Psychology, A Journey 3e Objectives Chapter 5
OBJECTIVE 5.1 – Define consciousness, wakingconsciousness, the first-person experience, and altered state of consciousness (ASC) and list causes of an ASC.
OBJECTIVE 5.2 – Describe the basic characteristics of sleep; what skills can be performed when asleep; sleep as a biological rhythm; the concept of microsleep; the symptoms of sleep deprivation and temporary sleep deprivation psychosis; hypersomnia in teenagers; the sleep patterns of short and long sleepers; and the relationship between age and sleep needs.
OBJECTIVE 5.3 – Explain what physiologically controls sleep; describe the characteristics of the four stages of sleep, including the different brain wave patterns in each; differentiate between the two basic states of sleep (REM and NREM); and describe the symptoms of REM behavior disorder and hypnopompic hallucinations.
OBJECTIVE 5.4—List factors that contribute to sleep problems in American society and describe the following sleep disturbances (Table 5.1): a. hypersomnia; b. narcolepsy; c. periodic limb movement syndrome; d. restless legs syndrome; e. sleep drunkenness; f. sleep terror disorder; and g. sleep-wake schedule disorder.
OBJECTIVE 5.5—Describe the three types of insomnia, what causes each type, the effectiveness of prescription and nonprescription sleeping pills, and the six behavioral remedies used to treat chronic insomnia.
OBJECTIVE 5.6– Describe sleepwalking and sleeptalking; differentiate between nightmares vs. night terrors; state three steps that can be used to eliminate nightmares; and discuss sleep apnea, its causes, its treatments, and its connection to SIDS, including the risk factors and preventative measures for SIDS.
OBJECTIVE 5.7 – Discuss REM sleep and dreaming, including when REM sleep was discovered, the average length and spacing of dreams per night, the research of William Dement, the causes and symptoms of REM rebound, and the functions of REM sleep.
OBJECTIVE 5.8 – Explain the current research on dream content, Freud’s psychodynamic dream theory, and the activation-synthesis hypothesis.
OBJECTIVE 5.9 – Define hypnosis and describe its history from Mesmer through its use today; discuss the state and the nonstate theories of hypnosis and the view of hypnosis as autosuggestion; describe how stage hypnotists perform their “acts”; and discuss how “true” hypnosis is conducted, including the basic suggestion effect, hypnotic susceptibility, and what can and canot be achieved with hypnosis.
OBJECTIVE 5.10 – Describe the two major forms of meditation and their benefits; explain the relaxation response; and discuss sensory deprivation and the beneficial uses of sensory restriction (REST).
OBJECTIVE 5.11 – Define the term psychoactive drug; describe how various drugs affect the nervous system; and differentiate physical dependence from psychological dependence.
OBJECTIVE 5.12 – Discuss the medical uses (if any), symptoms of abuse, organic damage potential, withdrawal symptoms, and treatment options for: a. amphetamines; b. cocaine; c. MDMA (ecstasy); d. caffeine; e. nicotine. f. barbiturates; g. GHB; h. tranquilizers (include the concept of drug interaction); i. alcohol; and j. hallucinogens (including marijuana) and explain why drug abuse is such a common problem.
OBJECTIVE 5.13 – Explain the procedure for “catching a dream”; the effect that various drugs have on REM sleep; how Freud, Hall, Cartwright, and Perls analyzed dreams, including Freud’s four dream processes; how dreams can be used to improve creativity; and lucid dreaming.