Quiz Chapter 14: Psychosocial Development in Early Adulthood (30 points)
Name______
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the alternative that best completes the statement or
answers the question.
1.The key to validation is
a.truth.
b.belief.
c.reciprocity.
d.knowledge.
2.Which of the following is true of cohabitation today?
a.Between 1990 and 2000 there was a 71% increase in the number of cohabiting couples.
b.During the 1970’s there was a significant increase in the number of cohabiting couples, but that trend has reversed itself.
c.To meet the strict definition of cohabitation, couples must not have children.
d.During the years from 1990 to 2000, couples were significantly more likely to marry rather than cohabit.
3.Which of Erikson’s stages applies to the adult between the ages of 18 and 25?
a.identity versus identity confusion
b.intimacy and solidarity versus isolation
c.generativity versus stagnation
d.integrity versus despair
4.Which of the following does not appear to be a risk factor for married couples?
a.high levels of drinking by one of the partners
b.the addition of children into the marriage
c.depression in the husband or wife
d.an unplanned pregnancy
5.Jacob has three wives and cohabitates with each for one week at a time. This type of marriage arrangement is called
a.monogamy.
b.polygamy.
c.polyandry.
d.group marriage.
6.Homosexual marriages do not enjoy legal status in most parts of the world, however, which of the following is true?
a.Some religions recognize homosexual unions.
b.Some states recognize homosexual unions.
c.Homosexual unions can provide individuals with an intimate and mature relationship.
d.All of the above are true.
7.Which of Levinson’s terms refers to the flow or unfolding of an individual’s life?
a.life cycle
b.life span
c.life course
d.life structure
8.Research by Brunstein (1996) indicates that when one partner provides social support related to the personal goals of the other partner, the result is
a.a building of resentment between partners.
b.an increase in marital conflict.
c.an increase in satisfaction with the relationship.
d.a lost sense of identity for the partner providing support.
9.What is Levinson’s life cycle?
a.the repeating patterns of dependence that occur throughout a life
b.the general pattern of adult development
c.the underlying patterns of a person’s life at a given time
d.the years from puberty through death
10.What were the findings of Kurdek (1998) when he compared heterosexual married couples to homosexual couples?
a.Homosexual relationships are less stable than heterosexual relationships.
b.Homosexual and heterosexual relationships were fairly similar on all variables measured.
c.Homosexual and heterosexual relationships had very little in common as based on the variables measured in the study.
d.Homosexual couples tend to be more loyal and less argumentative than heterosexual couples.
11.Which of Levinson’s terms refers to the times between eras, when people are in the process of changing their life direction?
a.structure change
b.cycle
c.transition
d.individuating
12.According to ______, most men experience a period of serious self-doubt at age 30 that generally results in some major life changes.
a.Erikson
b.Gould
c.Bly
d.Levinson
13.Erickson defines intimacy as including all of the following EXCEPT
a.mutuality of orgasm.
b.mutual trust.
c.mutual regulation of work.
d.marriage.
14.Every time Janet and Kent have a really bad argument, Janet flees from the house and drives to the park. She has noticed she is doing this more and more lately. According to Erikson, where is this pattern likely to lead?
a.to intimacy.
b.to individuation.
c.to isolation.
d.to solidarity.
15.Three components of ______are orientation, preference, and adaptation.
a.sexual identity
b.gender role
c.gender-role stereotypes
d.androgyny
16.When choosing someone to date or marry, men are more influenced than are women by
a.the person’s occupation.
b.the person’s physical appearance.
c.the person’s religious values.
d.the person’s education level.
17.According to the evolutionary perspective females generally take on the more cooperative role in the male-female relationship because
a.it is what they are taught in childhood.
b.they have been rewarded throughout history for being cooperative.
c.of neurochemical differences.
d.males are more powerful physically.
18.The recent trend of increased divorce rates can likely be attributed to all of the following EXCEPT
a.the liberalization of divorce laws.
b.the growing social acceptance of divorce.
c.the earlier age of first marriages.
d.the reduced cost of divorce.
19.According to gender-role researcher Sandra Bem, typical American roles are unhealthy, and we would be better off if we became more
a.egocentric.
b.ethnocentric.
c.androgynous.
d.empathetic.
20. In a 2001 study by Marshall and others, they noted that
a. Children who have an extended social network do not perform any better in school that those who do not have an extended social network.
b. Latinos and African Americans are more likely to involve friends and neighbors in their activities.
c. Middle-class European Americans are more likely to have extended family members living nearby or in the same house.
d. Children who have an extended social network tend to be happier than those who do not.
21.According to research, because women have a higher concentration of ______in their brain, they are more likely to seek a compromise rather than a confrontation.
a.oxcytocin
b.progesterone
c.estrogen
d.testosterone
22.Both men and women are concerned about a potential partner’s values and education, but women tend to place more emphasis on the person’s ______than men.
a.age
b.appearance
c.occupation
d.ethnicity
23.______refers to the individual’s desire to be one sex or the other.
a.Gender-role preference
b.Gender-role adaptation
c.Gender-role identity
d.Androgyny
24.Which of the following is NOT one of Sternberg’s components of love?
a.passion
b.commitment
c.intimacy
d.lust
25.The only type of sexual activity totally approved of by American society is
a.heterosexual intercourse.
b.intercourse between husband and wife.
c.intercourse between consenting adults.
d.intercourse between individuals in a committed relationship.
26.According to the Janus Report (1993), among divorced people, men list ______as the most common cause of divorce, and women list ______.
a.sexual problems; emotional problems
b.sexual problems; sexual problems
c.emotional problems; emotional problems
d.emotional problems; sexual problems
27.According to the text, which age group has sex most often?
a.young adults
b.adults over 55
c.middle-aged adults
d.teens
28.What is androgyny?
a.the midpoint between two poles of masculinity and femininity
b.an individual’s confidence about his or her sexual identity
c.social judgments pertaining to masculine and feminine behavior
d.a functional level of gender-role identification that contains both feminine and masculine qualities
29.Which of the following individuals proposed that there are seven forms of love?
a.Fromm
b.Sternberg
c.Perry
d.Maslow
30.What has been the trend for the average age of first marriages for males and females in the United States during the 20th century?
a.The average age of first marriages has been increasing steadily since the 20th century.
b.The average age of first marriages dropped until the 70s, after which it began rising again.
c.The average age of first marriages has been steadily decreasing since the 20th century.
d.The average age of first marriage rose steadily until mid-century and has since been declining.
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