CHARGED PARTICLE RADIATION
Prof. Evgeny Syresin(Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems)
10th semester, Lectures: 17 hours; Seminars: 17 hours
Aims of studying this discipline
To get
-insight into the nature of charged particle radiation in external electromagnetic fieldsand material media, methods of generation of this radiation and its use in experimental physics and other fields of science and technology;
-knowledge about basic classes of electronic instruments, in which charged particle radiation can be generated; their structure andprinciples of their operation; physical processes which take place when the instruments operate; their basic qualities and parameters;
-an ability to compare basic parameters and characteristics of electronic instruments of different classes, to choose instruments of a required type and provide a required operating regime of instruments for specific technical devices;
-experience in the application of acquired knowledge, abilities and skills to the development of electronic instruments, which generate charged particle radiation.
Tasks of studying this discipline
The task is to study structure and principles of operation, physical processes which serve as the basisfor the operation of charged particle radiation-generating machine, as well as basic qualities and parameters of apparatuses, which generate and/or use this radiation: deceleration X-ray radiation sources, electronic synchrotron accumulator, wigglers and ondulateurs; charge-particle counters, operating on the basis of Cherenkov radiation and transition radiation; free-electron lasers (FEL) – feedback lasers, lasers which operate in a self-energizing regime, free-electron rasers.
Disciplines, the knowledge of which is required for studying this discipline:
Physics. Laws of electromagnetic field, relativistic electrodynamics, nonrelativistic particle and charge radiation. Electromagnetic wave interference and diffraction. Laws of behaviour of relativistic charged particles in the electromagnetic field.Mathematical analysis, vector algebra, differential equations, Fourier transformations.Basic laser physics. Physical operating principles and structure.
Topics
1. Introduction. The nature of charged particle radiation. Nonrelativistic particle radiation. Dipole radiation. Multipole radiation. Lorentz transformations for electromagnetic field.
2. Deceleration radiation. Particle radiation at linear and lateral acceleration, basic characteristics of radiation: directional radiation pattern, radiation intensity, radiation spectrum, radiation polarization. X-ray deceleration and characteristic electron radiation.
3.Synchrotron radiation. Magnetic dipole radiation of an ultrarelativistic particle, length of formation, basic characteristics of radiation: directional radiation pattern, radiation intensity, radiation spectrum, radiation polarization. Radiation of bunch of particles; use of synchrotron radiation.
4 Generation of intense synchrotron radiation. wigglers (shifters) and ondulateurs. Basic characteristics of radiation in wigglers andondulateurs: directional radiation pattern, radiation intensity, radiation spectrum, radiation polarization, coherence of ondulateur radiation.
5. Cherenkov radiation. The history of discovery. Frank-Tamm theory. Radiation of a particle, moving with a superlight velocity in medium, basic characteristics of Cherenkov radiation: directional radiation pattern, radiation intensity, radiation spectrum, radiation polarization. Analogies in classical mechanics. Particle detectors, operating on the basis of Cherenkov radiation in particle physics.
6. Transition radiation: the nature of transition radiation (TR), the length of formation and basic characteristics of TR: directional radiation pattern, radiation intensity, radiation spectrum, radiation polarization, radiation in a shaped channel, TR on the border line between dielectric media, particle detectors on the basis of TR.
7. Particle radiation in crystals: Woolf-Bragg coherence condition, experimental observation of proton and ion radiation in crystals.
8. Free-electron lasers (FEL) with feedback: structure, basic characteristics, optical klystron, FEL “MARS”.
9. FEL in the regime of self-activation of spontaneous emission (“SASE”): structure, basic characteristics, FEL “FLASH” and “European X-Ray”.
10. Free electron rasers: gyrotron, flimatron–radiation generation pattern, basic characteristics.