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan / Shields initial should be after surname. No full stop at end / 2
American research in the last twenty years suggests that university education benefits those educated at university as well as society at large but these findings often overlook a range of other factors that are also influential. According to Baum et al (2010) and PascarellaTerenzini (2005), several studies indicate that university graduates earn more, are more self-confident, and lead longer and healthier lives while society gains from greater productivity, less demand for social support, as well as positive attitudes to civic engagement. However, Brennan et al (2013, p72) urge caution because many of these studies fail to take account of a range of other contributing factors such as ‘what is studied, the kind of institution attended, the mode of study, whether living at home or away, school-leaver or mature student, and social background too’. / No full stop between ‘p’ and the page number / 1
Although CPS reports suggest that ‘highest volumes ever’ of domestic violence referrals were charged last year, totalling over 70,000, with both domestic violence related charges and convictions increasing by 20% and 10% respectively (CPS, 2014b, p.8), there are numerous significant counterarguments pointing out inadequacies in the legal framework. Despite attempts to create a definition of domestic violence which encompasses a wide array of actions, the notion of domestic violence as meaning physical beating, and nothing less, remains the ‘dominant view’ (Stark, 2007, p.84), so much so that victims are reluctant to acknowledge their situation absent of physical violence (Stark, 2007, p.111). There remains no specific ‘domestic violence’ offence, with instances instead being artificially categorized as regular offences against the person, and most frequently merely ‘common assault’ (Hester, 2006, p.85) which does not accurately reflect the severity of domestic violence. State liability for failing to prevent domestic violence, though welcome, is set to a very high threshold (Osman v UK), and as such may not be robust enough to have much effect domestically save in exceptional circumstances (Burton, 2010, p.134) and domestic case law interpreting the obligation has only watered down this obligation further (Burton, 2010, p.292). / No errors, but some tricky sections here which may confuse students / 1 if correctly identified
Some scholars suggest that Acer is liable for introducing intrusive, ‘backdoor’ files (Smith, Jones, Applegarth, Whittaker and Wrigley, 2003), but others disagree. / Needs ‘et al’ instead of listing all the authors, and page number needed due to specific use of the word ‘backdoor’, which is quoted. / 2
Crane, A, Matten, D. and Spence, L. J. (ed) (2008) Corporate Social Responsibility: Readings and Case Studies in a Global Context. London: Routledge, pp.23-27 / Missing full stop after A, should be ‘eds’ not ‘ed’ and no need for page numbers as it’s a bibliographic reference. / 3
Rosenkrands, J. (1999), ‘Politicising the Nation State’, in van de Donk, W., Loader, B. B., Nixon, P. G. and Rucht, D. (eds.) Cyberprotest: New Media, Citizens and Social Movements. London: Routledge, pp.49-68. / Title not in italics / 1
Freud, S. (1924) A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis. Netlibrary [Online]. Available at: / Date accessed missing / 1
Caulk, N. (1994) ‘Comparing Teacher and Student Responses to Written Work’, in TESOL Quarterly, 28 (1), pp.181-8. / No need for ‘in’ and page number should be in full (j this case 181-188) / 2
Turner, J. (2012). ‘Academic Literacies: Writing in Practice’, Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 11 (1), pp.17-25, ScienceDirect [Online]. Available at http: (Accessed: 6 July 2012). / None / 1 if correctly identified
Newman, P. (2014) ‘Andy Murray Injured yet Again’, The Mail on Sunday, 6 July 2012 [Online]. Available at http: (Accessed: 6 July 2016). / No need for repetition of date in the middle / 1
Pride and Prejudice (2009) Directed by Simon Smith [DVD]. London: Florence Productions Inc. / None / 1 if correctly identified
Coleman claims that children are a form of 'social capital' (1988, cited in Schoen et al, 1997, p337). This is due to the fact that they provide women with social benefits that they might not otherwise have, and therefore this gain can influence the decision to have children. Firstly, having children can mean the development of social relationships that can be beneficial to women, and ensure higher standings within a social network (Schoen et al, 1997). Moreover, becoming a parent signals adult status has been reached, and this can result in acceptance into certain prestigious social groups, or the chance for social mobility (Hoffman and Hoffman, 1973, cited in Andorka, 1978, p338). / No full stop for page number in first or second reference. Hoffman and Hoffman page number is correct due to this being a paraphrase rather than a summary, but this might trick some students. / 2
Total points: 18