RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, KARNATAKA

BANGALORE

ANEXURE – II

PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION

1 / Name of the candidate and
Address
(in block letters) / : / KRISHNA KUMAR.M.K
DEPT: OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE
NAVODAYA MEDICAL COLLEGE, RAICHUR
2 / Name of the institution / : / Navodaya medical College
Raichur.
3 / Course of study and subjects / : / M.D. Community Medicine. 3years
4 / Date of admission to the
course / : / 26th May 2008
5 / Title of the topic / : / Pulmonary Function in Automobile Repair Workers, Raichur urban area
6 / Brief Resume of Intended work
6.1 / Need for the study:
Automobile repair workers of the informal sector are exposed to dusts, chemicals and toxic substances which are harmful to health.
There are only very few studies conducted in India on automobile repair workers.
6.2 / Review of the Literature
A study conducted in Kolkota revealed that a significant number of automobile repair workers have some form of pulmonary function impairment, obstructive and/or restrictive1
It is been concluded in a study that the small auto body repair shop in an industry in which workers are exposed to hazardous amounts of airborne contaminants2.
In another study a high degree of prevalence of airway symptoms has been reported among autobody shop workers due in part to work related asthma3
From a study conducted in Taiwan, the findings suggest that restrictive and obstructive lung abnormalities ,and airway irritation symptoms are associated with spot and arc welding exposures 4
Metal fumes may cause direct toxic damage to the lungs and, by absorption to other organs5
A study conducted in Minnesota, concluded that there was an increase in abnormal pulmonary function in autobody workers6.
.
6.3 / Objectives of the study
1.  To study the occurrence of obstructive and restrictive pulmonary impairment among automobile repair workers.
2.  To compare the pulmonary function among smokers and nonsmokers in automobile repair workers.
7 / Materials and methods
7.1 / Source of data
The study will be carried out in all the automobile workshops in the Raichur urban area and all the automobile repair workers will be interviewed with a pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire.
7.2 / Methods of collection of data(including sampling procedure,
if any)
Sample:-
In the absence of representative data on the automobile workers since most of them are in the unorganized sector, an automobile workshop to workshop survey will be conducted and exact numbers will be found out. All the automobile repair workers in the Raichur urban area between the age group 20 and 40 who are males will be included in the study after informed consent.
Study design:-
A cross sectional study
Study period:-
One year. (1-12- 2008 to 30- 12- 2009) and is planned to extend if necessary.
Statistical analysis:-
Statistical tests like Chi - square test, Correlation and Regression equations or other appropriate tests will be used to analyze the data.
7 / Methodology:-
A automobile workshop to workshop survey will be done to enumerate the number of Automobile repair workers
After taking informed consent from them, they will be enrolled for the study.
Using the interview technique information will be collected in the pre-designed, pre-tested pro-forma by the research investigator
They will be interviewed with regard to demographic data, smoking habit and duration, duration of work, type of work, respiratory symptoms.
The pulmonary function tests viz. Forced Expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), Forced vital capacity (FVC), Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) per litre and FEV1/FVC ratio in percentage will be measured for each worker in sitting posture with Spirometer.
Three readings will be taken for each variable and the highest of the three recordings will be recorded for each of the parameters.
Inclusion criteria:-
1. Automobile repair workers who are working in this field at least for 1 year.
2. Male automobile repair workers between 20 and 40yrs of age.
Exclusion criteria:-
1.  Automobile repair workers who are not willing to participate in the study.
2.  Workers who were not working in this field since 1 year.
3.  Any Chronic lung disease diagnosed before the current job.
4.  Any history of Chronic Bronchial Asthma, Pulmonary T.B or naso-bronchial allergy.
5.  Any history of childhood asthma.
7 / 7.3 / Does the study require any investigation or intervention to be conducted on patients or other humans or animals? If so, please describe briefly.
Yes, PFT; already described in methodology
7.4 / Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution in case of 7.3?
Yes
8 / List of References
1. Chattopadhyay O, Pulmonary function in automobile repair workers
Indian Journal of Community Medicine.Vol.32,No.1,January 2007
2. Jaylock MA, Levin L. Health hazards in small automotive body repair shop. Annals of Occupational Hygiene,1984,28(I):19-29
3. Cullen MR, Redlich CA, Becckett WS, Weltmann B, Sparerj, Jackson G, Ruff T, Rubinstein E, Holden W. Feasibility study of respiratory questionnaire and peak flow recordings in autobody shop workers exposed to isocyanate-containing spray paint: Observations and limitations. Occupational Medicine, 1996, 46(3): 197-204.
4. Jiin- Chyuam John Luo, Kung Hung Hsu, Wu-Shiun Shen. Pulmonary function in abnormalities and airway irritation symptoms of metal fumes exposure on automobile spot welders. Am. J. Ind. Med 49:407-416.2006
5. Crofton and Douglas’s Respiratory diseases-2. Fifth edition, Page-1441.
6. Parker DL, V Valler K, Himrich B, Martinez A, Martin F. A cross sectional study of pulmonary function in autobody repair workers. American Journal of journal of public health, 1991, 81(6):768-771.
7. Miller A, Thornton JC, Warshah RH, Bernstien J, Selikoff I J, Teirstein AS:
Mean and instantaneous expiratory flows, FVC and FEV1: Prediction equations from a probability sample of Michigan, a large industrial state.
Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir 22. 589-597,1986
8. Fishwick D, Bradshaw L, Slater T, Curran A, Curran A, Pearce N,
Respiratory symptoms and lung function change in welders; are they associated with work place exposures? NZ Med J.2004 May 7; 117 (1193): U 872.
9. Ucgun I, Ozdemir N, Metintaş M, Metintaş S, Erginel S, Kolsuz M.
Prevalence of occupational asthma among automobile and furniture painters in the center of Eskisehir (Turkey): the effects of atopy and smoking habits on occupational asthma. Allergy.1998 Nov;53(11):1096-1100
10. Jindal, SK. Spirometry: Pitfalls and Interpretation. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci, 2001; 43(4): 1993.195.
11. Townsend M C, Lockey J E, Velez H. Spirometry in the Occupational setting. ACOEM position statement. American college of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
Journal of Occupational Med.01-Mar-2000;42(3):228 - 45
12. Maxcy- Rosnaeu- Last, Public Health and Preventive Medicine,
14th edition, Wallace, Page-585-586
9 / Signature of the candidate
10 / Remarks of the Guide
11 / 11.1 / Name and Designation
(in block letters)
Guide / Dr. M. B. FULARE. MD
PROFESSOR & HOD
DEPT: OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE
NAVODAYA MEDICAL COLLEGE, RAICHUR
11.2 / Signature
11.3 / Co-guide (if any)
11.4 / Signature
11.5 / Head of the Department / Dr. M. B. FULARE. MD
PROFESSOR & HOD
DEPT: OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE
NAVODAYA MEDICAL COLLEGE, RAICHUR
11.6 / Signature
12 / 12.1 / Remarks of the
Chairman and Principal
Signature