ISSN2225-6067

ISBN978-3-9812704-5-7

1ar1ga1

dvancesingand

Media

hnology

Vol.XXXIX

N1lsEnlundMladenLovrecek

AdvancesinPrintingandMediaTechnology

Proceedings ofthe39th International ResearchConferenceofiarigai

Ljubljana, Slovenia,September2012

Published bytheInternationalAssociationofResearch OrganizationsfortheInfommtion,MediaandGraphicArtsindustries

Darmstadt,Germany2012

Co-edited byNilsEnlund,Helsinki,FinlandMladen Lovrecek,Zagreb, Croatia

ScientificCommittee

AnneBlayo(Grenoble)TimothysC.Claypole(Swansea)EdgarDorsam(Dannstadt)WolfgangFaigle(Stuttgart)PatrickGane(Espoo)

UlrikeHerzau-Gerhardt(Leipzig)

GorazdGolob(Ljubljana)JonYngveHardeberg(Gjevik)GunterHUbner(Stuttgart)MarieKaplanovaPardubice)JohnKettle(Espoo)

HelmutKipphan(Schwetzingen)

MarianneKlaman(Stockholm)YuriKuznetsov(St.Petersburg)MagnusLestelius(Karlstad)

UlfLindqvist(Espoo)

PatriceMangin(TroisRivieres)ErzsebetNovotny(Budapest)AnastasiosPolitis(Athens)AnuSeisto(Espoo)

JohanStenberg(Stockholm)

RenkeWilken(Munich)ScottWilliams(Rochester)

Thefactspublishedinthisbookareobtainedfromsourcesbelievedtobereliable.However,publisherscanacceptnolegalliabilityforthecontentsofpapers,norforanyinformationcontainedtherein,norforconclusionsdrawnbyanypartyfromit.

Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeansofelectronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwisewithoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher.

ISSN225-6067

ISBN978-3-9812704-5-7

PrintedinCroatiaby arodneNovine,Zagreb-October2012

IV

Introducing anewanaglyph method: compromiseanaglyph91

JureAhtik

Printing Braillewithinkjet97

ManfredSchar,UrsvanArx,FritzBircher,ReinholdKrause,PascalBernet,Karl-HeinzSelbmann

Understandinggraphic protection methods inprintproduction

BrankaMarieKolaric,IvanBudimir,JanaZiljakVujic

107

Accelerated lightagingofdigital prints

AkosBorbely,CsabaHorvath,Roz(i/iaSzentgyorgyvolgyi

117

Reproduction ofartpaintings withtheirstatus inthenearinfraredspectrum

JanaZiljakVujic,IvanaZiljakStanimirovic,AnaHoic

123

2.Deterrninators ofqualityinprintedproducts

Towards afullydigital computer-to-screenworkflow foranimprovedproductqualityandqualityassuranceinscreen printing

JankoJesenko,BojanPetek

131

Leanerandbetter.Howcanthesetuptimeandwasteatthesheet-fed pressesbereduced?

CsabaHorvath

Digitisationofoldprinted typeface

KlementinaMoiina,TanjaUrbane

139

145

Surface patterning offlexoplatesforimproved inktransfer

AnjaHamblyn,DavideDeganello,TimC.Claypole

153

Effectsofsolvents onflexographicprinting plates

AlexandraTheopold,JannNeumann,DanielMassfelder,EdgarDorsam

159

Permanent flexographicplatechanges through nipcontacts

DavidBeynon,TimC.Claypole

169

Inksplitting: Theinfluenceofstructured surfaces onthecontact angleintlexo printing

StefanGriesheimer,EdgarDorsam

175

Theinfluenceofengagementonthetlexographicprintingoffinelines

TimC.Claypole,GylnR.Davies,SimonM Hamblyn,DavidGalton,RichardHall

181

Effectoftlexographicpressparametersonthereproductionofcolour images

TimC.Claypole,EifionH.Jewell,DavidC.Bould

187

Developing alaboratory simulation oftailedgepick

EveliinaJutila,CathyJ.Ridgeway,PatrickA.C.Cane

195

Control ofthebreakup ofinkfilamentsinoffsetprinting

JamesClaypole,PhylipR.Williams,DavideDeganello

207

Hardness andelectric conductivityofcopper ingravureformproduction

ArminWeichmann,MallhiasGalus,TimWolber

213

Characterizationofgravure cellsusingconfocal microscopy

NilsBornemann,TimGuck,ThorstenBitsch,EdgarDorsam

221

ZILJAK-VUJICETAL.:REPRODUCTIONOFARTPAINTINGSWITHTHEIRSTATUSINTHE EARINFRAREDSPECTRUM 123

Reproductionofartpaintingswiththeirstatus

inthenearinfraredspectrum

JanaZiljak-Vujic1, IvanaZiljakStanimirovic2,AnaHoic3

ThePolytechnicofZagreb

Vrbik8,HR-10000Zagreb,Croatia

E-mail:

:FacultyofGraphic ArtZagreb

Getaldiceva2,HR-10000Zagreb,Croatia

E-mail:

3Museum Mimara, Zagreb

Rooseveltovtrg5,HR-10000Zagreb, Croatia

Abstract

Eachworkofarthasitsownspecificresponseintheinfraredspectrum.Anartist'spaintshavedifferentresponsecharacteristicsintheinfraredspectrum.Processinksinprintingreproductionalsohavedifferentpropertiesintheinfraredspectrum.TheinitialassertioninthispaperisthattheinfraredstatusofaworkofartcanbereproducedwithRGBICMYKIRseparation.Thetargetistohavethereproductionandtheoriginalworkbeequatedtotheutmostextentinthevisualandinfraredspectrum.Thisinitiatesdiscussiononthenecessitytoextend"conven­tionalcolormanagement"totherangeof400toI000nanometers.

TheRGBexperienceofreproductionextendsthezeroseparationruleswiththeadditionofZseparation.EachRGBpicturepixeliscalculatedintheCMYKconversionrespectingtheindependentpixelvalueintheZpicture.CMYKbecomemutuallydependentvaluesbutwiththegoalforcarbonKtobeclosesttotheZstatusoftheworkofart'sinfraredvalue.ChannelKacquiresanewmeaning.Itisaseparatepicture,thepictureobservedbytheinfraredcamera.Infutureartistswilldeliberatelypaintdoublepictures,oneforthevisualandtheotherfortheinfraredarea.Printersandgraphicdesignerswillfaceanewtask:tointerpretaworkofartinsuchawaythatthereproductionhasseparatestatesinthevisualandinfraredspectrum.

Keywords: infraredtechnology,artreproduction,CMYKJRseparation,Z valueof infrared,safetyinpainting,hiddenpainting.

1.Introduction

Letus name itas the Zstatus. We distinguishthe RGB image, the conventionallyscanned status for thevisual spectrum. The reproductionbyprinting proceduresisinto theCMY space,butwithout using UCR,GCRorUCA methods. Channel Kisempty, i.e.theseparation isin"non"conditions.

Wescan the infrared status of thepainting with aZRGB (Ziljak etal., 2011) camera. Separationwith anexternal pictureisproposed accordingtotheCMYKIR(Ziljak etal.,2010) theory thatwilldeterminetheco­verage inchannel K.The goal isreducing coverage inchannels C,M,Y with theZdataasthevalue ofthefutureKchannel.

TherequirementissetforchannelsC,M,andYthatthereproductionshould beofthesamequality asthatofconventionalgraphic separation.Channel K iscarried out with carbon black colorant because ithasares­ponse intheinfrared spectrum (Pap etal.,2010). Areproductionisobtained that haslightabsorptionintheformoftheZpicture,observed afterapplying theZRGB scanner.

Artists havenotbeenaware oftheirworks ofarthaving different states insomeother spectrum such as:theultraviolet,X-rays, gama orinfrared spectrum.The most highly estimated works ofartarestudied today inthesaidsunlight wavelengths.Artists didnothaveinstrumentstomeasure this.They wereveryfarfrom theideatotakeadvantageofcolorants inotherwavelengthsandtopaintadouble picture onpurpose. Thefutureofpainting artwillchange, aswellasthefuture ofreproductionphotography.Suchartistic andprinting acti­vitywasdemonstratedforthefirst time atIARlGAIinBudapest in2011:areproductionthatcontainstwodifferent states ofaworkofart;onethatisobserved bythehumaneyeandtheother byaninstrument intheinfrared spectrum.

124

Figure1a,b:Thepainting'svisualstatus(a)andinji·aredstatus(b-ZO)

2.CMYKIRseparationandreproductionofartisticworks

The near infrared status oftheoriginal wasplanned bytheartist Nada Ziljak. She forced out theinvisiblepicture, Figure 1b,hidden inpicture, Figure I a.Reproductionwithmerging ofthetwopictures wascarriedoutwiththeZRGB program. ReproductionwiththeCMYKIR (Ziljak etal.,2009) method resulted withthepicturethathasCMYKIRchannels -Figure2.

Figure2:ChannelsC,M,Y,andK,afterCMYKJRseparation

• '-VUJICETAL.:REPRODUCTIONOFARTPAINTINGSWITHTHEIRSTATUSINTHENEARINFRAREDSPECTRUM125

.'lR channeldiffersfromtheZ0 stateofthelRpicture.ThisisexplainedbythefactthatpaintingcolorsaredifferentinrespecttotheCMYKcolorantsforconventionalgraphicreproduction.Apainter'scolors"lOtcyan,magentaoryellow.Artistsusedozensofdifferentcolors,theymixthemfurthertoobtainmore

_ andtheydonotusescreeningtechnology.Thesecolorsarereproducedbytheprintingindustryusing

:.Yprintinginks,withthehelpofadditiveandsubtractivetechnology.C,M,andYprocessinksgene­

- donothavepositiveabsorbing properties inthenearinfraredspectrum.TheirZvalue(Ziljaketal.,

__ iszero.CarbonblackisalsousedinInfraredArtinterpretation.Itisacolorantthatacquiresanewmea­

=:ngraphicreproduction.Itbecomesthecarrieroftheinfraredcomponentoftheartist's originalworkof

KIR(Ziljaketal.2009)separationisapplied.Withthehelpofthistechnologyanendlessnumbere issimulatedonthepainting'scanvas.

earepaintingcolorsoflightshadesthathaveabsorption inZspace,andthosecolorsthatdonothavebaracteristicofabsorbinginfraredlight.

TableI:Paintingcolorsinthevisibleandinji·aredspec/rum

WINSORNEWTON,Harrow,Middlesex,GALERIACOLORS

ACRYLICLabRGB VS(0-28

Gray(%) VSZ(%) 1000nmIR

Ultramarin35,46,-93

Prussian1,0,0

,_147,59,23185

1199

BlueHue9,10,12

CobaltBlue27,39,-801132,48,187

DeepTurqueise22,-9,-25Iao.61,9090

+ 2,98,631178

OliveGreen

38,23,18

+

Silver83,-1,4

1,55,38-34

REEVES207,207'19932

BurntSienna39,46,38

Opaque

Burgundy27,36,13,40,509

artist mixed the colors in such a way that she obtained the same shades with the followingcteristics:firstly,theyalsohaveastrongresponseinthefirsthalfofthenearinfraredspectrumZ(800

:100nanometers),aswellasinthevisualspectrum(V;400to700nm),andsecondly:theyhaveastrong

-S?OnseonlyintheVandnotintheZarea.

Figure3.a,b:Portraitandacal,acriliconpaper,InksandcontrolofZfi'omTableI

:beartist hascreated a work ofart that has twodifferent stories. She has hidden partof her mtunate

_ otionsfromthepubliceye. Hercollection posedaquestion tographic andfiscal experts:canarepro­tionbemadethatcontains twopicturesinthesamewayastheoriginaldoes?Anyattemptatforgeryomesinfinitelydifficult,almost impossible.Suchanexpertshould paintthepictureobserved intheVce,butalsotheotherpicturethatisseeninZspace.Therefore,onlydualpaintingbecomes"securitypain­g",securedbythepainting'sauthor.

126 ADVANCESTNPRTNTTNG ANDMEDIATECHNOLOGY,VOL.XXXIX(2012),123-127

Figure4:VisualandZ(N!R)stateofartcolors

Thefinalreproduction (bymergingC,M,YandKchannels) isgoodqualityinterpretation oftheinitialpic­ture.TheCMYKIR separation requires precise knowledge ofthecolorsetting fordetermining whichcolo­rantswillbeusedforprinting thereproduction. InFigure2thechannelsareseparatedforSWOPcolorset­ting.Thismeansthatthereproduction willhidetheZpicturecompletely onlyifSWOP colorsareused.Ifothercolorantsareused,thehiddenZpicturewillshowthrough.CMYKIRseparation mustberepeatedforthem with parameters andthe mathematical modelfor printingconditions determined bytheother color­setting.ThealgorithmsforthedigitalXeikonprintinghavebeenpublished(Papeta!.,20I0),aswellasse­veralotheranalyticalCMYKIRseparationprocedures.

Checkingseparation resultscanbecarriedoutbytheconventionalprocedureofjoiningCMYKchannels inPhotoshop. Forchannels inFigure2itisnecessary toloadtheSWOP colorsetting. Ifthispicture istrans­posedintotheRGBstatus,thenonceagainintotheCMYKstatus,-thegraphicdisplayoftheZstatusdis­appears.

Thesecondexperiment inrespecttotheCMYKIRstatussensitivity ischecked byonlychanging thecolor­settinginthePhotoshopprogram.TheZseparationstatusbeginstoshowthrough.Itbecomesvisible.Also,awrongchoiceofprocessdyes,aninadequateprintingtechnologyandunplannedchoiceofsubstrate materialforcolorprintingbecomeevident.

Thegraphicproductiondualstatushasadeeperbackground inrespecttothegraphicproductsecurity.Prin­tings,especiallythoseonwrappingmaterial,acquirenewvalue.Theyarealsocheckedinanewmannerastoauthenticity. Zcamerashavebeendevelopedforthispurposeandtheycanrecognizetheinfraredcomponentofthesolarspectra.CheckingiscarriedoutindaytimeorunderartificiallightthathasatleastasmallpartoftheZcomponent.Ofcourse,allthisisalsopossiblewithcontrolsecuritycamerasinthenighttimerecordingmode:withcamerasthathavetheirownsourceofIRlight.

3.Conclusion

Wearesettinganewmethodforreproducing paintingsthatcontainstheoriginalpainting'sstatusbothintheVandtheZspectrum.Thebook,monograph,theexhibitioncatalogueacquirenewvalue.Theoriginalpaint­ing'sstatusinthenearinfraredspectrumhasbeenintroducedintothereproduction, togetherwiththestatusinthevisualwavelengthofcolorrecognition. WitheachcopyingofthegraphicprintwithVZstatuses,theZstatusdisappears.Thusanewmethodforsecuringgraphicreproductionhasbeenset.

ThepainterNadaZiljakcreatesapicturewiththetargetbeingadoublestatusofherworkofart;twodepen­dentpicturesthatareatthesametimeindependent.Theyarelinkedandseparated bytheircontents.Becauseofthisdouble meaning, printing reproduction isalsofacedwiththetasktohavetwoversions, twostories.Thereproduction willbeobserved intwoways,inthesamewayastheoriginal: withtheeyeandwiththecamera.

Reproduction inksmaybespotinks,suchasPantoninks,forexample.ForthemitisnecessarytomeasureZvaluesoflightabsorption at1000nm(Ziljaketa!.,2012).Theartistalsocarriesoutthisprocedureofmea­suringZvaluesforherartisticcolors.Thisisanewtargetinprintingcolorreproduction.

J.ZILJAK-VUJIC ETAL.:REPRODUCTIONOFARTPAINTINGSWITHTHEIRSTATUSI THENEARINFRAREDSPECTRUM127

References

Pap,K.,Ziljak,1.,Ziljak-Vujic,J.,ImageReproductionfornearinfraredspectrumandtheinfraredsigntheory.II

TheJournalofImagingScienceandTechnology.54(2010),I;I0502-I-10502-9

Ziljak,V.,Pap,K.,Ziljak,l,CMYKIRsecuritygraphicsseparationintheinfraredarea.IIInfraredPhysicsand

Technology.52(2009),2-3;62-69

Ziljak,V.,Pap,K.,Ziljak,1.,InfraredhiddenCMYKgraphics.IIImagingScienceJournal.58(20I0),I;20-27

Ziljak,V.,Pap,K.,Ziljak-Stanimirovic,I.,DevelopmentofaprototypeforZRGBinfraredsigndeviceII

TechnicalGazette.18(20II),2;153-159

Ziljak,V.,Pap,K.,Ziljak-Stanimirovic,1.,Ziljak-Vujic,J.,Managingdualcolorpropertieswiththez-parameterinthevisualandNIRspectrum.IIInfraredPhysicsTechnology.55(2012);326-336

------· ------