RAC-SCC Cluster E 019R-1 - Assignment 1 - Reference Table for Biopsychosocial Development

PHYSICAL
Young Children
0-5 years / Children
6-11 years / Adolescence
12-18 years / Early Adulthood
18-40 years / Middle Adulthood
40-65 years / Older Adults
65 years+
  • Rapid growth during first two years
  • Learn to walk alone around 9-17 months
  • Can lift head by self between 3 weeks – 4 months
/
  • Start to lose primary teeth
  • Draw more complex pictures as fine motor skills develop
/
  • Onset of puberty for boys around 13 years old
  • Changes in brain regulation of sleep
  • Rapid growth spurt for height and weight gain in girls and boys
/
  • Biological aging begins once body structure reaches maximum capacity and efficiency
  • Athletic skills requiring speed, strength, peak in the early twenties
/
  • Middle-age adults are at higher risk of eye problems such as glaucoma
  • Bone density declines in both sexes
  • Women start to enter menopause at the end of menstruation
/
  • Taste and odour sensitivity decline, making food less appealing
  • Touch sensitivity deteriorates, particularly in fingertips

Candidate Name: Date Submitted:

RAC-SCC Cluster E 019R-1 - Assignment 1 - Reference Table for Biopsychosocial Development

AFFECTIVE
Young Children
0-5 years / Children
6-11 years / Adolescence
12-18 years / Early Adulthood
18-40 years / Middle Adulthood
40-65 years / Older Adults
65 years +
  • Babies at birth show emotions of interest, distress, disgust and contentment
  • Develop more complex emotions in 2nd year including embarrassment, shame, guilt, envy, pride
  • Erikson:
/
  • Children begin to describe themselves in terms of their inner and enduring psychological attributes
  • Empathic responding increases
  • Erikson:
/
  • Feelings of relational self-worth, romantic appeal, and quality of close friendships important aspects of self-esteem development
  • Strongest determinants are relationships with peers, close friends and prospective romantic partners
  • Erikson:
/
  • Marriage in a variety of forms is universal and meets basic economic, emotional, sexual, social and child-raising needs
  • Most young adults have friends but have increasingly limited time to spend with them
  • Erikson:
/
  • Reassessment of relationships
  • Sense of self is more solid
  • Erikson:
/
  • Have more secure and complex self-concepts
  • Social interaction declines because of loss and death of friends and relatives
  • Decision to retire depends on affordability and health status
  • Erikson:

RAC-SCC Cluster E 019R-1 - Assignment 1 - Reference Table for Biopsychosocial Development

COGNITIVE
Young Children
0-5 years / Children
6-11 years / Adolescence
12-18 years / Early Adulthood
18-40 years / Middle Adulthood
40-65 years / Older Adults
65 years +
•At 3-4 years: actively seek information through why and how questions; attend to an activity for a 5-15 minutes; and show awareness of past and present
•4-5 year olds actively seek information and new experiences from people in their environment
•Piaget: /
  • Focused on learning the rules of society, school, games
  • Egocentric at this stage
  • Children in this stage have the ability to develop logical thought about an object, if they are able to manipulate it
•Piaget: /
  • Children can reason and abstract more than before
  • When faced with a complex problem, the adolescent speculates about all possible solutions before trying them out in the real world
•Piaget: /
  • Are able to make vocational choices
  • Pragmatic thought: use logic as a tool to solve problems
  • Piaget:
/
  • Speed of cognitive processing slows down with age
  • Reaction time slows down (performs less well on complex memory, reasoning and problem-solving tasks)
  • Piaget:
/
  • Individual differences in cognitive functioning are greater in late adulthood than at any other time in life
  • Decline in recalling temporal order of events

RAC-SCC Cluster E 019R-1 - Assignment 1 - Reference Table for Biopsychosocial Development

LANGUAGE & LEARNING
Young Children
0-5 years / Children
6-11 years / Adolescence
12-18 years / Early Adulthood
18-40 years / Middle Adulthood
40-65 years / Older Adults
65 years +
  • 10-13 months: pre-linguistic phase of language development
  • Become increasingly attuned to rhythms of language
  • Most 2-3 year-olds can join familiar words into phrases and point to common objects when they are named
/
  • Children’s language becomes increasingly complex grammatically
  • Begin using referential communication skills
/
  • Increasing metalinguistic awareness – an ability to think about language and to comment on its properties
  • Social language skills become increasingly important
  • Adolescent dialect with peers often using jargon of slang
/
  • Increased use of sophisticated words
  • Increased ability to use metaphors and satire
/
  • Adults in middle adulthood are returning to college and universities in record numbers
  • Learning a new language at this age is more of a talent rather than an intelligence and may be a special ability like art or music
/
  • In late adulthood retrieving words from long-term memory and planning what to say and how to say it become more difficult
  • Age-related losses occur in two aspects of language: retrieving words from long-term memory, and planning what to say and how to say it

RAC-SCC Cluster E 019R-1 - Assignment 1 - Reference Table for Biopsychosocial Development

SEXUAL
Young Children
0-5 years / Children
6-11 years / Adolescence
12-18 years / Early Adulthood
18-40 years / Middle Adulthood
40-65 years / Older Adults
65 years +
  • Infants are in the oral stage of development as emphasis of action is on sucking.
  • 4-year olds explore and touch their private parts, and show them to others
  • Freud:
/
  • Latent stage of psychosexual development; energies are directed toward school and learning the rules of society
  • Puberty in girls starts at age 8; girls and boys at this age are often at different points in their sexual development
  • Freud:
/
  • Adolescence a time of great hormonal changes and body growth for both girls and boys. May lead to an increase in sex drive
  • Without knowledge or education, teenage pregnancy is a risk, as are STDs
  • Freud:
/
  • Quantity and motility of sperm decrease in men after 20, and quantity of semen diminishes after 40
  • With age, understand sexuality as connected to commitment and planning for the future
  • Freud:
/
  • Women enter into menopause in middle adulthood usually in early 50s
  • Sexuality which involves physical intimacy, sexual satisfaction, passion, romance, and closeness and love is important in middle age
/
  • Most older couples report continued regular sexual enjoyment, feel more emotionally connected to their partner
  • Sexual changes in vagina can shorten and narrow sexual function and pleasure