References for Volume II of Tobias and Johnston: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, ed. 1

SECTION V: Skin and Reconstruction

Chapter 75: Primary Wound Closure

REFERENCES

  1. Akgun K, Korpinar MA, Kalkan MT, et al: Temperature changes in superficial and deep tissue layers with respect to time of cold gel pack application in dogs. Yonsei Med J 45(4):711–718, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
  2. Berger N, Eeg PH: Veterinary laser surgery: a practical guide, ed 1, Ames, IA, 2006, Blackwell Publishing.
  3. Blomme EA, Chinn KS, Hardy MN, et al: Selective cyclooxygenase inhibition does not affect the healing of cutaneous full-thickness incisional wounds in SKH-1 mice. Br J Dermatol 148:211–223, 2003.
  4. Bohling MW, Henderson RA, Swaim SF, et al: Comparison of the role of the subcutaneous tissues in cutaneous wound healing in the dog and cat. Vet Surg 35:3–14, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
  5. Bohling MW, Henderson RA, Swaim SF, et al: Cutaneous wound healing in the cat: a macroscopic description and comparison with cutaneous wound healing in the dog. Vet Surg 33:579–587, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
  6. Cahill RA, Sheehan KM, Scanlon RW, et al: Effects of a selective cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibitor on colonic anastomotic and skin wound integrity. Br J Surg 91:1613–1618, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
  7. Cengiz Y, Blomquist P, Israelsson LA: Small tissue bites and wound strength. Arch Surg 136:272–275, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
  8. Chu C, vonFraunhofer JA, Greisler HP: Wound closure biomaterials and devices, ed 1, Boca Raton, FL, 1997, CRC Press.
  9. Doughty DB, Sparks-Defriese B: Wound-healing physiology. In Bryant RA, Nix DP, editors: Acute & chronic wounds, ed 3, St Louis, 2007, Mosby, p 56.
  10. Eidelman A, Weiss JM, Enu IK, et al: Comparative efficacy and costs of various topical anesthetics for repair of dermal lacerations: a systematic review of randomized, controlled trials. J Clin Anesth 17:106–116, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
  11. Fahie MA, Shettko D: Evidence-based wound management: a systematic review of therapeutic agents to enhance granulation and epithelialization. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 37:559–577, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
  12. Freeman LJ, Pettit GD, Robinette JD, et al: Tissue reaction to suture material in the feline linea alba: retrospective, prospective, and histologic study. Vet Surg 16:440, 1987. PUBMED Abstract
  13. Gellman CL, Barroso EG, Britton CT, et al: The effect of lasers, electrocautery and sharp dissection on cutaneous flaps. Plast Reconst Surg 94:829, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
  14. Hamamoto T, Yabuki A, Yamate O, et al: Immunohistochemical analysis of cyclooxygenase-2 induction during wound healing in dog skin. Res Vet Sci 87(3):349–354, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
  15. Hohenleutner U, Egner N, Hohenleutner S, et al: Intradermal buried vertical mattress suture as sole skin closure: evaluation of 149 cases. Acta Derm Venereol 80:344–347, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
  16. Hosgood G: Stages of wound healing and their clinical relevance. Vet Clin North Am Sm Anim Pract 36:667–685, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
  17. Irwin DHG: Tension lines in the skin of the dog. J Small Anim Pract 7:593, 1966. PUBMED Abstract
  18. Johnson RG, Cohn WE, Thurer RL, et al: Cutaneous closure after cardiac operations. A controlled, randomized, prospective comparison of intradermal versus staple closures. Ann Surg 226(5):606–612, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
  19. Kettle C, Hills RK, Ismail KMK: Continuous versus interrupted sutures for repair of episiotomy or second degree tears [review]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;(4): CD000947. PUBMED Abstract
  20. Kirpensteijn J, Maarschalkerweerd RJ, Koeman JP, et al: Comparison of two suture materials for intradermal skin closure in dogs. Vet Q 19:20–22, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
  21. Knecht CD, Clark RL, Fletcher OJ: Healing of sharp incisions and electroincisions in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 159:1447–1452, 1971. PUBMED Abstract
  22. Ko J, Weil A, Maxwell L, et al: Plasma concentrations of lidocaine in dogs following lidocaine patch application. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 43:280–283, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
  23. Kummeling A, van Sluijs FJ: Closure of the rectus sheath with a continuous looped suture and the skin with staples in dogs: speed, safety, and costs compared to closure of the rectus sheath with interrupted sutures and the skin with a continuous subdermal suture. Vet Q 20:126–130, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
  24. Lee KS, Kim NG, Jang PY, et al: Statistical analysis of surgical dog-ear regression. Dermatol Surg 34:8, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
  25. Mauldin GE, Davidson JR: Nutritional support of hospitalized cats and dogs. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, p 87.
  26. Mbugua SW, Skoglund LA, Lokken P: Effects of phenylbutazone and indomethacin on the post-operative course following experimental orthopaedic surgery in dogs. Acta Vet Scan 30:27, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
  27. Orgill D, Demling RH: Current concepts and approaches to wound healing. Crit Care Med 16:899–908, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
  28. Pavletic MM: Atlas of small animal reconstructive surgery, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1999, Saunders.
  29. Pavletic MM: The integument. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, p 250.
  30. Pearl ML, Rayburn WF: Choosing abdominal incision and closure techniques: a review. J Reprod Med 49:662–670, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
  31. Richey ML, Roe SC: Assessment of knot security in continuous intradermal wound closures. J Surg Res 123:284–288, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
  32. Rosin E, Robinson GM: Knot security of suture materials. Vet Surg 18:269–273, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
  33. Savvas I, Papazoglou LG, Kazakos G, et al: Incisional block with bupivacaine for analgesia after celiotomy in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 44:60–66; 2008. PUBMED Abstract
  34. Scardino MS, Swaim SF, Morse BS, et al: Evaluation of fibrin sealants in cutaneous wound closure. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 48:315–321, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
  35. Silverman EB, Read RW, Boyle CR, et al: Histologic comparison of canine skin biopsies collected using monopolar electrosurgery, CO2 laser, radiowave radiosurgery, skin biopsy punch, and scalpel. Vet Surg 36:50–56, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
  36. Smeak DD: Avoiding skin tension without flaps. North American Veterinary Conference, 2006. Available at: asp?LA=1.
  37. Smeak DD: Buried continuous intradermal suture closure. Comp Contin Ed Pract Vet 14:907–919, 1992.
  38. Smoot E, Clyde MD: Method for securing a subcuticular suture with minimal buried knot. Plast Reconst Surg 102:2447–2449, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
  39. Stanley BJ: Impaired wound healing challenges. North American Veterinary Conference, 2007. Available at: 512.asp?LA=1.
  40. Stewart JB: Tissue sparing repair. A new approach to shorten excisional lines. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 18:822–826, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
  41. Swaim SF, Henderson RA: Small animal wound management, ed 2, Baltimore, 1997, Williams & Wilkins.
  42. Sylvestre A, Wilson J, Hare J: A comparison of 2 different suture patterns for skin closure of canine ovariohysterectomy. Can Vet J 43:699–702, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
  43. Taylor GI, Minabe T: The angiosomes of the mammals and other vertebrates. Plast Reconstr Surg 89:181, 1192.
  44. Temple WJ, Voitk AJ, Snelling CF, et al: Effect of nutrition, diet and suture material on long-term wound healing. Ann Surg 182:93–97, 1975. PUBMED Abstract
  45. Toombs JP, Clarke KM: Basic operative techniques. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, p 199.
  46. Trott AT: Wounds and lacerations: emergency care and closure, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2005, Elsevier Mosby.
  47. Trout NJ: Principles of plastic and reconstructive surgery. In Slatter D, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, p 274.
  48. VanWinkle W, Hastings JC: Considerations in the choice of suture material for various tissues. Surg Gynecol Obstet 135:113–126, 1972.
  49. Vasconcellos CH, Matera JM, Dagli ML: Clinical evaluation of random skin flaps based on the subdermal plexus secured with sutures or sutures and cyanoacrylate adhesive for reconstructive surgery in dogs. Vet Surg 34:59–63, 2005.
  50. Weiland L, Croubels S, Baert K, et al: Pharmacokinetics of a lidocaine patch 5% in dogs. J Vet Med 53:34–39, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
  51. Wilson DA: Early wound management. North American Veterinary Conference, 2007. Available at ivis.org/proceedings/navc/2006/LA/096.asp?LA=1.

Chapter 76: Open Wounds

REFERENCES

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  2. Argenta LC, Morykwas MJ: Vacuum-assisted closure: a new method for wound control and treatment: clinical experience. Ann Plast Surg 38:563, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
  3. Australian Wound Management Association: Standard for wound management, 2002, Available at
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  6. Bang LM, Buntting C, Molan P: The effect of dilution on the rate of hydrogen peroxide production in honey and its implications for wound healing. J Altern Complement Med 9:267, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
  7. Bardy J, Slevin NJ, Mais KL, et al: A systematic review of honey uses and its potential value within oncology care. J Clin Nurs 17:2604, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
  8. Ben-Amotz R, Lanz OI, Miller JM, et al: The use of vacuum-assisted closure therapy for the treatment of distal extremity wounds in 15 dogs. Vet Surg 36:684, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
  9. Blackburn JH 2nd, Boemi L, Hall WW, et al: Negative-pressure dressings as a bolster for skin grafts. Ann Plast Surg 40:453, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
  10. Bohling MW, Henderson RA, Swaim SF, et al: Comparison of the role of the subcutaneous tissues in cutaneous wound healing in the dog and cat. Vet Surg 35:3, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
  11. Bohling MW, Henderson RA, Swaim SF, et al: Cutaneous wound healing in the cat: a macroscopic description and comparison with cutaneous wound healing in the dog. Vet Surg 33:579, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
  12. Bovill E, Banwell PE, Teot L, et al: Topical negative pressure wound therapy: a review of its role and guidelines for its use in the management of acute wounds. Int Wound J 5:511, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
  13. Bowler PG, Jones SA, Walker M, et al: Microbicidal properties of a silver-containing hydrofiber dressing against a variety of burn wound pathogens. J Burn Care Rehabil 25:192, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
  14. Buffa EA, Lubbe AM, Verstraete FJM, et al: The effect of wound lavage solution on canine fibroblasts: an in vitro study. Vet Surg 26:460, 1986.
  15. Cazander G, van Veen KE, Bernards AT, et al: Do maggots have an influence on bacterial growth? A study on the susceptibility of strains of six different bacterial species to maggots of Lucilia sericata and their excretions/secretions. J Tissue Viability 18:80, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
  16. Chatterjee JS: A critical review of irrigation techniques in acute wounds. Int Wound J 2:258, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
  17. Fernandez R, Griffiths R: Water for wound cleansing. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD003861, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
  18. Fong J, Wood F, Fowler B: A silver coated dressing reduces the incidence of early burn wound cellulitis and associated costs of inpatient treatment: comparative patient care audits. Burns 31:562, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
  19. French VM, Cooper RA, Molan PC: The antibacterial activity of honey against coagulase-negative staphylococci. J Antimicrob Chemother 56:228, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
  20. Gabriel A, Shores J, Heinrich C, et al: Negative pressure wound therapy with instillation: a pilot study describing a new method for treating infected wounds. Int Wound J 5:399, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
  21. Gregor S, Maegele M, Sauerland S, et al: Negative pressure wound therapy: a vacuum of evidence? Arch Surg 143:189, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
  22. Guille AE, Tseng LW, Orsher RJ: Use of vacuum-assisted closure for management of a large skin wound in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 230:1669, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
  23. Gupta A: A review of the use of maggots in wound therapy. Ann Plast Surg 60:224, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
  24. Jacobs S, Simhaee DA, Marsano A, et al: Efficacy and mechanisms of vacuum-assisted closure (vac) therapy in promoting wound healing: a rodent model. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 62(10):1331–1338, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
  25. Jaklic D, Lapanje A, Zupancic K, et al: Selective antimicrobial activity of maggots against pathogenic bacteria. J Med Microbiol 57:617, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
  26. Jeschke MG, Sandmann G, Schubert T, et al: Effect of oxidized regenerated cellulose/collagen matrix on dermal and epidermal healing and growth factors in an acute wound. Wound Repair Regen 13:324, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
  27. Jones SA, Bowler PG, Walker M, et al: Controlling wound bioburden with a novel silver-containing hydrofiber dressing. Wound Repair Regen 12:288, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
  28. Jull A, Walker N, Parag V, et al: Randomized clinical trial of honey-impregnated dressings for venous leg ulcers. Br J Surg 95:175, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
  29. Jull AB, Rodgers A, Walker N: Honey as a topical treatment for wounds. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD005083, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
  30. Kairinos N, Solomons M, Hudson DA: Negative-pressure wound therapy I: the paradox of negative-pressure wound therapy. Plast Reconstr Surg 123:589, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
  31. Kairinos N, Voogd AM, Botha PH, et al: Negative-pressure wound therapy II: negative-pressure wound therapy and increased perfusion. Just an illusion? Plast Reconstr Surg 123:601, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
  32. Labler L, Rancan M, Mica L, et al: Vacuum-assisted closure therapy increases local interleukin-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in traumatic wounds. J Trauma 66:749, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
  33. Lee WR, Tobias KM, Bemis DA, et al: In vitro efficacy of a polyhexamethylene biguanide-impregnated gauze dressing against bacteria found in veterinary patients. Vet Surg 33:404, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
  34. Loebl EC, Marvin JA, Heck EL, et al: The method of quantitative burn-wound biopsy cultures and its routine use in the care of the burned patient. Am J Clin Pathol 61:20, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
  35. Loebl EC, Marvin JA, Heck EL, et al: The use of quantitative biopsy cultures in bacteriologic monitoring of burn patients. J Surg Res 16:1, 1974. PUBMED Abstract
  36. Malmsjo M, Ingemansson R, Martin R, et al: Negative-pressure wound therapy using gauze or open-cell polyurethane foam: similar early effects on pressure transduction and tissue contraction in an experimental porcine wound model. Wound Repair Regen 17:200, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
  37. McNulty AK, Schmidt M, Feeley T, et al: Effects of negative pressure wound therapy on fibroblast viability, chemotactic signaling, and proliferation in a provisional wound (fibrin) matrix. Wound Repair Regen 15:838, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
  38. Metzmacher I, Ruth P, Abel M, et al: In vitro binding of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, and bacterial collagenase on collagenous wound dressings. Wound Repair Regen 15:549, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
  39. Mitchell V, Galizia JP, Fournier L: Precise diagnosis of infection in burn wound biopsy specimens. Combination of histologic technique, acridine orange staining, and culture. J Burn Care Rehabil 10:195, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
  40. Mitsui A, Mathews KG, Linder KE, et al: Effects of fascial abrasion, fasciotomy, and fascial excision on cutaneous wound healing in cats. Am J Vet Res 70:532, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
  41. Monstrey S, Hoeksema H, Verbelen J, et al: Assessment of burn depth and burn wound healing potential. Burns 34:761, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
  42. Morykwas MJ, Argenta LC, Shelton-Brown EI, et al: Vacuum-assisted closure: a new method for wound control and treatment: animal studies and basic foundation. Ann Plast Surg 38:553, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
  43. Moscati RM, Mayrose J, Priya A: A meta-analysis of wound irrigation comparing tap-water versus sterile saline. Ann Emerg Med 48:S84, 2006.
  44. Moscati RM, Mayrose J, Reardon RF, et al: A multicenter comparison of tap water versus sterile saline for wound irrigation. Acad Emerg Med 14:404, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
  45. Mueller SW, Krebsbach LE: Impact of an antimicrobial-impregnated gauze dressing on surgical site infections including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Am J Infect Control 36:651, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
  46. Nguyen TT, Cox CS, Traber DL, et al: Free radical activity and loss of plasma antioxidants, vitamin e, and sulfhydryl groups in patients with burns: the 1993 Moyer Award. J Burn Care Rehabil 14:602, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
  47. Olaitan PB, Adeleke OE, Ola IO: Honey: a reservoir for microorganisms and an inhibitory agent for microbes. Afr Health Sci 7:159, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
  48. Potter MJ, Banwell P, Baldwin C, et al: In vitro optimisation of topical negative pressure regimens for angiogenesis into synthetic dermal replacements. Burns 34:164, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
  49. Pruitt BA Jr, Foley FD: The use of biopsies in burn patient care. Surgery 73:887, 1973. PUBMED Abstract
  50. Ramundo J, Gray M: Enzymatic wound debridement. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 35:273, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
  51. Robson MC, Heggers JP: Delayed wound closure based on bacterial counts. J Surg Oncol 2:379, 1970. PUBMED Abstract
  52. Sanchez IR, Nusbaum KE, Swaim SF: Chlorhexidine diacetate and povidone-iodine cytotoxicity to canine embryonic fibroblasts and Staphylococcus aureus. Vet Surg 17:182, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
  53. Saxena V, Hwang CW, Huang S, et al: Vacuum-assisted closure: microdeformations of wounds and cell proliferation, Plast Reconstr Surg 114:1086, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
  54. Schallberger SP, Stanley BJ, Hauptman JG, et al: Effect of porcine small intestinal submucosa on acute full-thickness wounds in dogs. Vet Surg 37:515, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
  55. Senet P: Becaplermin gel (Regranex gel). Ann Dermatol Venereol 131:351, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
  56. Swaim SF, Gillette RL, Sartin EA, et al: Effects of a hydrolyzed collagen dressing on the healing of open wounds in dogs. Am J Vet Res 61:1574, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
  57. Ubbink DT, Westerbos SJ, Nelson EA, et al: A systematic review of topical negative pressure therapy for acute and chronic wounds. Br J Surg 95:685, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
  58. Ueno H, Murakami M, Okumura M, et al: Chitosan accelerates the production of osteopontin from polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Biomaterials 22:1667, 2001. PUBMED Abstract
  59. Ueno H, Ohya T, Ito H, et al: Chitosan application to x-ray irradiated wound in dogs. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 60:304, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
  60. Wackenfors A, Gustafsson R, Sjogren J, et al: Blood flow responses in the peristernal thoracic wall during vacuum-assisted closure therapy. Ann Thorac Surg 79:1724, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
  61. Whaley S: Tap water or normal saline for cleansing traumatic wounds? Br J Community Nurs 9:471, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
  62. Wheeler CB, Rodeheaver GT, Thacker JG, et al: Side-effects of high pressure irrigation. Surg Gynecol Obstet 143:775, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
  63. White JW Jr, Subers MH, Schepartz AI: The identification of inhibine, the antibacterial factor in honey, as hydrogen peroxide and its origin in a honey glucose-oxidase system. Biochim Biophys Acta 73:57, 1963. PUBMED Abstract
  64. Wiegand C, Heinze T, Hipler UC: Comparative in vitro study on cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity, and binding capacity for pathophysiological factors in chronic wounds of alginate and silver-containing alginate. Wound Repair Regen 17:511, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
  65. Wijesinghe M, Weatherall M, Perrin K, et al: Honey in the treatment of burns: a systematic review and meta-analysis of its efficacy. N Z Med J 122:47, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
  66. Wilkes R, Zhao Y, Kieswetter K, et al: Effects of dressing type on 3d tissue microdeformations during negative pressure wound therapy: a computational study. J Biomech Eng 131:031012, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
  67. Willix DJ, Molan PC, Harfoot CG: A comparison of the sensitivity of wound-infecting species of bacteria to the antibacterial activity of Manuka honey and other honey. J Appl Bacteriol 73:388, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
  68. Winkler JT, Swaim SF, Sartin EA, et al: The effect of a porcine-derived small intestinal submucosa product on wounds with exposed bone in dogs. Vet Surg 31:541, 2002. PUBMED Abstract

Chapter 77: Tension-Relieving Techniques

REFERENCES

  1. Abramson DL, Gibstein LA, Pribaz JJ: An inexpensive method of intraoperative skin stretching for closure of large cutaneous wounds. Ann Plast Surg 38:540–542, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
  2. Al-Bagdadi F: The Integument. In Evans HE, editor: Miller’s anatomy of the dog, ed 3, Philadelphia, 1993, Saunders, pp 98–121.
  3. Alvarado A: Reciprocal incisions for closure of circular skin defects. Plast Reconstr Surg 67:482–491, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
  4. Austin BR, Henderson RA: Buried tension sutures: force-tension comparisons of pulley, double butterfly, mattress, and simple interrupted suture patterns. Vet Surg 35:43–48, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
  5. Bailey JV, Jacobs KA: The mesh expansion method of suturing wounds on the legs of horses. Vet Surg 12:78–82, 1983.
  6. Belkoff SM, Naylor EC, Walshaw R, et al: Effects of subcutaneous expansion on the mechanical properties of porcine skin. J Surg Res 58:117–123, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
  7. Hamilton HL, McLaughlin SA, Whitley RD, et al: Surgical reconstruction of severe cicatricial ectropion in a puppy. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 34:212–218, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
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  11. Irwin DH: Tension lines in the skin of the dog. J Small Anim Pract 7:593–598, 1966. PUBMED Abstract
  12. Johnson TM, Brown MD, Sullivan MJ, et al: Immediate intraoperative tissue expansion. J Am Acad Dermatol 22:283–287, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
  13. Johnston DE: Tension-relieving techniques. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 20:67–80, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
  14. Johnston DE: Tissue expanders. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 20:227–234, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
  15. Keller WG, Aron DN, Rakich PM, et al: Rapid tissue expansion for the development of rotational skin flaps in the distal portion of the hindlimb of dogs: an experimental study. Vet Surg 23:31–39, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
  16. Liang MD, Briggs P, Heckler FR, et al: Presuturing—a new technique for closing large skin defects: clinical and experimental studies. Plast Reconstr Surg 81:694–702, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
  17. Mackay DR, Saggers GC, Kotwal N, et al: Stretching skin: undermining is more important than intraoperative expansion. Plast Reconstr Surg 86:722–730, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
  18. Melis P, Noorlander ML, van der Horst CM, et al: Rapid alignment of collagen fibers in the dermis of undermined and not undermined skin stretched with a skin-stretching device. Plast Reconstr Surg 109:674–680; discussion 681–672, 2002. PUBMED Abstract
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  21. Pavletic MM: Tension-relieving techniques. In Atlas of small animal reconstructive surgery, ed 2, Philadelphia, 1999, Saunders, pp 131–171.
  22. Pavletic MM: The integument. In Slatter DH, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, vol 1, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, pp 250–259.
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  24. Ridge MD, Wright V: The directional effects of skin. A bio-engineering study of skin with particular reference to Langer’s lines. J Invest Dermatol 46:341–346, 1966. PUBMED Abstract
  25. Scardino MS, Swaim SF, Henderson RA, et al: Enhancing wound closure on the limbs. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 18:919–933, 1996.
  26. Shapiro AL, Hochman M, Thomas JR, et al: Effects of intraoperative tissue expansion and skin flaps on wound closing tensions. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 122:1107–1111, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
  27. Sharobaro VI, Moroz VY, Starkov YG, et al: First experience of endoscopic implantation of tissue expanders in plastic and reconstructive surgery. Surg Endosc 18: 513–517, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
  28. Spodnick GJ, Pavletic MM, Clark GN, et al: Controlled tissue expansion in the distal extremities of dogs. Vet Surg 22:436–443, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
  29. Swaim SF, Bradley DM, Vaughn DM, et al: The greyhound dog as a model for studying pressure ulcers. Decubitus 6:32–35, 38–40, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
  30. Swaim SF, Henderson RA: Management of skin tension. In Small animal wound management, ed 2, Baltimore, 1997, Williams & Wilkins, pp 143–190.
  31. Swaim SF, Henderson RA: Various shaped wounds. In Small animal wound management, ed 2, Baltimore, 1997, Williams & Wilkins, pp 235–274.
  32. Trout NJ: Principles of plastic and reconstructive surgery. In Slatter DH, editor: Textbook of small animal surgery, ed 3, vol 1, Philadelphia, 2003, Saunders, pp 274–292.
  33. Webb AJ, Calhoun ML: The microscopic anatomy of the skin of mongrel dogs. Am J Vet Res 15:274–280, 1954. PUBMED Abstract
  34. Webster RC, Davidson TM, Smith RC, et al: M-plasty techniques. J Dermatol Surg 2:393–396, 1976. PUBMED Abstract
  35. Wilhelmi BJ, Blackwell SJ, Mancoll JS, et al: Creep vs. stretch: a review of the viscoelastic properties of skin. Ann Plast Surg 41:215–219, 1998. PUBMED Abstract
  36. Zeng YJ, Xu CQ, Yang J, et al: Biomechanical comparison between conventional and rapid expansion of skin. Br J Plast Surg 56:660–666, 2003. PUBMED Abstract

Chapter 78: Local or Subdermal Plexus Flaps