Proposed changes for Division 01- FOOD AND NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES:
- Separate poultry from meat;
Comments from the EU countries:
In the ECOICOP this separation is already made at 5 digit's level and this is the preferred approach. Meat is subdivided in Beef and veal, Pork, Lamb and Goat, Poultry, Other meats, Edible offal, Dried, salted or smoked meatand Other meat preparations.
One possible inconsistency of this approach is that the separation by type of meat (animal) is only done for fresh, chilled or frozen meat. Dried, salted or smoked meat and other meat preparations cover all types of meats.
Comments from the TSG
- Split bread, meat, fruits and vegetables according to the step of transformation (fresh/frozen and otherwise prepared and preserved);
Comments from the EU countries:
This separation is already made for fruits, vegetables, meat and fish in ECOICOP at 5 digit's level. For bread this separation was considered less relevant.
The separation is considered relevant but it should be made at 5 digit's to preserve the comparability in time at 4 digit's level.
For the moment ECOICOP presents a separation into 1) Fresh or chilled, 2) Frozen and 3) Dried or other preserved or processed for fruits, vegetables and fish but this couldn't be done for meat because from on hand it was privileged to have a breakdown by type of meat and from the other hand it was impossible to split it by animal and step of transformation.
Comments from the TSG
- Separate processed and unprocessed food;
Comments from the EU countries:
This proposal was not welcome because:
- This is not a separation by purpose and implies the reclassification of all food products
- There is no need to separate processed and unprocessed food. Further extension of the classification will cause more errors and above all discourage respondents to participate in the surveys. An exception should be fruits and vegetables.
- Exact definition of “processed” is often not totally clear. Processed food can range from minimal processing (eg. Bagged salads) to more complex preparations (juices fortified with vitamins or other nutrients).
- The definitions of processed and unprocessed are different in each country.
Comments from the TSG
- Separate "healthy" products such as soya, tofu, etc., diet products;
Comments from the EU countries:
This proposal was not welcome because:
- Definition of “healthy” or “diet” products is not clear enough – especially not at world level.
-It’s questionable whether soya and tofu are really “healthy” (genetically modified soya, long manufacturing process for tofu).
-The opinions of what is “healthy” change over time.
- Don't have enough spend
- Diet products should be classified within their definition category i.e. Light yogurt in 'Yogurt' category, soya and tofu would be classed together
- Many products are a combination of different ingredients therefore it would be difficult to assess what should be included among “healthy” and "diet" products.
Vegetarian soya products should be classified on 01.1.7 Vegetables, separated by the other vegetarian products (it could be done at the 5th digit level). Diet products, which are classified in 01.1.9 Food products n.e.c., could be separated at the 5th digit level (as in ECOICOP).
Comments from the TSG
- Move Crisps from 1.1.7 to 1.1.9;
Comments from the EU countries:
This proposal was not welcome because:
- According to the main ingredient criterion, they should be classified in 0.1.1.7. Crisps are made from vegetables (potatoes, beetroot, parnips,…) or fruits (bananas, apples, ananas,…)
- The reason for the change is unclear
Comments from the TSG
- Separate Milk, cheese and eggs
Comments from the EU countries:
There is a general agreement to do the separation at 5 digit's level. This is already the case in ECOICOP.
Comments from the TSG
- Have a separated class for potatoes (and perhaps also other big consumption food products like rice)
Potatoes and rice are already identified separately in ECOICOP at 5 digit's level.
Comments from the TSG
- Have a separated class for other products, e.g. rice, maize, wheat, barley;
Comments from the EU countries:
Rice is already identified separately in ECOICOP at 5 digit's level.
It would be important to analyse the consumption of cereals at world-wide level to check if it would be justified to identify other cereals separately at a 5 digit's level
Comments from the TSG
- Create a separate class for Ready-made meals
The industry of ready-made meals bought to be consumed at home or at the work place has developed since COICOP was created. For the moment there are a lot of blur zones in the Food Division where ready-made meals overlap with other existent classes:
Some examples are:
- 01.1.1 Bread and cereals includes farinaceous-based products prepared with meat, fish, seafood, cheese, vegetables or fruit and also pies, quiches or pizzas
- 01.1.2 Meat includes meats dishes like meat pies
- 01.1.3 Fish and seafood includes fish and seafood-based preparations like fish pies
Long discussions took place on where to classify dumplings, filled pancakes with fish or meat, salads with meat or cheese, Couscous and what quantity of rice or meat a dish of rice with meat should have to be considered 01.1.1 or 01.1.3.
The definition of ready-made meals is an issue and raises questions like if a sandwich or a salad is a ready-made meal or if frozen or canned dishes should be included. Finally the definition of meal is also an issue.
Comments from the TSG
- Create class for Snacks (chips, nachos)
Comments from the EU countries:
Although snacks are consumed for a clear purpose their composition is very heterogeneous (can be made of meat, potatoes, vegetables, flour, chocolate…) and it is difficult to define a clear-cut category. They could be identified in a 5 digit sub-class or according to the main ingredient.
Comments from the TSG
- Create class for Vegetarian food based on wheat or soya
Comments from the EU countries:
It’s difficult to define vegetarian food (or even vegan food). And vegetarian do not eat only wheat or soya.
Food based on wheat should be considered as cereal preparations in 01.1.1. “Bread and cereals” and soya based food in 01.1.7 “vegetables” as vegetable-based products.
There are nevertheless more and more supermarkets with dietary sections and COICOP should provide clear guidance on where to classify these products.
Comments from the TSG
New proposals:
Shall COICOP somehow show a difference between Organic/Bio products and the non-Organic/Bio? There are differences in prices that could justify a new breakdown.
Comments from the TSG
Clarify the classification of pork feet, head and tail, chicken feet and other similar edible parts of meat which are not edible offal.
Comments from the TSG
Annex 1 ECOICOP Division 1 – FOOD AND NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES Structure, explanatory notes and case laws
01.1 - Food
The food products classified here are those purchased for consumption at home.
Excludes:
- food products sold for immediate consumption away from the home by hotels, restaurants, cafés,
bars, kiosks, street vendors, automatic vending machines, etc. (11.1.1)
- cooked dishes prepared by restaurants for consumption off their premises (11.1.1)
- cooked dishes prepared by catering contractors whether collected by the customer or delivered to
the customer's home (11.1.1)
- products sold specifically as pet foods (09.3.4)
01.1.1 - Bread and cereals
Includes:
- rice in all forms
- maize, wheat, barley, oats, rye and other cereals in the form of grain, flour or meal
- bread and other bakery products (crisp bread, rusks, toasted bread, biscuits, gingerbread, wafers,
waffles, crumpets, muffins, croissants, cakes, tarts, pies, quiches, pizzas, etc.)
- mixes and doughs for the preparation of bakery products
- pasta products in all forms
- couscous
- cereal preparations (cornflakes, oatflakes, etc.) and other cereal products (malt, malt flour, malt
extract, potato starch, tapioca, sago and other starches)
Also includes:
- farinaceous-based products prepared with meat, fish, seafood, cheese, vegetables or fruit
Excludes:
- meat pies (01.1.2)
- fish pies (01.1.3)
- sweetcorn (01.1.7)
Caselaw:
Includes vegetarian wheat products
01.1.1.1 Rice
Includes:
- rice in all forms, including rice prepared with meat, fish, seafood or vegetables (if rice represents
the most important part)
Excludes:
- rice flour (01.1.1.2)
01.1.1.2 Flours and other cereals
Includes:
- maize, wheat, barley, oats, rye and other cereals in the form of grain, flour or meal
- rice flour
01.1.1.3 Bread
Includes:
- bread and bread rolls
01.1.1.4 Other bakery products
Includes:
- crisp bread, rusks, toasted bread, biscuits, gingerbread, wafers, waffles, crumpets, muffins,
croissants, cakes, tarts, sweet pies
Excludes:
- meat pies (01.1.2.8)
- fish pies (01.1.3.6)
01.1.1.5 Pizza and quiche
Includes:
- farinaceous-based (flour based) products prepared with meat, fish, seafood, cheese, vegetables or
fruit
Excludes:
- meat pies (01.1.2.8)
- fish pies (01.1.3.6)
Caselaw:
Includes:
- pizza-like rolls, onion filled rolls, or buns with salty or sweet stuffing
- filled pancakes, except for pancakes filled with meat (1.1.2.8) or fish (1.1.3.6).
01.1.1.6 Pasta products and couscous
Includes:
- ravioli, cannelloni, lasagne etc.
- pasta products in allforms
- couscous, including prepared dishes made basically of pasta or couscous
01.1.1.7 Breakfast cereals
Includes:
- cornflakes, oatflakes, muesli etc.
01.1.1.8 Other cereal products
Includes:
- mixes and doughs for the preparation of bakery products
- other cereal products (malt, malt flour, malt extract, potato starch, tapioca, sago and other starches)
Caselaw:
Includes vegetarian wheat products
01.1.2 - Meat
Includes:
- fresh, chilled or frozen meat of:
• bovine animals, swine, sheep and goat
• horse, mule, donkey, camel and the like
• poultry (chicken, duck, goose, turkey, guinea fowl)
• hare, rabbit and game (antelope, deer, boar, pheasant, grouse, pigeon, quail, etc.)
- fresh, chilled or frozen edible offal
- dried, salted or smoked meat and edible offal (sausages, salami, bacon, ham, pâté, etc.)
- other preserved or processed meat and meat-based preparations (canned meat, meat extracts, meat
juices, meat pies, etc.)
Also includes:
- meat and edible offal of marine mammals (seals, walruses, whales, etc.) and exotic animals
(kangaroo, ostrich, alligator, etc.)
- animals and poultry purchased live for consumption as food
Excludes:
- land and sea snails (01.1.3)
- lard and other edible animal fats (01.1.5)
- soups, broths and stocks containing meat (01.1.9)
01.1.2.1 Beef and veal
Includes:
- fresh, chilled or frozen meat of bovine animals
- cow or veal purchased live for consumption as food
Also includes:
- minced meat made of beef or veal
01.1.2.2 Pork
Includes:
- fresh, chilled or frozen meat of swine
- pork purchased live for consumption as food
Also includes:
- minced meat made of pork
Caselaw:
Includes pork feet, head and tail
01.1.2.3 Lamb and goat
Includes:
- fresh, chilled or frozen meat of sheep and goat
- lamb and goat purchased live for consumption as food
Also includes:
- minced meat made of lamb and goat
01.1.2.4 Poultry
Includes:
- fresh, chilled or frozen meat of poultry (chicken, duck, goose, turkey, guinea fowl etc.)
- poultry purchased live for consumption as food
Also includes:
- minced meat made of poultry
Caselaw:
Includes chicken feet
01.1.2.5 Other meats
Includes fresh, chilled or frozen meat of:
- horse, mule, donkey, camel and the like
- hare, rabbit and game (antelope, deer, boar, pheasant, grouse, pigeon, quail, etc.)
- meat of marine mammals (seals, walruses, whales, etc.) and exotic animals (kangaroo, ostrich,
alligator, etc.)
- animals purchased live for consumption as food
01.1.2.6 Edible offal
Includes:
- fresh, chilled, smoked or frozen edible offal
01.1.2.7 Dried, salted or smoked meat
Includes:
- dried, salted or smoked meat (sausages, salami, bacon, ham, etc.)
01.1.2.8 Other meat preparations
Includes:
- other preserved or processed meat and meat-based preparations (canned meat, meat extracts, meat
juices, meat pies, etc.)
- dumplings, filled pancakes with meat
- minced meat, raw or prepared if mixed meat from more than one kind of minced meat
- all kind of pâté, including liver pâté
Excludes:
- pizza and quiche (01.1.1.5)
Caselaw:
Includes grilled chickens (if purchased for consumption at home), breaded meat, liver sausage,
frozen meat snacks (meant to fry at home) such as croquettes and ‘frikandellen’.
01.1.3 - Fish and seafood
Includes:
- fresh, chilled or frozen fish
- fresh, chilled or frozen seafood (crustaceans, molluscs and other shellfish, sea snails)
- dried, smoked or salted fish and seafood
- other preserved or processed fish and seafood and fish and seafood-based preparations (canned fish
and seafood, caviar and other hard roes, fish pies, etc.)
Also includes:
- land crabs, land snails and frogs
- fish and seafood purchased live for consumption as food
Excludes:
- soups, broths and stocks containing fish and seafood (01.1.9)
01.1.3.1 Fresh or chilled fish
Includes:
- fresh or chilled fish
- fish purchased live for consumption as food
01.1.3.2 Frozen fish
Includes:
- frozen fish
01.1.3.3 Fresh or chilled seafood
Includes:
- fresh or chilled seafood (crustaceans, molluscs and other shellfish, sea snails)
- seafood purchased live for consumption as food
Also includes:
- land crabs, land snails and frogs
01.1.3.4 Frozen seafood
Includes:
- frozen seafood
01.1.3.5 Dried, smoked or salted fish and seafood
Includes:
- dried, smoked or salted fish and seafood
01.1.3.6 Other preserved or processed fish and seafood-based preparations
Includes:
- other preserved or processed fish and seafood and fish and seafood-based preparations (canned fish
and seafood, caviar and other hard roes, fish pies, battered fish, etc.)
- dumplings, filled pancakes with fish
Excludes:
- pizza and quiche containing fish and seafood (01.1.1.5)
- soups, broths and stocks containing fish and seafood (01.1.9.9)
01.1.4 - Milk, cheese and eggs
Includes:
- pasteurized or sterilized milk
- condensed, evaporated or powdered milk
- yoghurt, cream, milk-based desserts, milk-based beverages and other similar milk-based products
- cheese and curd
- eggs and egg products made wholly from eggs
Also includes:
- milk, cream and yoghurt containing sugar, cocoa, fruit or flavourings
- dairy products not based on milk such as soya milk
Excludes:
- butter and butter products (01.1.5)
01.1.4.1 Milk, whole, fresh
Includes:
- fresh, whole milk
- pasteurized or sterilized milk
Also includes:
- "ultra-pasteurized" or "UHT" milk
01.1.4.2 Milk, low fat, fresh
Includes:
- fresh, low fat milk
- pasteurized or sterilized milk
Also includes:
- "ultra-pasteurized" or "UHT" milk, semi-skimmed milk and skimmed milk
Caselaw:
Includes all milk with less than 3,5% fat
01.1.4.3 Milk, preserved
Includes:
- condensed, evaporated or powdered milk
01.1.4.4 Yoghurt
Includes:
- yoghurt containing or not sugar, cocoa, fruit or flavourings
01.1.4.5 Cheese and curd
Includes:
- hard, semi-hard, blue cheese, cottage cheese, mozzarella, "fromage blanc"
01.1.4.6 Other milk products
Includes:
- cream, milk-based desserts, milk-based beverages and other similar milk-based products
- dairy products not based on milk such as soya milk
Excludes:
- butter and butter products (01.1.5.1)
- soya based desserts (01.1.9.4)
Caselaw:
Includes buttermilk
01.1.4.7 Eggs
Includes:
- eggs and egg products made wholly from eggs
01.1.5 - Oils and fats
Includes:
- butter and butter products (butter oil, ghee, etc.)
- margarine (including diet margarine) and other vegetable fats (including peanut butter)
- edible oils (olive oil, corn oil, sunflower-seed oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, groundnut oil, walnut
oil, etc.)
- edible animal fats (lard, etc.)
Excludes:
- cod or halibut liver oil (06.1.1)
01.1.5.1 Butter
Includes:
- butter and butter products (butter oil, ghee, etc.)
01.1.5.2 Margarine and other vegetable fats
Includes:
- margarine (including diet margarine) and other vegetable fats (including peanut butter)
01.1.5.3 Olive oil
Includes:
- olive oil
01.1.5.4 Other edible oils
Includes:
- other edible oils (corn oil, sunflower-seed oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, groundnut oil, walnut
oil, etc.)
Excludes:
- cod or halibut liver oil (06.1.1.0)
01.1.5.5 Other edible animal fats
Includes:
- edible animal fats (lard, etc.)
01.1.6 - Fruit
Includes:
- fresh, chilled or frozen fruit
- dried fruit, fruit peel, fruit kernels, nuts and edible seeds
- preserved fruit and fruit-based products
- melons and water melons
Excludes:
- vegetables cultivated for their fruit such as aubergines, cucumbers and tomatoes (01.1.7)
- jams, marmalades, compotes, jellies, fruit purées and pastes (01.1.8)
- parts of plants preserved in sugar (01.1.8)
- fruit juices and syrups (01.2.2)
01.1.6.1 Fresh or chilled fruit
Includes:
- melons and water melons, berries
01.1.6.2 Frozen fruit
Includes:
- frozen fruit
- frozen berries
01.1.6.3 Dried fruit and nuts
Includes:
- dried fruit, fruit peel, fruit kernels
- nuts and edible seeds
- dry berries
01.1.6.4 Preserved fruit and fruit-based products
Includes:
- preserved fruit and fruit-based products
- dietary preparations and culinary ingredients based exclusively on fruit
- canned or tinned fruit
01.1.7 - Vegetables
Includes:
- fresh, chilled, frozen or dried vegetables cultivated for their leaves or stalks (asparagus, broccoli,
cauliflower, endives, fennel, spinach, etc.), for their fruit (aubergines, cucumbers, courgettes, green
peppers, pumpkins, tomatoes, etc.), and for their roots (beetroots, carrots, onions, parsnips, radishes,
turnips, etc.)
- fresh or chilled potatoes and other tuber vegetables (manioc, arrowroot, cassava, sweet potatoes,
etc.)
- preserved or processed vegetables and vegetable-based products