Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore s16
RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,
BANGALORE, KARNATAKA
ANNEXURE II
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION
1. /Name of the Candidate
and Address(in block letters) / Dr. PAVAN KUMAR G.
POST GRADUATE STUDENT
DEPT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY.
S.S.INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCE AND RESEARCH CENTRE.
DAVANGERE – 577 005.
2. / Name of the Institution / S.S.INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCE AND RESEARCH CENTRE.
DAVANGERE – 577 005.
3. / Course of study and subject /
POST GRADUATE DEGREE
M.D. IN FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY
4. / Date of Admission to course / 4th JUNE 2012.5. / Title of the Topic / SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN SUPERADDED TEETH- A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY AMONG STUDENTS OF SOUTH INDIAN STATES AT SSIMS&RC, DAVANGERE.
6. / Brief resume of the intended work :
6.1 Need for the study:
Sex determination is considered an important step in reconstructing the biological profile of unknown individuals from the forensic context. Assessment of sex differences from human remains will be of immense help to the investigating officer as it would narrow down his field of search to 50%.1
The most commonly used techniques for sex determination are based on the assessment of the morphological characteristics of the pelvis and skull.2 However, it is not uncommon to recover the pelvis and the skull in a fragmentary state in forensic settings. In this case, teeth can be used as an additional tool for sex determination. Their durability in the case of fire, trauma and bacterial decomposition makes them invaluable for identification.3
Metric and non-metric analysis of the human dentition have played an important role in human biological research and have formed a central focus in the field of dental anthropology for over a century.4 Identification of humans using the unique features of teeth and jaws has been used since Roman times, because humans show dimorphism in jaw and teeth dimensions so also the dietary habits.5,6 Whenever the jaws with the teeth, fragmented jaws with teeth or teeth alone are available at the crime scene or accident, then sex determination can be made using teeth alone. This identification of gender using odontometric techniques is of real interest in case of major catastrophes when bodies are often damaged beyond recognition.7 As sexual dimorphism varies between different populations the collection of population specific data is of major importance.
Hence the present study has been taken up with a view to determine the sex using teeth characteristics, which will be of immense help to the forensic facilities and law enforcing authorities and solving various medico legal cases.
6.2 Review of literature :
Slaus et al in 2007 have found out that identification of human remains during mass disasters is hindered by the state of the soft tissue. With relevant expertise, it is carried out on bones and teeth.8
For this reason, forensic dentistry has played an important, often crucial, role in the identification of victims of mass disasters ( Blau et al ; 2006)9 being useful not only in disasters caused by nature but also under circumstances that bring massive tragedies like tsunami (Dawidson, 2007)10, fire (Valenzuela et al., 2000)11, incineration after a car accident (Martin de las Heras et al.,1999)12, air crashes (Bux et al., 2006)13, and rail disasters (Solheim et al., 1992).14
The dentition is often preserved, even when the bony structures of the body are destroyed because of its physical characteristics and the protection it gets from the bone jaw. It has the ability to resist the destructive action of the medium in which they are found, better than any other skeletal structure For this reason, the use of dental morphology to determine sexual dimorphism is a procedure established in anthropological and biological studies (Edgar, 2005).15
The existence of sexual dimorphism in permanent teeth is a known phenomenon, as observed in several investigations (Jensen et al, 1957).16 This behavior morphogenetically determined that the shape and dimensions of the tooth are fairly stable and has been seen as a determining factor in providing sexual dimorphism in skeletal remains, which is required for forensic identification purposes (Rodríguez, 2004).17
Gender dimorphism in tooth size has been carried out by anthropologists and odontologists focusing on: Bucco-lingual and Mesio-distal dimensions of teeth (linear dimensions) (Acharya and Mainali, 2007).18
Prabhu S and Acharya AB in their article in 2009 proved that the mandibular first molar was found to be most dimorphic followed by the canines and BL dimension of the maxillary first and second molars.19
6.3 Objectives of the study:
1. To study the dimensions (mesodistal and buccolingual distance) of the first and second molar teeth.
2. To compare the dimensions of the first and second molar teeth between the male and the female subjects.
7. / Material and methods :
7.1 Source of data:
A cross sectional study consisting of about 200 South Indian subjects divided into 100 males and 100 females between the age groups of 18-25 years among the students of SSIMS&RC, Davangere will be conducted.
7.2. Method of collection of data (including sampling procedure if any):
Sampling Procedure:
A convenient sampling method will be adopted to choose the study subjects within the age group of 18-25 years among SSIMS&RC students who belong to South India, which would include 100 males and 100 females.
Specimen Collection:
Informed written consent from the subjects will be obtained prior to taking the collection of specimen.
The study subjects would be asked to rinse their mouth with water.
Alginate impressions of both maxillary and mandibular arches would then be made under aseptic precautions.
After taking the alginate impressions of both maxillary and mandibular arches it would be molded into plaster models.
The plaster models will be then air dried and labeled mentioning the age and sex of the each subjects.
Using a sliding vernier caliper, the mesio-distal and bucco-lingual diameters of first and second molar teeth will be determined from the plaster models of both maxillary and mandibular arches obtained from the subjects, by indirect anthropometric measurement.16, 20.
Inclusion criteria:
1) Age between 18-25 years.
2) Male and female individuals.
3) Individual with fully erupted and functionally active first and second
permanent molar teeth.
4) Those who are willing to give voluntary consent.
Exclusion criteria:
1) Missing tooth- dental brides and extraction.
2) Genetic diseases affecting teeth development.
3) Individuals with paramolar tooth.
4) Fractured teeth.
5) Individuals with dental caries.
6) Individuals under orthodontic treatment.
Statistical Analysis:
Data will be entered in master chart in terms of numbers and percentages, and will be analysed by students unpaired -t test.
7.3 Does the study require any investigations or interventions to be conducted on patients or other humans or animals? If so, please describe briefly.
Yes, the study requires plaster models of alginate impressions of both maxillary and mandibular arches to be obtained from the study subjects. It requires human subjects.
Written informed consent will be obtained from each subject prior to the procedure.
7.4. Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution in case
of 7.3?
yes. On 02-11-2012
8. / List of References:
1. Camps FE. Identification by the skeletal structures. In: Gradwohl's Legal Medicine. 3rd ed. Bristol: John Wright and Sons;1976.p109-35.
2. Krogman WM, Iscan MY. The Human Skeleton in Forensic Medicine. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas;1986.p189-267.
3. William PL, Bannister LH, Dyson M, Berry MM, Collins P, Dussek JE, et al. The Teeth. In: Gray’s Anatomy, 39th ed. London: Churchill Livingstone;2006. 590-602.
4. Scott RG, Turner CG. The Anthropology of Modern Human Teeth: Dental Morphology and its Variation in Recent Human Populations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press;1997.
5. Vodanovic M, Dumancic J, Demo Z, Mihelic D. Determination of Sex by Discriminant Function Analysis of Mandibles From two Croatian Archaeological Sites. Acta Stomatol Croatia.[Internet].2006[cited 2012,09,05];40(3):[about 15p].
Available from: www.asro.hr/index.php?id=150.
6. Ates M, Karaman F, Iscan MY, Erdem TL. Sexual differences in Turkish dentition. Leg Med. 2006;8:288–92.
7. Kaushal S, Patnaik VVG, Sood V, Agnihotri G. Sex determination in North Indians using Mandibular Canine Index. J Indian Acad Forensic Med 2004;26(2):45-9.
8. Slaus M, Strinovic D, Pecina-Slaus N, Brikic H, Balicevic D, Petrovecki V et al. Identification and analysis of human remains recovered from wells from the 1991 war in Croatia. Forensic Sci Int. 2007;171(1):37-43.
9. Blau S, Hill A, Briggs CA, Cordner SM. Missing persons-missing data: the need to collect antemortem dental records of missing persons. J Forensic Sci. 2006;51(2):386-89.
10. Dawidson I. The dental identification of the Swedish Tsunami victims in Thailand. Forensic Sci Int. 2007;169(1);S47-8.
11. Valenzuela A, Martin –de las Heras S, Marques T, Exposito N, Bohoyo JM. The application of dental methods of identification to human burn victims in a mass disaster. Int J Legal Med. 2000;113(4):236-39.
12. Martin –de las Heras S, Valenzuela A, Villanueva E, Marques T, Exposito N, Bohoyo J.M.Methods for identification of 28 burn victims following a 1996 bus accident in Spain. J Forensic Sci. 1999;44(2):428-31.
13. Bux R, Heidemann D, Enders M, Bratzke H. The value of examination aids in victim identification: A retrospective study of an airplane crash in Nepal in 2002. Forensic Sci Int. 2006;164:155-58.
14. Solheim T, Lorentsen M, Sundnes PK, Bang G, Bremnes L. The "Scandinavian Star" ferry disaster 1990 – a challenge to forensic odontology. Int J Legal Med. 1992;104(6):339-45.
15. Edgar HJ. Prediction of race using characteristics of dental morphology.
J Forensic Sci. 2005;50(2):269-73.
16. Jensen E, Kai-Jen Yen P, Moorrees CF, Thomsen SO. Mesiodistal crown diameters of the deciduous and permanent teeth in individuals.
J Dent Res. 1957:36(1):39-47.
17. Rodriguez FCD. Dental morphology and biological distances whitin a sonso pre-conquest population from Columbia. Int J Dental Anthropol. 2004;5:15-22.
18. Acharya AB, Mainali S. Sex discrimination potential of buccolingual and mesiodistal tooth dimensions. J Forensic Sci. 2008;53(4):790-92.
19. Prabhu S, Acharya AB. Odontometric sex assessment in Indians. Forensic Sci Int. 2009;192:129e1-5.
20. Moorrees CF, Reed RB. Correlations among crown diameters of human teeth. Arch Oral Biol. 1964;115:685-97.
9. / Signature of candidate
10 / Remarks of the guide
11 / Name & Designation of (in block letters)
11.1 Guide
11.2 Signature
11.3 Co-Guide (if any)
11.4 Signature
11.5 Head of Department
11.6 Signature / Dr. SUNIL.S.K
ASSO.Professor & HEAD,
department of forensic medicine & toxicology,
S.S.INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCE AND RESEARCH CENTRE.
DAVANGERE - 577 005.
Dr. RAJU.G.M. M.D.,
ASSO.PROFESSOR & HEAD,
DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE & TOXICOLOGY,
S.S.INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCE AND RESEARCH CENTRE.
DAVANGERE - 577 005.
12 / 12.1 Remarks of the
Chairman & Principal
12.2 Signature.
11