Psychology 2301 Final Exam Review

Use this as a guideline along with your text and notes in preparation for the final exam

Introduction and Research Methods

What is the best definition of psychology?

What is a hypothesis?

What is the difference between Population and Sample? What makes a sample “representative” of the population?

What is the goal of correlational research? How can you determine if the correlation is “strong?”

What type of research seeks to prove causation? How can it prove causation?

What is the difference between Independent Variable and Dependent Variable?

What biases exist in research? What is the solution to these biases?

What are the basic beliefs of the following perspectives of psychology:

Evolutionary

Cognitive

Biopsychology

Developmental

Behavioral

Humanistic

Psychodynamic/Psychoanalytic

What can the following psychology professionals do:

Psychologist (aka Applied Psychologist)

Psychiatrist

Licensed Professional Counselor

Biological Foundations and Neuroscience

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

4 Lobes of the brain

Frontal Lobe

Parietal Lobe

Temporal Lobe

Occipital Lobe

What is the Corpus Callosum?

What is the neuron’s purpose?

Parts of neuron

Soma

Nucleus

Dendrites

Axon

Myelin Sheath

Synapse

What is a Neurotransmitter?

What are the functions of the following NTs?

Serotonin

Dopamine

Endorphins

Sensation & Perception

What is the definition of Sensation?

Perception?

Explain:

Absolute threshold

Sensory adaptation

Difference threshold

Transduction

Know the basic structures of the eye

States of Consciousness

Define Circadian Rhythm

Sleep Stages/Cycle:

Lighter Sleep = Stage 1

Stage 2

Deepest Sleep = Stages 3 & 4 (Delta Sleep)

Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep

Sleep disorders (explain symptoms and potential causes)

Insomnia

Narcolepsy

Sleep Apnea

Define the following terms:

Tolerance

Withdrawal

Addiction

Dependence

Learning

What is the definition of Learning

Define Classical Conditioning:

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)

Unconditioned Response (UCR)

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

Conditioned Response (CR)

Explain steps of Systematic Desensitization

Define Operant Conditioning:

What is Reinforcement?

Explain the 2 types of reinforcement?

What is Punishment?

Explain Albert Bandura’s Bobo Doll experiment and Observational Learning Theory

Memory

Define the 3 memory features:

-Encoding

-Storage

-Retrieval

Explain the length and “job” of the following types of storage

Sensory Memory

Short Term Memory

Long Term Memory

Explain the difference between:

Retrieval

Recall

What is Repression?

What is eye witness testimony and what are the concerns involved with it?

Explain the following types of amnesia:

Retrograde Amnesia

Anterograde Amnesia

Dissociative Amnesia

Define the following types of memory:

Declarative memory

Semantic memory

Procedural memory

Thinking & Intelligence

What is average IQ?

Explain Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence

Explain Gardner’s multiple intelligences theory

What is a heuristic?

What is an algorithm?

What is functional fixedness?

What is mental set?

What are the criteria for intellectual disability (formerly mental retardation)?

Explain Inductive Reasoning

Deductive Reasoning

Life Span Development

What is a Zygote

Embryo

Fetus

What was the main idea of Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory of development?

What are the 8 stages of Erikson’s theory/ what is going on at each stage?

Motivation & Emotion

Explain the Drive reduction theory and Goal of it

Explain the difference between

-Intrinsic Motivation

-Extrinsic Motivation

Explain Maslow’s hierarchy of basic needs(order of the needs)

Explain the Optimal Level of Arousal Theory

Describe the stages of Human Sexual Response Pattern

Explain the symptoms of:

Anorexia Nervosa

Bulimia

Define Emotion (4 part process)

Identify the basic, universal emotions?

Stress

Define Stress and Stressor

What is the difference between chronic and acute stress?

Explain Type A behavior pattern (why is this pattern unhealthy?)

Type B behavior pattern

Explain the General Adaptation Syndrome and the 3 steps

Explain Fight or Flight response to stressors

Define/Explain the 3 conflict styles:

approach/approach

avoidance/avoidance

approach avoidance

Define Catharsis

Personality

Define Personality

Explain Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of development (in order)

Explain Carl Jung’s archetypes (define)

Collective Unconscious

Explain the identified qualities a therapist needs according to Carl Rogers

What is the goal of Psychoanalysis?

Describe the 3 commonly used personality tests

Explain the Big 5 Factors Personality Theory (OCEAN)

Explain Freud’s 3 parts of personality (Id, Superego, and Ego)

Explain different ego defense mechanisms

Psychological Disorders

What does the DSM stand for and what is it used for?

Define Hallucination

Define Delusion

Explain symptoms of OCD

Define: Obsession

Compulsion

What are the main mood disorders you learned about and symptoms within them?

What are the main anxiety disorders you learned about and symptoms within them?

What are the main definitions of Schizophrenia?

Therapies

Explain/Define

Cognitive Therapy

Client-Centered therapy

Health Psychology

Social Psychology

Define prejudice and discrimination. What is the difference between the two?

Explain Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love