Professor: Hufford/BiedermanS.I. Leader: Stephanie Schneider

Biology 211 (2) Final Exam Study Guide

The following topics are the ones I find most important to elaborate on. Of course, it is better to know more than less, so I still recommend going through old worksheets and familiarizing yourself with topics that are not on this study guide. These are the topics I believe you should focus on first and most. The topics provided must be elaborated on, not simply defined. This study guide encapsulates the general ideas for your final.

Unit 1: Bacteria, Protists and Fungi

•Prokaryotes reproduce via ______

•Cyanobacteria are ______, meaning they get their carbon from C02 (atmosphere) and their energy from the sound

•Gram ______bacteria have thick peptidoglycan cell walls and are generally susceptible to penicillin

•Our current oxygen rich atmosphere was largely created by ______, such as stromatalites

•Chloroplasts (plastids) and mitochondria are organelles that are the result of ______

•Protists are considered ______because their phylogeny contains some, but not all, descendants of a single common ancestor

•Fungi are ______and decomposers

•______fungi provide nutrients in some cases water to their plant partners. In exchange, they get ______from the plants

•Fungi cell walls are made of ______

Unit 2: Animals

•The closest protist relative to animals is the ______

•An organism that exhibits cephalization typically is ______symmetrical

•______animals have higher energy needs

•Most animals contain one type of haploid cell: their ______

•Arthropods and nematodes belong to the ______, which shed their exoskeleton periodically

•Parasitic organisms typically have reduced ______systems, but increased reproductive effort

Unit 3: Plants & Viruses

•Lysogenic cycle

•Lytic cycle

•Aquatic to land plant adaptations and reasons for adaptations

•Three theories of virus origin

•Alteration of Generations

•Haploid/Diploid

•Sporophyte Gametophyte

•Primary producers

•RNA Viruses

•Timeline of land plants

•Nonvascular, vascular seedless, vascular seed—gymnosperms and angiosperm (Examples)

Unit 4: Genetics

•Mendel and experiments

•Mitosis (stages and offspring ploidy outcome)

•Meiosis (stages and offspring ploidy outcome)

•Pleiotropy

•Incomplete Dominance

•Codominance

•Sister chromatids

•Homologs

•Punnett Squares

•CDK and Cyclin

•Kinetochores

Unit 5: Evolution

•Fitness

•Fitness Trade-Off

•Four natural selection patterns

•Allopatric speciation

•Sympatric speciation

•Prezygotic Isolation

•Postzygotic Isolation

•Autopolyploidy

•Allopolyploidy

•Vicariance

•Four agents of evolution

•Founder effect

•Genetic bottleneck

Unit 6: Ecology

•Carrying capacity

•Biomagnification

•Food chain and energy transfer

•Population growth graph shapes

•Circulation and weather patterns

•Diploid/Haplodiploid

•Four species to species interactions and subcategories

•Nitrogen cycle

•Growth rate

•Three types of population dispersion

•Niche

•Abiotic/Biotic factors

•Wallace Line

•Iowa’s Prairie

•Trophic levels

•Four reproductive strategies

•Net Primary Productivity

•Mimicry

•Survivorship curves

•Competitive exclusion principle

•Island biogeography

•Maximum growth rate (rmax)

Testmoz Practice

•Exam 1

•Link:

•Password: septa

•Exam 2

•Link:testmoz.com/569214

•Password: sponges

•Exam 3

•Link:testmoz.com/581391

•Password: capsid

•Exam 4

•Link:testmoz.com/591221

•Password: phenotype

•Exam 5

•Link:testmoz.com/604301

•No password

•Mini Quiz (Plants)

•Link: testmoz.com/577876

•Password: cuticle

•Mini Quiz (Mixed Sections)

•Link: testmoz.com/618606

•No password

Jeopardy Review

•Exam 1

•Link:

•Exam 2

•Link:

•Exam 3

•Link:

•Exam 4

•Link:

•Exam 5

•Link:

Vocabulary Practice

•Chapter 1:

•Chapter 29:

•Chapter 30/32:

•Chapter 31:

•Chapter 33:

•Chapter 12/13:

•Chapter 25:

•Chapter 26:

•Chapter 27: