Projection 1 – ‘Mercator’ projection
In this figure, the ‘Mercator’ projection has been chosen centered on the ‘South Pole’.
Distance: Since the continents are stretched out the distance will change & become distorted.
Area: The area is distorted as well, thus the area will increase.
Shape: Compared to the unprojected figure (‘Longitude Latitude’ projection) centered Standard with 0 for East, North & Direction, Africa in this projection is distorted because it hasn’t retained its original shape. At the center, Antarctica has relatively no distortion, but at the top edges, Africa has been distorted the most.
Direction: The direction has changed in this projection, because the South Pole has been centered and the squares are distorted. Therefore, Europe will be facing the Northward direction.
Projection 2 – ‘Cylindrical Equal Area’ projection
In this figure, the ‘Cylindrical Equal Area’ projection has been chosen centered on the ‘South Pole’.
Distance: The only distance distortion is occurring in Africa and possibly on the sides of this projection map.
Area: The area hasn’t changed much.
Shape: The shape of the continents is still pretty much the same, except Africa. Africa’s shape is being distorted at the top edges. Antarctica, which is at the centre, is not distorted at all.
Direction: The direction of this projection is being distorted at the sides of the map, but not by much.
Projection 3 – ‘Cylindrical Equal Area’ projection
In this figure, the ‘Cylindrical Equal Area’ projection has been chosen centered on the ‘Pacific’.
Distance: There is not much difference with regards to the distance on this projection map. The continents remain the same & the only thing that is different is the rotation of the map.
Area: There is no or very little distortion in the area of this projection. The area of this projection seems to be quite normal.
Shape: The shapes of most of the continents are still the same; they are just inverted compared to the unprojected map (‘Longitude Latitude’ Projection & ‘Standard’ Centre).
Direction: No distortion with regards to direction because
Projection 4 – ‘Mollweide’ projection
In this figure, the ‘Mollweide’ projection has been chosen centered on the ‘South Pole’.
Distance: The distance has been distorted at the edges, because of the pull, as can be seen on this projection map.
Area: The area hasn’t distorted that much. The continents still has more or less the same shape.
Shape: Although, the shape of the continents hasn’t really been affected much, Africa has been stretched as one can see from the projection. Therefore, the distortion affected Africa the most with regards to the shape.
Direction: The direction has distorted to the sides. At the centre, the South Pole does not present much distortion.
Projection 5 – ‘Triangle Equal Area’ projection
In this figure, the ‘Triangle Equal Area’ projection has been chosen centered on the ‘Pacific’.
Distance: The distance is being distorted at the top of the triangle, because it is being pulled at the upward causing the continents to extend.
Area: Because the shape is distorted, it increases the area of the continents on the projection.
Shape: All continents are distorted because it is totally stretched out. The continents are being stretched to the top of the triangle. Obviously, this affects the shape of the continents on this projection.
Direction: In this projection, the direction is distorted mostly at the top of the triangle.
Projection 6 – ‘Azimuthal Distance’ projection
In this figure, the ‘Azimuthal Distance’ projection has been chosen centered on the ‘South Pole’.
Distance: Even though, at the centre there is not much distortion, but nearing the edges of this projection there is quite a bit of change in distance of the continents. Therefore, there is a distortion with regards to distance as well as an increase.
Area: The area of the continents is mostly distorted on the outer parts of the globe e.g. Europe is totally distorted, because it has considerably been stretched out. Antarctica (centre) & surrounding continents, on the other hand, does not present much distortion with regards to the area.
Shape: The shape of these continents in this projection has been distorted towards the outer perimeter. At the centre, there is not much distortion occurring, because the shape of Antarctica still seems unchanged.
Direction: Distortion does not present itself at the centre of this projection, but does at the outer parts (perimeter) because of the stretch of continents.
Projection 7 – ‘Heart Equal Area’ projection
In this figure, the ‘Heart Equal Area’ projection has been chosen centered on the ‘North Pole’.
Distance: The distance is not affected at the centre, but on the top edges as well as on the sides of this projection, it is clearly seen. Another place where distortion is present is at the bottom point of this projection.
Area: At the centre, the area has not been distorted much by this projection. Although, moving toward the outer perimeter, the area has increased.
Shape: The shape of the continents at the center has not been distorted much or not even at all, but on the outer parts of the projection, the shape is changing & thus distorted.
Direction: South America has been distorted with regards to direction. It seems that it is being pulled in the upward direction to the top left side. At the centre, there’s not much distortion for distance.
Projection 8 – ‘Bonne’ projection
In this figure, the ‘Bonne’ projection has been chosen centered on the ‘Pacific’.
Distance: The distance will present distortion at the bottom of this projection, because there seems to be a pull downward. Therefore, there will be an increase in distance.
Area: In the middle of the projection there is not much change or distortion, but at the edges (sides) & at the top & bottom, there has been an influence of distortion with regards to the area.
Shape: Antarctica’s shape is being stretched at the top. There is definitely distortion occurring at the top as well as the bottom of this projection, but not as much on top.
Direction: The direction is being distorted to the sides & at the bottom. It is being pulled at the top & at the bottom of this projection.
Projection 9 – ‘Baar Equal Area’ projection
In this figure, the ‘Baar Equal Area’ projection has been chosen centered on the ‘South Pole’.
Distance: The distance has been distorted at the sides & at the top edges, where Africa has been distorted the most with regard to distance.
Area: The area at the centre does not present much distortion, but at the edges there is a bit of distortion with regards to the area.
Shape: At the centre of this projection, there has been no or very little distortion. Although, at the edges of this projection, there has been a difference in shape. Therefore, a distortion with regards to shape of the continents has been displayed.
Direction: At the sides & at the top of this projection, the most distortion is displayed. The direction has changed – Africa has changed its position & moved next to Europe, instead of below it.
Projection 10 – ‘Sinusoidal’ projection
In this figure, the ‘Sinusoidal’ projection has been chosen centered on the ‘North Pole’.
Distance: Distance has been distorted at the edges of this projection as well as at the bottom. The continents have spread out, therefore distance increased.
Area: The area of this projection has been distorted at the sides & at the bottom because the continents have been stretched out. At the centre, there has been not much change in area. Therefore, the area has been distorted, but not much on this projection.
Shape: At the sides of this projection, the distortion occurs the most. At the centre, there not much or even no distortion with regards to the shape of the continents & the globe itself. South America is being stretched to the left hand side of the globe, but North America seems to have no distortion. Africa, on the other hand, displays much distortion because its shape does not portray its original shape.
Direction: The direction has been distorted at the sides of the projection. Also at the top & bottom, there is much distortion present.
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