RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
KARNATAKA, BANGALORE.
ANNEXURE – II
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION.
01. / NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND ADDRESS /Mr. CHETAN. PATALI.
M. Sc. [NURSING] Ist YEAR.PSYCHIATRIC NURSING,
SHRI. B.V.V. SANGHA’S,
SAJJALASHREE INSTITUTE OF NURSING SCIENCES, BAGALKOT. KARNATAKA.
02. / NAME OF THE INSTITUTION / SHRI. B.V.V. SANGHA’S,
SAJJALASHREE INSTITUTE OF NURSING SCIENCES, NAVANAGAR,
BAGALKOT. KARNATAKA.
03. / COURSE OF STUDY AND SUBJECT / M. Sc. [NURSING] Ist YEAR.
PSYCHIATRIC NURSING,
04. / DATE OF ADMISSION TO COURSE. / 10th April 2007.
05. / TITLE OF THE TOPIC / “AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ON KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE REGARDING ALCOHOLISM AMONG THE STUDENTS OF B.V.V.S. ARTS COLLEGE BAGALKOT WITH A VIEW TO PREPARE AN INFORMATION GUIDE SHEET ON THE ILL EFFECTS OF ALCOHOLISM.”
6. / BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK.
6.1 NEED FOR THE STUDY:
Nowadays drinking alcohol has become new trend among the college students. Alcohol is not an ordinary commodity but a toxic substance in terms of its direct and indirect effects on a wide range of body organs and systems. It is one of the most harmful substances to health. At least 61 different types of injury, illness or death which are potentially caused by the consumption of alcohol have been identified. For 38 of these conditions sufficient evidence for a direct causal association has been shown in a benchmark study with hazardous or harmful use of alcohol. Adverse effects of alcohol have been demonstrated for many disorders, including liver cirrhosis, mental illness, several types of cancer, pancreatitis, and damage to the fetus. Alcohol consumption is also strongly related to social consequences such as drunk–driving injuries and fatalities, aggressive behavior, family disruptions and reduced industrial productivity. Approximately 2 billion people worldwide consume alcohol and around 76 million have been estimated to be suffering from alcohol consumption disorders. Numerous and varied factors contribute to and sustain heavy episodic drinking among college students. They include the student and his or her background, the peer group on campus, including alcohol supply and alcohol marketing practices.
The improper use of alcoholic beverages is to be considered as a serious student’s health problem. Alcohol consumption may be a consequence of contemporary lifestyle, high degrees of emotional stress and anxiety, low self-esteem, feelings of depression, susceptibility to peer-pressure, and college-related problems.
These problems may be divided into three categories:
Æ Psychological,
Æ Sociological, and
Æ Medical.
The main psychological issue regards why a person drinks excessively, often with full knowledge that such action will result in physical injury and even death. The medical problem embraces all aspects of alcoholic habituation as well as the diseases that result from the abuse of alcohol. The sociologic problem encompasses all of the effects of sustained drinking on the student’s work, family, and the society.
Although alcohol is sometimes referred to as a ‘gateway drug’ for youth because its use often precedes the use of other illicit substances, this terminology is counterproductive; youth drinking requires significant attention, not because of what it leads to, but because of the extensive human and economic impact of alcohol use on this vulnerable population.
In India household expenditure on alcohol varies from 3% to 45% of income. Alcohol abuse is one of the main killers of young men today. However, its real impact is on the social and family dynamics that undermine its communities.
A study of 50,220 men aged 45 years and over from the lower and lower-middle section of the general population of Mumbai showed that 18.8% were currently consuming alcoholic beverages, of which 32.8% drank on at least 6 days per week. The most popular beverage was locally distilled products of fruits and grain (country liquor). Seventy-five per cent of the consumers of country liquor would consume over 53 gms of ethanol on a day when they drink, with 46.6% of them doing so on at least 6 days per week.
In a study of 2600 completed suicides in Bangalore in 1999 (Gururaj et al, 2001), 14% of males and 1% of females had heavy alcohol use as a likely trigger or predisposing condition. 24% of all attempted suicides had a similar relationship with alcohol. Nine out of 30 (30%) deaths in a community in Bangalore had associated heavy alcohol use, either causal or contributing to the death. 30% of all strokes in the stroke registry at NIMHANS had associated heavy alcohol use.
The investigator observed as the first time college students arrive on campus, it’s a time of new experiences, new friendships, and making memories that will last a lifetime. Unfortunately for many, it is also a time of excessive drinking and dealing with its aftermath – vandalism, violence, sexual aggression, vehicle accidents and death, Etc. Hence the investigator has taken to make, an exploratory study on the Knowledge and Attitude regarding alcoholism among the students of B.V.V.S. Arts college Bagalkot with a view to prepare an information guide sheet on ill effects of alcoholism. In brief the investigator indents to help the younger generation to cope up with peer pressure without the use of alcohol.
6.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
Delma P Oliveira de Souza, et al conducted study on alcohol and alcoholism among Brazilian adolescent public-school students, and result reveals that the they found prevalence of 71.3% for alcohol consumption and 13.4% for alcoholism in the total sample, with higher prevalence among working students (81.0% and 14.9%) than among non-workers (65.8% and 12.6%). In addition to the association between alcohol use and work, they found both differences and similarities between the two groups. Alcoholism is not associated with work but is associated with male sex.
Ralph Hingson, et al conducted study on magnitude of alcohol-related mortality and morbidity among U.S. college students ages 18–24: changes from 1998 to 2001 and result shows that, among college students ages 18–24 from 1998 to 2001, alcohol-related unintentional injury deaths increased from nearly 1600 to more than 1700, an increase of 6% per college population. The proportion of 18–24-year-old college students who reported driving under the influence of alcohol increased from 26.5% to 31.4%, an increase from 2.3 million students to 2.8 million. During both years more than 500,000 students were unintentionally injured because of drinking and more than 600,000 were hit/assaulted by another drinking student. Greater enforcement of the legal drinking age of 21 and zero tolerance laws, increases in alcohol taxes, and wider implementation of screening and counseling programs and comprehensive community interventions can reduce college drinking and associated harm to students and others.
Lande RG, et al conducted study on a survey of alcohol consumption among first-year military medical students. And result shows that the First-year medical students (n = 138) at the U.S. Military's medical school report frequent binge drinking. Nearly one fifth of female and one third of male students report at least one episode of binge drinking in the two weeks preceding a survey of alcohol use. Only one fifth of the medical students reported an interest in an expanded addiction medicine curriculum. The authors' promoted the use of a survey to bridge the gap between self assessment and learning.
George W. Dowdall, conducted study on, studying college alcohol use: widening the lens, sharpening the focus, and result reveals that the most studies address clinical, developmental and psychological variables and are conducted at single points in time on single campuses. Factors affecting college alcohol use and methods of studying them are discussed. Most current studies of college drinking do not address the influence of the college and its alcohol environment. Our understanding of college drinking can be improved by expanding the scope of issues studied and choosing appropriate research designs.
Steven Gans, M.D. conducted study on alcohol disorders among college students and result reveals that the six percent of college students meet criteria for a diagnosis of alcohol dependence (also referred to as alcoholism), and 31 percent meet the clinical criteria for alcohol abuse. The study found that more than two of every five students report at least one symptom of these conditions, putting them at increased risk of developing a true alcohol disorder.
Patrick m. O’malley, conducted study on epidemiology of alcohol and other drug use among American college students, and result reveals that the alcohol use rates are very high among college students. Approximately two of five American college students were heavy drinkers, defined as having had five or more drinks in a row in the past 2 weeks. Alcohol use is higher among male than female students. White students are highest in heavy drinking, black students are lowest and Hispanic students are intermediate. Use of alcohol— but not cigarettes, marijuana and cocaine—is higher among college students than among non college age-mates. Longitudinal data show that, while in high school, students who go on to attend college have lower rates of heavy drinking than do those who will not attend college. Both groups increase their heavy drinking after high school graduation, but the college students increase distinctly more and actually surpass their nonstudent age-mates.
John e. Schulenberg, et al conducted study on, a developmental perspective on alcohol use and heavy drinking during adolescence and the transition to young adulthood, and result reveals that the transition to college involves major individual and contextual change in every domain of life; at the same time, heavy drinking and associated problems increase during this transition. A developmental contextual perspective encourages the examination of alcohol use and heavy drinking in relation to normative developmental tasks and transitions and in the context of students’ changing lives, focusing on inter individual variation in the course and consequences of drinking and on a wide range of proximal and distal influences. Links between developmental transitions and alcohol use and other health risks are discussed in light of five conceptual models: overload, developmental mismatch, increased heterogeneity, transition catalyst and heightened vulnerability to chance events. We review normative developmental transitions of adolescence and young adulthood, focusing on the domains of physical and cognitive development, identity, affiliation and achievement.
John s. Baer, conducted study on, student factors: understanding individual variation in college drinking and result reveals that the extant literature is large and varied in quality, as most studies use questionnaire responses from samples of convenience in cross-sectional designs. Evidence from studies of college samples does consistently suggest that alcohol is consumed for several different purposes for different psychological effects in different contexts. A pattern of impulsivity/sensation seeking is strongly related to increase drinking among students. This pattern is supported by research into personality, drinking motives, alcohol expectancies and drinking contexts. A second pattern of drinking associated with negative emotional states is also documented. Some long-term consequences of this second pattern have been described. Social processes appear especially important for drinking in many college venues and may contribute to individual differences in drinking more than enduring personality differences.
Dantzer C, et al conducted study on international study of heavy drinking: attitudes and socio-demographic factors in university students. This study suggests that the heavy drinking was associated with living away from home, having a wealthier family background, and having well-educated parents. Beliefs about the dangers to health of excessive consumption were negatively related to heavy drinking. Heavy drinking is a concern among students in several countries and is associated with greater affluence. Challenging beliefs concerning health risks is a crucial aspect of prevention in this population.
6.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
“AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ON KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE REGARDING ALCOHOLISM AMONG THE STUDENTS OF B.V.V.S. ARTS COLLEGE BAGALKOT WITH A VIEW TO PREPARE AN INFORMATION GUIDE SHEET ON THE ILL EFFECTS OF ALCOHOLISM.”
6.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
1. To assess the knowledge of college students regarding alcoholism.
2. To assess the attitude of college students about alcoholism.
3. To find out the association between knowledge regarding alcoholism and
selected socio-demographic variables.
4. To find out the association between attitude about alcoholism and
selected socio-demographic variables.
5. To develop an information guide sheet on ill effects of alcoholism.
6.5 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS OF TERMS :
1. Knowledge: In this study knowledge refers to the information and skills gained through experience or education.
2. Attitude: In this study attitude refers to a way of thinking or feeling towards alcoholism in Degree College students.
3. Alcoholism: In this study, alcoholism refers to the use of beverages containing alcohol.
4. College student: In this study, a college student refers to the student studying in B.V.V.S. Arts College Bagalkot.
5. Information guide sheet: In this study information guide sheet refers to the learning materials prepared by the researcher based on the knowledge and attitude response given by college students regarding ill effects of alcoholism and this will serve as a reference guide for college students.
6.6 ASSUMPTIONS:
The study assumes that: -
1. Degree college students have some knowledge about ill effects of alcoholism.
2. The degree college students have varying levels of attitude towards alcoholism.
3. An information guide sheet on ill effects of alcoholism will help the degree college students to improve their knowledge and modify their attitude.
6.7 DELIMITATIONS:
1. The study is delimited to the degree college students studying in B.V.V. S. Arts College Bagalkot.
6.8 PROJECTED OUT COME:
The findings of the study will show the knowledge level and attitudes of college students regarding alcoholism. This in turn will help in formulation of an information guide sheet on ill effects of alcoholism
7. / SOURCE OF DATA : -
RESEARCH DESIGN: Exploratory design.
RESEARCH SETTING: The study will be conducted at B.V.V.S. Arts college Bagalkot.
SAMPLE SIZE: 100 - 120.
INCLUSIVE CRITERIA:
1. The students who are studying at B.V.V.S. Arts College Bagalkot.
2. The students who are available at the time of data collection.
3. The students who are willing to participate in the study.
EXCLUSIVE CRITERIA:
1. The students who are not willing to participate in the study.
2. The students who are not available during data collection.
7.1 METHOD OF COLLECTION OF DATA: -
Step 1: Formal permissions from;
a. Principal of sajjalashree institute of nursing sciences Bagalkot.
b. Principal of B.V.V. S. Arts College Bagalkot.
Step 2: Administration of questionnaire to assess the knowledge, about ill effects
of alcoholism.
Step 3: Administration of rating scale to assess the attitude about alcoholism.
7.2 DATA COLLECTION TOOLS :
Instruments:
1. Structured interview schedule to collect the socio demographic data of B.V.V.S. Arts College Bagalkot.
2. A questionnaire to assess the knowledge of selected college students regarding ill effects of alcoholism.
3. A rating scale to assess the attitude about alcoholism.
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE: Stratified quota sampling
DATA ANALYSIS PLAN: Descriptive & inferential statistics.
7.3 Does the study require any investigation or inferential interventions to be conducted on participants.
- No
7.4 Whether the permission is obtained from the concerned hospital.
- Yes
7.5 Whether the ethical clearance has been obtained form the concerned hospital in case of 7.3.
- Yes
8. / LIST OF REFERENCES :
1. George w. Dowdall, et al “studying college alcohol use: widening the lens, sharpening the focus” st. Joseph’s university, 5600 city avenue, philadelphia, pennsylvania. (j. Stud. Alcohol, supplement no. 14: 14-22, 2002).
2. Patrick m. O’malley, et al “epidemiology of alcohol and other drug use among american college students” survey research center, room 2320, university of michigan, p.o. box 1248, ann arbor, michigan 48106-1248. (j. Stud. Alcohol, supplement no. 14: 23- 39, 2002)
3. John s. Baer, student factors: “understanding individual variation in college drinking”. University of washington, and veterans affairs puget sound health care system, seattle, washington. (j. Stud. Alcohol, supplement no. 14: 40-53, 2002)
4. John E. Schulenberg, “a developmental perspective on alcohol use and heavy drinking during adolescence and the transition to young adulthood” institute for social research and department of psychology, university of michigan, ann arbor, michigan 48106-1248. (j. Stud. Alcohol, supplement no. 14: 54-70, 2002).
5. Ralph Hingson, et al “magnitude of alcohol-related mortality and morbidity among u.s. college students ages 18–24: changes from 1998 to 2001” university school of public health, center to prevent alcohol problems among young people, boston, massachusetts 02118; annu. Rev. Public. Health. 2005.26:259-279.
6. Lande Rg, et al “a survey of alcohol consumption among first-year military medical students”. Army substance abuse program, walter reed army medical center, washington, district of columbia 20307, usa. Am j drug alcohol abuse. 2007;33(4):605-10.
7. Delma P Oliveira de souza, et al “alcohol and alcoholism among brazilian adolescent public-school students” departamento de medicina preventiva. Unifesp. São paulo, sp, brasil. Rev saúde publications 1993;27:23-9.
8. Dantzer C, et al “international study of heavy drinking: attitudes and sociodemographic factors in university students”. University of savoy, chambery, france. J am coll health. 2006 sep-oct;55(2):83-9..
9. / SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE
10. / REMARKS OF THE GUIDE / This study is feasible and I forward it for acceptance.
11. / NAME AND DESIGNATION OF
11.1. GUIDE. / Prof. Sheeba. P. S.
Professor & HOD
Dept. of Psychiatric Nursing.
Shri. B.V.V. Sangha’s Sajjalashree Institute of Nursing Sciences, Bagalkot, Karnataka.
11.2. SIGNATURE
11.3. CO – GUIDE / Dr. Nandakumar.
Prof and H.O.D
Shri. B.V.V. Sangha’s Hanagal Shri Kumareshwar Hospital and Research center, Bagalkot, Karnataka.
11.4. SIGNATURE
11.5. HEAD OF THE DEPT. / Prof. Sheeba. P. S.
Professor & HOD
Dept. of Psychiatric Nursing.
11.6. SIGNATURE
12. / REMARKS OF THE CHAIRMAN & PRINCIPAL / The topic is discussed with the members of the research committee and is finalized. He is permitted to conduct the study.
12.1 SIGNATURE
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