Protists Are Often Labeled According to Their Ecological Roles, Which Occur in Three Major

Protists are eukaryotes that are not classified in the plant, animal, or fungi kingdoms. They were the Earth’s first eukaryotes!

Abundant in ______environment

There size is ______.

Protists are often labeled according to their ecological roles, which occur in three major types:

1. 

3. 

Protists can be informally labeled according to diverse habitats. There different habitats influence protest structure and size.

2. 

Protists can be informally labeled according to their type of motility.

1.  Flagellates- use _____

2.  Ciliates- use ______

3.  Amoebae- use ______

7 Eukaryotic Supergroups!!!!!

1st Supergroup: Excavata-

1. Named for a feeding groove “excavated into the cells as an adaptation that allowed these organisms to ingest small particles of food in aquatic environments. This is called ______.
2. This in turn leads to ______. A symbiotic association which a smaller species lives within the body of a larger species.
3. Two equal sized _____ and multiply ______

***Make notecards that describe Metamonads, Euglenoids, and Kinetoplastids. These are the three kingdoms of the supergroup Excavata. (pg 569 of book and notes from class)

2nd Supergroup: Land Plants and Related Algae

a.  Two main kingdoms _____ algae and ______algae

b.  Both are ______and contain same plastids as ______

c.  One lacks flagella. One has flagella. Which is which?

3rd Supergroup: Alveolata

a.  3 kingdoms

1. Ciliates-

1. Apicomplexans-

1. Dinoflagellates-

4th Supergroup: Stramenophila

a.  Have _____ flagella

b.  3 kingdoms

1. Diatoms
2. Stramenophila- marine “seeweeds”
3. Fungus-like protists

5th Supergroup: Rhizaria

a.  Hair-like extensions of their cytoplasm known as ______2 kingdoms covered in class

1. Foraminiferans
2. Radiolarians

6th Supergroup: Amoebozoa

a.  Lobe-shaped, rather than hair-like pseudopodia

b.  3 kingdoms

1. Entamoebas- parasite of verterbrates and inverterbrates
2. Slime molds
3. Gymnamoebas

7th Supergroup: Opisthokonta

a.  Single posterior flagellum on swimming cells

***Make notecards to distinguish phagotrophs, osmotrophs, photoautrophs, mixotrophs

Closing Question:

Pop Quiz:

1.  Which of the following features is common to prokartotic cells?

1. Mitcondria
2. Nucleus
3. Mitotic spindle fibers
4. Plasma membrane

2.  The Gram Stain is a procedure that microbiologists use to

1. Determine if a bacterial strain is a pathogen
2. Determine if a bacterial sample can break down oil
3. Infer the structure of a bacterial cell wall and bacterial response to antibiotic
4. Count bacteria in medical or environmental samples

3.  Place the following steps in correct order, according to Koch’s Postulate

1. Determine if pure cultures of bacteria cause disease symptoms when introduces to a healthy host.
2. Determine if disease symptoms correlate with presence of a suspected pathogen.
3. Isolate the suspected pathogen and free it in pure culture, free of other possible pathogens.
4. Attempt to isolate pathogens from a second-infected host

Answer: 4,1,2,3

4.  Cyanobacteria play what ecological role?

1. Producers
2. Consumers
3. Decomposer
4. Parasites

5.  The Structure that enables some Gram Postive Bacteria to remain dormate for extremely long periods of time are know as

1. Akinetes
2. Endospores
3. Biofilms
4. Adam’s lipopolysaccharide sleeping envelope

6.  How do various types of bacteria move?

1. Use of flagella
2. Use of pili, which help cells twitch or glide along a surface
3. Use of gas vesicles to regulate buoyancy in water bodies
4. All the above