Paper 2: Challenges in the human

Q1 Section A: Urban Issues and Challenges

London

Regeneration and Sustainability

Explain why an urban area in a major UK city you have studied needed regenerating.

a)Underline/circle the command word in the exam question above.

b)Name of major UK city: ______

c)Name of the urban area: Lower Lea Valley (regenerated into the Olympic Park)

d)Define the key terms in the question:

-______: the revival of old parts of a built-up area

e) Complete the table below using these choices:

People needed an opportunity to raise their standard of living (and quality of life). / Brownfield sites are ugly and can be dangerous with abandoned buildings falling down. / The infrastructure (railway line) was going to waste.
Lower Lea Valley before regeneration / Why was there a need for regeneration?
Land was badly contaminated as this area used to be one of the main industrial areas of London but many factories shut down and land was left derelict (abandoned).
Newham is one of the most deprived areas of London (see the table below)
There was a train station that used to transport the goods from the industries in the area but this was now derelict as most of the factories had shut down.

Explain how the features of a project in a major UK city has led to urban regeneration.

  1. Underline/circle the command word in the exam question above.
  2. Name of major UK city: ______
  3. Name of the urban regeneration project: The Olympic Park
  4. Choose from the following options to complete the table below:

The old industrial railway brownfield site is now tidied and decontaminated and locals can use the improved transport system. / Open to the public and local schools to improve their quality of life in terms of more healthy lifestyles. / Old industrial brownfield sites have been decontaminated and made intogreen space which is more attractive to locals and visitors (who bring disposable income to spend in the area – positive multiplier effect).
2800 homes for local people; half for private rent and half for affordable rent so local people can live in the area. A school for 1800 students (3 – 18 years old) means education is close by. / 5000 jobs have been created in the media and creative industries so people have more disposable income to spend in the local area (positive multiplier effect).
Feature of the Olympic Park / How it has helped regenerate the area
Here East is a new centre for media and other creative industries.
Queen Elizabeth Olympic Parkis the largest new park in London for over a century. It is 100 hectares of open space.
The Athletes’ Village used by olympians during the games is now known as East Village and is now populated by local people.
Stratford International Station
New sports centres (Olympic Stadium, The Aquatics Centre and Velopark)

Using an example you have studied, explain how urban living can be made more sustainable.

  1. Underline/circle the command word in the exam question above.
  2. Name of major UK city: ______
  3. Name of the urban regeneration project: BedZED
  4. Unscramble this key term:

-S U T S A I L A N B E A B U R N G I L V I N ______: living at the one planet level which means using renewable resources, being energy efficient, using public transport and producing as little air/water pollution as possible.

  1. How many planets worth of resources does an average European use? ______
  2. Put the following BedZED features into the correct place on the table below:

BedZED features:

Gardens on the roofs as well as at ground level. Biodiversity is high as they have 17 species of spiders in the ecosystem. / Meters at eye level – water usage has been reduced by 50%. / A Membrane Bio-Reactor (MBR) uses a range of filters on BedZED’s sewer water and adds chloride so it can be used for flushing toilets.
300mm (usually 50-75mm in normal buildings) of insulation means less heating needed. Demand has reduced by 90%. / Local building materials used and used reclaimed/recycled resources where possible. / Well connected – bus, tram, car club (shared set of cars you book out if you need one)
Solar voltaic panels which supply energy to charge up to 40 electric cars and for outside lighting. Remainder sent back to grid. / Natural daylight through large windows (they face south to gain the most light). / Meters at eye level – electricity demand reduced by 25%
Aerators on taps and smaller baths and dual flush toilets in all bathrooms. / Energy efficient lights in all buildings – electricity demand has reduced by 25%. / Compartmentalised recycling bins in the kitchens make it easy to recycle.
Plants (e.g. sedum) hold water which can be used later.

Sustainable urban living / Features seen at BedZED / e)Explain how each feature makes urban life more sustainable (Hint: use the idea of resources being used by us but still being available for future generations…..)
Water conservation
Energy conservation
Waste recycling
Creating green space / Reduces heat island effect and allows vegetation to take in CO₂ so less CO₂ gets into the atmosphere so less contribution to the enhanced greenhouse effect.

Explain how urban transport strategies are used to reduce traffic congestion in a major UK city.

  1. Underline/circle the command word in the exam question above.
  2. Name of major UK city: ______
  3. Define the key terms in the exam question above:

-______: plans to improve road/rail in towns/cities.

-______: when cars get slowed down on the roads and traffic jams occur.

  1. Complete the table below:

Description choices:

A network of cycle routes running from outer London into and across central London. There are cycle lanes to make it safer for people on bikes. / Cars have to pay £11.50 if they want to drive in central London (see the map). / A new east-west rail route across London, mostly underground.

How it reduces traffic congestion choices:

If more people cycle then there will be fewer cars on the road so there should be less traffic jams. / Journey times will be reduced and an extra 1.5 million people will be within a 45 minute train commute into London. This makes it more attractive to use the trains than cards so more people will use the train so less cars will be on the road so there should be less traffic jams. / It puts people off using their cars in the city. Traffic fell 15% leading to a 30% improvement in journey time.
The London Ambulance Service reports a tripling in survival rates from cardiac arrests; it attributes this to better machines and also lower traffic congestion.
Urban transport strategy in London / Description / How it reduces traffic congestion
Crossrail

Super cyclehighways

Congestion zone charge