RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
KARNATAKA, BANGALORE
ANNEXURE II
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION
1 / Name of the candidate and address(in block letters) / MR. HANAMANTAPPA
I YEAR M. Sc. NURSING,
SHRI B.M. PATIL INSTITUTE OF NURSING SCIENCES,
BIJAPUR-586103.
2 / Name of the institution / SHRI B.M. PATIL INSTITUTE OF NURSING SCIENCES, BIJAPUR-586103.
3 / Course of the study and subject / M. Sc. NURSING
CHILD HEALTH NURSING.
4 / Date of admission to the course / 28.07.2011
5 / Title of the study
“A COMPARATIVE STUDY TO ASSESS STRESS AND COPING PATTERN AMONG ADOLESCENT STUDENTS IN SELECTED CBSE AND STATE BOARD SYLLABUS SCHOOLS IN BIJAPUR.”
6.
7. / Brief resume of the intended work
Introduction
Stress is an unpleasant psychological and physiological state caused due to some internal or external demands that go beyond our capacity1.Every one experience stress at times adult, teens and even kids. Adolescents are experiencing enormous amount of stress, emotional and psychological problems which affect their health. This period can be called as crucial stage of human life.2 Stress can be negative or positive.3 Up to certain extent stress proves to be accelerating the magnitude and quality of effort in achieving the desired goal.4 Stress is unavoidable and can occur in all facets of life.5 It is note worthy that persistently high stress level will impair academic achievement, personal and professionaldevelopment6. In this context, individual differences such as coping strategies, anxiety and psychological factors seem to play an important role.7
There is growing interest in positive aspect of stress process, including positive outcome of stress and antecedents that dispose individual to appraise stressful situation, more a challenge than as a threat. Less attention has been given to the adaptation of positive emotions during stress or to coping process to sustain positive emotion8.
6.1 Need for the study
Adolescence is a period of transition between childhood and adulthood. A time of profound biologic, intellectual, psychological and economic change, during this period individuals reach physical and sexual maturity.
Sometimes adolescence undergo the unmanageable stress, that leads to a negative act like suicidal idea, run away from the school, aggression towards teacher, addiction for bad habit etc.
A cross sectional study was conducted to find out the stress and suicidal ideas among 2402 school students in Chandigarh. A systematic sampling technique was used. The result showed that out of 2402 students 1078 (45.8%) had psychological problems, half (1201 students) perceived problems in their role as students 930 (45%) reported academic decline, 180 (8.82%) students reported suicidal ideas 8(0.39%) students reported suicidal attempt. The investigator concluded that students with academic problems and unsupportive environment at home perceived life as a burden and had higher rate of suicidal ideas9.
A comparative study was carried out among 667 school children between the age group of 4-17 years in Kerala, to study the prevalence of stress in school children the interrelationship of stress and various areas like school based competence, their attitude, behavior and their physical and health problems. Standardized stress assessment tool was used. The result indicates that 98.2% 0f the children age 14-17 years showed moderate and even severe stress. More than 97% of the children above 10 years had above average stress. The majority of children between 13-15 showed moderate or severe level of stress. Similar study done in adolescence (12-17) revealed that more 90% of the children are facing above normal level of stress and tension. The investigator concluded that students often attempted to control and reduced their stress through religious and social support, meditation and yoga.10
The current education systems emphasize the presence of school health nurse in every school to monitor the all round growth and development of children and provide guidance and counseling.
In taking care of and understanding the problems of adolescence and its contributing factors she or he should have an in-depth knowledge in this aspect. One such contributing factors of stress are related to syllabus and its effect on the adolescence health and life style.
Very minimal researches had been done on this area or are being neglected. Hence the researcher is interest to conduct a study to understand the level of stress produced by syllabus on students and how they cope with it.
6.2 Review of literature
A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of stress, stressors and coping strategies among secondary school students in Kota, Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia secondary school and participant. Selections were done via stratified random sampling with a sample size of 505 students. The 12 item general Health Questionnaire, secondary school stressors Questionnaire and brief cope inventory were self-administered to measure stress level, sources of stress and coping strategies respectively among participants. Result had shown that out of 505 selected participants, 421 (83.36%) responded to this survey. This study found that the prevalence of distressed secondary school students was 32.8%.The major stressors for all types of schools were academic related issues. This study showed that the students in technical school were more distressed than students elsewhere. Among the most frequent coping strategies used by the students were religion, positive reinterpretation, use of instrumental support, active coping and planning. There were relationship between intrapersonal and intrapersonal related stressors, academic achievements, level of school and academic related stressor, attention from parent, behavioral disengagement, self blame and planning coping strategies with stress level and the students.6
A study was conducted to investigate the age and gender effects on perceived stress, coping, adjustment in adolescents. The sample included 286 Austrian aged 10-14 yrs who attended the 5th to 7th grade self report data on perceived stress, coping as well as emotional and behavioral problems, were assessed. 5th graders scored lower on maladaptive coping strategies and externalizing problems and reported more adaptive coping strategies than 6th and 7th graders. Compared with boys, girls evaluated higher amount of perceived interpersonal stress and used more social support. Additionally girls scored higher on maladaptive coping strategies and emotional distress and scored lower on distraction than boys. Problem focused and emotional focused coping were negatively related to emotional and behavioral problem, were as perceived stress and maladaptive coping was positively associated with adjustment problems. These relations were stronger in female than in male adolescents.11
A study was conducted to find out stress and coping strategies among Zimbabwean adolescents. A sample of 101 Zimbabwean students (aged 17-19) participated in this study. Participants completed 3 instruments on the perceived stress scale, the social provision scale and the way of coping scale. The result was Zimbabwean adolescents’ experienced slight stress as measured by the perceived stress scale. Measured stressors included school work, relationship, social life and financial hardship. Females reported a higher level of perceived stress than males. Zimbabwean adolescents reported having fewer social provisions than the norm group. Results from the ways of coping scale indicated that Zimbabwean adolescents used emotion focused strategies more frequently than problem solving strategies12.
A cross sectional study was conducted to find out the students, stress and coping strategies among 300 medical students in Karachi, Pakistan. A semi structured self administered questionnaire was carried out over four weeks. The result showed that out of 300 students’ 264 students who filled in the questionnaire. Inability to cope, helplessness, increased psychological pressure; mental tension and too much work load are stress factors, for students. A considerable majority think that they have been stressed at one time or another. 94 % of males have experienced stress. The senior students of the 4th and 5th year feel more stressed (95%and 98% respectively).Low moods, inability to concentrate, loss of temper are most common symptoms. Females report more symptoms, and the prevalence of perceived stress seems to be high among medical student which tends to affect not only their academic performance but also all aspects of health review of academics and exam. Schedule, more leisure time activities better interaction with the faculty and proper guidance, advisory services and peer counseling at the campus could do a lot to reduce the stress.13
A cross sectional comparative study was done to assess the stress and coping strategies among school going adolescents aged 15-19years in Gampaha District, Colombo Srilanka. A sample of 406 students was used for the scoring of life event scale and validation of the study instrument was carried out among 127 students. Samples of 845 students were selected for the prevalence study using cluster sampling technique. A comparison was made among a sample of 424 students with and without stress who had been identified from the prevalence study to detect associated factors and coping strategies. The result showed that the prevalence of stress among 0 level and A’ level students was 41% and 38% respectively. Prevalence of stress among boys was 42% and they were more stressed than girls (38%). A higher prevalence of stress was identified among 0 level boys (42%) compare to girls (40%) similarly among ‘A’ level students 41% of boys and 35% were stressed.14
6.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT
A comparative study to assess stress and coping pattern among adolescent students in selected CBSE and state board syllabus schools in Bijapur.
6.4 Objectives of the study
1. To assess the level of stress among CBSE and state board adolescent students on syllabus as measured with stress scale.
2. To assess the coping pattern among CBSE and state board adolescent students on syllabus as measured with coping scale.
3. To compare the CBSE and state board adolescent students stress and coping pattern.
4. To find out the association between stress and coping pattern with selected demographic variables among adolescent students of CBSE and state board syllabus.
6.5 Operational definitions
· Assess: A systematic way of collecting, analyzing synthesizing and documenting the data
· Stress: In this study, stress refers to the unpleasant psychological situations that occur due to the burden of syllabus, present educational and examination system, burden of home work and coaching.
· Coping pattern: In this study, it refers to strategies adopted by the adolescents in response to stress, and to overcome the stressful situation
· Adolescent students; In this study the adolescent students refers to the children in the age group from 14 to 16 years from selected high schools
· C B S E Syllabus School: In this study C B S E syllabus school refers an acronym for the central board of secondary education .It is an education board in India that offers students classes from pre primary to 10+2
· State board syllabus school; In this study state board syllabus school refers to the school followed by norms of rules and regulations of Govt of Karnataka state.
6.6 Assumptions
The study assumes that:
· Stress is common among adolescents.
· The adolescents adopt some coping pattern to relieve stress.
6.7 Hypotheses
The following hypotheses will be tested at 0.05 level of significance
H1: There is significant difference in the stress scores between CBSE and state board school adolescent students.
H2: There is significant difference in the coping scores between CBSE and state board school adolescent students.
H3: There is significant association of stress scores with selected demographic variables among CBSE and state board school adolescent students.
H4: There is significant association of coping scores with selected demographic variables among CBSE and state board school adolescent students.
6.8 Delimitation
· The assessment is mainly by self-rated report. No effort will be made to observe the coping.
· The samples of the study will be from 2 selected C B S E schools and 2 state board schools.
Materials and methods
7.1 Source of data collection
Adolescent students of selected CBSE and state board high schools at Bijapur
7.1.1 Research design
A comparative descriptive design will be used.
7.1.2 Research approach
A descriptive research approach will be used.
7.1.3 Setting
The study will be conducted at the selected CBSE and state board high schools at Bijapur.
7.1.4 Population
The population under study includes the adolescent students of selected CBSE and state board high schools at Bijapur.
7.1.5 Variables
Research variables:
1. Stress
2. Coping
3. Demographic variables
7.2 Method of data collection
7.2.1 Sampling procedure
The sample for the study will be selected by stratified random sampling technique.
7.2.2 Sample size
In this study the sample size will be 100 adolescent students 50 each, from CBSE and state board high schools at Bijapur.
7.2.3 Inclusion criteria for sampling
· Adolescents who are studying in CBSE and state board high schools.
· Age group between 14-16 years.
· Students who are studying in 10th class.
7.2.4 Exclusion criteria for sampling
· Students those who are not willing to participate.
· Those not present at the time of data collection.
7.2.5 Instruments used
· Proforma for Demographic variables
· Stress rating scale to measure stress.
· Rating scale to measure coping pattern.
7.2.6 Data collection method
1. Permission will be obtained from the concerned authority.
2. Purpose of conducting the study will be explained to the subjects.
3. Informed consent will be obtained from subjects.
4. Data would be collected using:
a. Stress rating scale
b. Rating scale to measure coping pattern.
7.2.7 Data analysis plan
The data would be analyzed by using descriptive (mean, median, frequency, percentage) and inferential statistics (unpaired t-test, chi-square test) on the basis of objectives and the hypotheses. The data will be presented in the form of tables, diagrams and graphs.
7.2.8 Duration of study
4-6 weeks
7.3 Does the study require any investigation to be conducted on patients or other humans or animals (if so, please describe briefly)
No.
7.4 Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution in case of 7.3
Yes ethical clearance will be obtained from concerned authority
8. / list of references
1. Sreevani R. All about your stress. Nightingale Nursing Times 2006 Jan; 24-7.
2. Monteiro R, Sebastian KV, Ashok L. Parental pressure, present educational system and their impact on adolescents. Health Action 2010 Jul; 22-4.
3. Cheng KW. A study of stress sources among college students in Taiwan. Journal of Academic and Business Ethics;1-8.
4. Malik PR, Balda S. High IQ adolescents under stress: do they perform poor in academics. Anthropologist 2006;8(2):61-2.
5. Steinberg L; Adolescence, 7th edition ,New York, NY; MC Graw –Hill:2005.
6. Mohamed Saiful Bahri Yusoff Email:msaiful@kb usmmy.
7. Uwe W, Hempel S, Miles JNV. Perceived parenting styles, depersonalization, anxiety and coping behaviour in adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences 2003;34:521-3.
8. Folkman’s and Mosko Witz J.T ; Stress positive emotions and coping :American psychological society 9 (4): 2000: 115-118
9. Arun P, BS Chavan. Stress and suicidal ideas in adolescent students in Chandigarh. Indian Journal of Medical Sciences 2009;63(7):281-7.
10. Dinesh S, Syamakumari S. Childhood stress. [online]. Available from: URL:http://www.articlesbase.com/psychology-articles/childhood-stress-1867177.html
11. Hampl Petra, Peter Mann Franz; Perceived Stress, Coping and Adjustment in Adolescents: Journal of adolescent health vol.38, Issue 4. April 2006: 409-415.
12. Dr. Lindiwe Magay, Kimberly K. Asner-self, James B Schreiber; stress and coping strategies among Zimbabwean adolescents: British journal of educational psychology vol.75 Issue 4: 661-671.
13. Babar T. Shaikh, Arsalan Kahloon, Muhammad Kazmi, Hamza Khalid, Kiran Nawaz and Saadiy Khan: Education for Health, vol.17 no.3 November 2004 346-353.
14. Dissanayaka, PDSP: Stress and Coping Strategies among school going adolescents: Http://pqim. Srilanka. Health repository. Org/handle/123489.