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Índice General

Pag N°

  1. Technical Vocabulary Review 3
  1. Reading Comprehension “The Computer” 4
  1. Visual C++. Useful Vocabulary 10
  1. Reading Comprehension Visual C++ 11
  1. Useful Terminology 15
  1. Evaluation
  1. Project : Hand recognition 18
  1. Information Strategy Planning 20
  1. Intermediate Idioms 22
  1. Mid-Term Exam
  1. Critical Sucess Factor Analysis 26
  1. Business Area Analysis 28
  1. SQL 31
  1. Internet 36
  1. Introduction to HTML 43
  1. Evaluation
  1. CorelDraw (Technical Vocabulary) 52
  1. Reading Comprehension CorelDraw 53
  1. Final Exam

TECHNICAL VOCABULARY

REVIEW

Ingles 5

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1. Worksheet

  1. Upgrade
  2. Token
  3. Track
  4. Target
  5. Stack
  6. Spreadsheet
  7. Sorting
  8. Setup
  9. Row
  10. Slot
  11. Loops
  12. Layer
  13. Queue
  14. Knobs
  15. Joystick
  16. Plug
  17. Parsing
  18. Offline
  19. Header
  20. Garbage
  21. Freeware
  22. Overflow
  23. Node
  24. Upload
  25. Release
  26. Reply
  27. Log off
  28. Tic
  29. Backbone
  30. Background
  31. Dummy
  32. Features
  33. Feedback
  34. Footer
  35. Bias

Ingles 5

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Ingles 5

1

1. Store

  1. Attach
  2. Board
  3. Replace
  4. Motherboard
  5. Central Processing Unit
  6. Flow
  7. Keyboard
  8. Printer
  9. Device
  10. High voltage
  11. Low voltage
  12. Switch
  13. Fixed pattern
  14. Information Interchange
  15. Send
  16. Code
  17. Decode
  18. Display
  19. Screen

Ingles 5

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READING COMPREHENSION

The Computer

The computer itself depends on a series of chips, integrated circuits made from silicon that store and porecess information. Chips are attached to boards inside the computer, which can be removed and replaced only by technicians. The most important board is called the system board or motherboard and the most important chip on the system board is the central processing unit, or CPU. The CPU is the computer’s “traffic cop” controlling all the information flowing between the keyboard, the computer itself, the printer, and various other devices you may have connected.

Computer Language . A computer does not understand language in the same way we do. Its language consists of electrical impulses, and it only understands two things : high voltage impulses and low voltage impulses.

Some people refer to this as “ the switch “ being “on” or “off ” . Ultimately, everything must be converted to a pattern of electrical impulses in order for the computer to understand it.

Each electrical impulse is called a bit short for binary digit. In the computer’s terms, the number 1 represents the switch being on and the number 0 represents the switch being off. Because there are only two possibilities, this is referred to as a binary system.

The computer industry has a standardized code in which each keyboard character – every letter, number and symbol – is represented by a fixed pattern of eight bits, called a byte. The code, known as the American Standard Code for Information Interchange, or ASCII (pronounced “as-key”), is recognized and accepted by hardware and software manufacturers- ASCII code actually uses only seven bits to represent a character ; the eighth bit may be used for some other purpose by the hardware or software, or it may be ignored. Even so, the code is still described as using eight bits. Here, for example, is the word “HELLO” in ASCII code :

1001000 1000101 1001100 1001100 10001111

Incidentally, the codes would be different for lowercase letters.

Each time you press a key on a keyboard, you are sending one byte of electrical impulses to the computer, and the computer is decoding it to display the desired character on the screen.

Computer Memory. The computer has two kinds of memory : ROM and RAM. ROM, or read-only memory, contains the computer’s own internal operating instructions. The computer “reads”, or uses, the information in ROM to run itself. The user has no access to anything stored in ROM. RAM, or random-access memory, is a temporary work space in which the computer runs your word-processing program and other applications. Unlike ROM, which is permanent memory, anything in RAM is wiped out as soon as you turn off the computer (or experience a power outage). Think of RAM as a desk where you can spread out your work each day but must clean it upat night before leaving.

Memory, in the computer’s terms, is measured in thousands or millions of bytes. A thousand bytes is a kilobyte, or K for short. A million bytes is a megabyte (Mg). Actually, because of the eight-bit ASCII code, kilobytes and megabytes are multiples of eight, so a kilobyte is really 1024 bytes, and a megabyte is really 1018 576 bytes- Here are some common RAM memory capacities. The word equivalents are based on an average of five characters per word.

RAM Equivalent to approximately :

512 K 512 000 characters or 102 400 words

1 Mg 1 024 000 characters or 204 800 words

4 Mg 4 096 000 characters or 819 200 words

10 Mg 10 240 000 characters or 2 048 000 words

Storage. Your word processor would not be of much use if you could not store the documents that you prepare, and reprint or edit them later on. Information is permanently stored on disks, which are magnetized to record the bits making up your document. Computers use two types of disk : floppy disks, which are portable, and hard disks, which are usually built into the computer itself.

Floppy disks, so named because they are generally flexible enough to bend, are thin plastic disks. Originally, all floppy disks were 8” in diameter; today, the standard sizes are 5 ¼” and 3 ½ “ disks. The smaller 3 ½ disk is sealed in a thicker casing which does not really bend; however, all portable disks are referred to as floppy disks, floppies, or simply diskettes.

The floppy disk is inserted through a slot into a device called a disk drive, which spins the disk and is able to copy information from it (called “reading” the disk) or record new information on it (Called “writing to” the disk).

Information is stored on the disk in sectors, or rings. The disk drive can access any part of the disk without having to go through it sequentially. This is important because information may be stored on a disk in random locations, and the computer must reassemble the information quickly before displaying it on your screen.

Straight out of the box, a floppy disk will fit into any word processor or computer with the correct size of disk drive (3 ½” or 5 ¼” ). But it will not work until a simple step, called formatting, is carried out. Formatting, which takes only about a minute, customizes the disk for the particular brand of machine in which it will be used. The disk can later be reformatted for use in another computer, but the process erases anything stored on it, be very careful not to reformat a disk unless you are willing to lose all the data on it. Hard disks also need to be formatted, but this is normally done when they are installed in the computer and never again.

Floppy disks require care in handling. They should not be expsed to excesive heat or cold. (Do not leave them in your car, for instance, but they will be safe in the office even if the air-conditioning or heating is turned off over the weekend.) Never touch the surface of the disk, and do not bend it or attach paper clipc or anything similar. Use only felt-tip pens when writing on the label. Do not drop it or drop objects on top of it, and avoid forcing it into a disk drive if it will not go in easily. Most important, since the data on the disk is megnetized, keep the disk away from magnets or magnetic fields – for example, telephones – whcih could scramble the data.

As mentioned, most computers also contain a permanently installed hard disk.The hard disk serves much the same purpose as a floppy disk but stores a great deal more data. Once considered a luxury, hard disks are now generally regarded as essential for storing application programs and the files created with them.

The storage capacity of disks is expressed, as discussed earlier, in kilobytes (K) and megabytes (Mg).

As hard disks fill up, files tend to become fragmented-that is, broken up and stored on different parts of the disk-which may result in a loss of performance. Special defragmenting software will read and rewrite the entire disk, putting the files back together.

The Keyboard

The keyboards can be detached from the computer itself. The cable should be long enough to allow you to position the keyboard for your maximum comfort and convenience.

There are as many keyboards disigns as there are manufactures of word-processing equipment, but they all have some basic things in common.

The central part of the keyboard, containing the alphabet letter keys, is essentially the same as the traditional typewriter keyboard. In addition, most computer keyboards also have the following :

-Cursor control keys, which are used to move the cursor around on the screen.

-Numeric Keypad, which is used for typing numbers.

-Function keys, which are designated to perform different functions for each software program.

The Monitor

There is much more variation in the types and capabilities of monitors than of keyboards. Today, with an enormous range of monitors available, the user can readily choose a model on which adjustments for convienience and safety can easily be made.

Many monitors have tilt-and –swivel bases that enable you to select the viewing angle you find most comfortable. You may also want a monitor stand to raise the height of the screen so as to avoid neck fatigue.

The screen image is made up of dots, or pixels, in much more the same way that letters on a dot-matrix printer are made up of dots. The more pixels in the display, the greater clarity you can expect.

Another factor in the screen’s comfort level is the color. For example, some people who use a monochrome (one-color) monitor may find that a green or amber display is easier on the eyes than a black-and-white screen. If you have a color monitor, your word- processing program may give you options for text and background display colors.

Exercises

Copy and complete :

1. Chips are ... made from ...

2. Each time you press a key on a keyboard the com-

puter is ... it to display the desired character on the

screen.

3. The computer has two kinds of memory : ...

  1. Memory in the computer’s terms is measured in ...
  2. Computers use two types of disks : ...

Write (T) true or (F) false :

1. The most important chip on the system board is the

C.P.U. ( )

  1. RAM is permanent memory. ( )
  2. Floppy disks store more data than hard disks ( )
  3. Function keys are used for typing numbers. ( )
  4. Floppy disks are flexible disks ( )

VISUAL C++

Useful Vocabulary

Ingles 5

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1. Tips

  1. Startup
  2. Compiler
  3. Hide
  4. View
  5. Toggle off
  6. Bookmark
  7. Debugger
  8. Choose
  9. Attach
  10. Shut down
  11. Add
  12. Current
  13. Queue
  14. Tools
  15. Load
  16. Hold down
  17. Class view
  18. Wizard
  19. Resources
  20. Custom Build
  1. Link
  2. Page Setup
  3. Browse info
  4. Breakpoint
  5. Properties
  6. Set Active Project
  7. Source Control
  8. Setting
  9. Batch build
  10. Profle
  11. Source Browser
  12. Error Lookup
  13. Customize
  14. Split
  15. Docking view
  16. Technical support
  17. Quickwatch
  18. Precompiled Headers
  19. Layout

Ingles 5

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READING COMPREHENSION

Visual C++

“C” is a highly portable programming language.

C++ is a programming language combining the power of object oriented programmning with the efficiency and notional convenience of “C”

Show tips at Startup

The compiler options /Yc and /Yu (Create and Use specific precompiled header) provide the most efficient precompiled header management.

You can hide Project Workspace window views that you do not use by right clicking on the tab area of the Project Workspace window and toggling off the unnedeed view. You can use the same method to toggle the view back on.

You can press F2 and Shift + F2 to go to the next and previous source-file bookmark.

You should define an assigmennt operator if you define a copy constructor.

If you want to see extensions or change what you see in file open/save dialogs, run the Windows Explorer and change its options appropriately. For instance, to see extensions, click Options on the view menu in the Windows Explorer and turn off “Hide file extensions for known files types”.

If your program hangs while running outside the debugger, attach the debugger to your program by choosing Attach to Process.

Avoid using the Terminate Thread and Exit Thread APIS as they inmediately shut down tasks, which may cause memory and resource leaks. These APIS are provided for advanced systems programming only.

You can have multiple projects in a workspace. Use the Insert Project into Workspace command or select the Add to current workspace check box when you create a new project.

When debugging you can press Alt + 6 to display the Memory Window.

You can use the C++ typeid operator to obtain type information at run time.

Ctrl + Tab cycles through the queue of open Developer Studio Windows (It works like Alt + Tab in Windows)

You can repeat the last Find command in the source Editor by pressing F3.

You can customize AppWizard to create projects most useful to you. Create a new “Custom AppWizard” project to get started.

If you want to see sample code at the same time you are working on your project, create a new project that contains the sample code as part of your workspace.

The source editor can emulate BRIEF (TM) and Epsilon (TM) from the Tools menu, choose Options, then click compatibility.

You must initialize references and non-satic const members in the member – initialization list of the constructor.

To get some new powerful and useful source editor commands, cllick Macros and the Tools menu and load the sample macro file.

Holding down Shift as you draw constrains the shape of an object. For example, it constrains a rectangle to a square or an ellipse to a circle.

Memory allocated with the C++ operator new ( ) must be freed with operator delete ( ) .

To sort the list of open windows by the ones most recently used (on the windows menu) , click Options on the Tools menu, click the workspace tab, and select the Automatically sort window menu check box.

You can move to the beggining of a line by pressing Home.You can move to the end of a line by pressing End.

With C++ run time type information, you can perform safe typecasts and manipulate type information at run time.

You can press Shift + F5 to stop debugging. You can press Ctrl + Shift + F5 to restart debugging.

You can undo most actions by clicking the Undo button on the standard toolbar.

Before you can change text or graphics, you must first select the item you want to modify.

You can change the color of the selection margin. To do so, choose Options from the Tools menu, then click Format. In the Colors Box, click Selection Margin and select the colors you want.

ASSERT helps you to catch bugs early.

You can find the definitions and references for a symbol by using the browser commands in the pop-up menu.

USEFUL TERMINOLOGY

Software : General term for any computer

program.

Microsoft : A computer software company

specialized in programs and . packages for personal computers.

Editor : A software program that allows a user

to make changes to a file.

Compiler : A piece of software that translates a

program written in a high level

computer programming.

Debug :To correct errors in a program of

system.

Browser :Software that reads and displays

Hypertext and hypermedia .

documents on the internet.

Internet : An informal shared public network

linking UNIX (operating system) and

other computers world-wide using the Internet Protocol. (I. P)

Protocol : An agreement that covers the

procedures used to exchange . information between cooperating entities.

Layout : The way in which text and pictures are

arranged on a page or screen.

Linker : A path or channel that joins two devices.

HELP KEYBOARD

CATEGORYCOMMANDS DESCRIPTION

Build Build Builds the project

Debug Debugbreak Stops program

execution;

breaks into the

debugger.

Diagram AddRelated Tables Adds related

tables to Diagram

Diagram Arrange Tables Arrange tables

Edit Bookmark Drop Drops an Epsilon

bookmark

Edit BrowseNext Displays the next

symbol

Edit ChartLeft Moves the cursor

one character to

the left.

Edit Find Find the specific

text.

Edit Search Incremental Starts an

incremental

search fordward.

EditWordCapitalize Makes the first

character

uppercase.

FileFileSave Saves the

document.

LayoutLayoutGuides Changes the

gridor guide visibility and granularity.

QueryChange QueryDelete Creates a

Delete Query

ToolsCancelHide Windows

or cancels

mades.

ViewActivate CallStack W Active the Call

Stack Window

ViewResource SymbolsBrowses and

Edits the

symbols in the

resource file.

WizardBarWbactron Button AActivates the

WizardBar.

PROJECT

Handrecognition

Description of the project

In the branch DIGITAL Signal and Processing Image, a project is required on the work of sounds and/or images. If the most known example mixing the DIGITAL Signal and Processing Image and the identification several time were already implemented, namely the identification of people thanks to the fingerprints, the identification of a person thanks to the principal lines of the hand remains to be made. Indeed, our experiment did not enable us to find something of already existing in this field.

Constraints

It was very difficult to us to find information concerning the techniques allowing to differentiate the hands from people. There is a technique basing itself on the morphology of the hand and its geometry. Hand that requires a sight of lower part and a side view. The second solution which was discovered, is a biometric manner of identification (definitely more complex than by taking only the lines of the hand). But there, the systems already exist and are commerciables in the form of small boxes where all is integrated.