HIGH SCHOOL SPEECH CONTEST
R E S O U R C E M A T E R I A L S
FOR MULTI-DISTRICT USE
revised December 21, 2007
Prepared by: Dr. Donald Hayman, PDG Rotary District 7710, Chapel Hill, N.C.
To download this booklet, go to
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page Page
Preface to Eighth Edition i 4-14. Preoccupation with drugs 45
Rotary Announcement of 2003 RAD HS Speech Contest ii 4-15. Drug abuse among health professionals 46
Schedule for 2003 Rotary Against Drugs (RAD) Contest iii 4-16. Why do people stop taking drugs? 46
Rotary HS Speech Contest Scoring sheet & Rules iv 4-17. Who is less likely and more likely to abuse drugs 46
What Rotarians, Students, Teachers Say v-vi
Results of RAD Contest 2002 vii 5-00. What are the economic and social costs of drug
1-00. What is drug abuse? 1 and alcohol abuse? 47
1-01. Overview of some psychoactive substances 1 5-01. Economic costs of drukg and alcohol abuse 48
1-02. Drug abuse prevention 1 5-01.1 The premature loss of children and workers
1-03.Physical dependence 5 reduces the standard of living of all 48
1-04.Addiction 5 5-01.2 Costs of drugs in the work kplace 48
1-05.Who becomes addicted? 5 5-02. Drug related accidents affect the user and others 51
1-06.Alcoholism 6 5-03. Cost of crime, law enforcement, prosecution,
confinement, and supervision 51
2-00. Drug and alcohol abuse is a world problem 7 5-03.1. U. S. Government expenditures to control the use
2-01.U. S. residents are largest consumers of illegal drugs 8 of illicit drugs 51
2-02.Children don’t know how many children use drugs 9 5-03.2. Arrests 52
2-03.Drug abuse among U. S. adolescents 9 5-03.3. Prosecutions 52
2-04. Drug use by N. C. middle and high school students 11 5-03.4. Prison population 53
2-05. Drug use by high school seniors in 2000. 12 5-03.5. Drug abusers in city ;and county jails 53
2-06. What is sold like candy and will kill and 5-03.6. Convicted drug abusers under criminal justice
disable one out of two regular users? 13 supervision 53
2-07. Alcohol 13 5-04. Health costs 54
2-08. Alcohol abuse among college students 14 5-04.1. Next generation health costs 55
2-09. Marijuana 15 5-04.2. Treatment 55
2-10. Tobacco use among adults --abroad and in the U.S. 17 5-05. Drug abuse health costs in North Carolina 57
2-10.1. Cigarette smoking by adults in North Carolina 18 5-06. Cost of drugs in school 57
2-11. Cocaine and Heroin 18 5-07. Total cost of drug abuse 57
2-12. Cocaine addiction rates 19 5-08. Who bears the costs of alcohol and drug abuse? 59
2-13. Hallucinogens including LSD 19
2-14. Barbiturate/Sedatives. 19 6-00. Strategies for redukcing drug and alcohol abuse 60
2-15. Smokeless tobacco—snuff and chewing tobacco 19 6-01. Reduce demand 60
2-16.Inhalants 20 6-02. Reducing demand through education 61
2-17.Ecstacy 20 6-02.1. D.A.R.E. 61
2-18.Gender 21 6-02.2. Evaluation--drug education in the future? 62
2-19.Substance abuse by adult women 21 6-03. Parent education programs 63
2-20. Prescription drugs 22 6-04. Reducing demand—the 46 State/Big Tobacco
2-21. Drug use and higher education 23 settlement 64
6-05. The illegal sales to children gets them hooked 66
3-00. What do drugs do physiologically, psychologically 6-06. Three tobacco companies charged with
and to careers and communities? 24 continuing to target children 67
3-00.1. Physiological consequences—nutrition 24 6-07. U. S. Government stops subsidizing cigarettes
3-00.2. Physiological consequences---health 24 for military 69
3-00.3. Physiological consequences—deaths in 1998 25 6-08. Minimum ages for drinking and smoking 70
3-00.4. Second hand smoke 27 6-09. Restrictions on alcohol on N.C. colleges campuses 70
3-01. How do drugs affect users behavior? 27 6-10. Changes in N.C. alcohol laws 71
3-02. Psychiatric consequences 29 6-11. Limits and amounts spent on advertising 72
3-03. Educational consequences 30 6-12. Affect of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)
3-04. Employment 30 on non-smokers 72
3-05. Marriage, family, and divorce 31 6-13. Excise taxes 72
3-05.1. Dependence—induced neglect of job and others 31 6-14. N. C. taxes on cigarettes are third lowest in the U.S 74
3-06. Drug use, crime, and the community 32 6-15. Drug and alcohol abuse treatment in N. C. 75
3-07. The intoxicated are more likely to attacks others 33 6-15.1. Treatment for nicotine addiction 75
3-08. Crime and delinquency 33 6-15.2. Treatment of addicts and psychologically ill addicts 76
6-15.3. Alcoholics Anonymous 76
4-00. Why do children, students, and adults use 6-15.4. Additional treatment programs 77
drugs and alcohol? 35 6-16. Drug courts 79
4-01. What are the most frequent reasons students 6-17. States are reconsidering long mandatory sentences 80
give for using drugs? 35 6-18. Punitive measures 80
4-02. Peer pressure 36 6-19. N. C. Medical Association’s recommendations 80
4-03. Environment and heredity 37 6-20. “Just Say No.” 81
4-04. Physiological and psychological 38 6-21. Changes suggested to reduce demand 81
4-05. Schools 38 6-22. Reducing supply 82
4-06. Work 39 6-23. Destruction of drugs at source 83
4-07. Availability increases consumption 39 6-24. Interdiction and enforcing laws against raising or
4-08. Is there a gateway drug? 40 manufacturing outlawed drugs 84
4-09. Is tobacco the gateway drug? 40 6-25. Decriminalization 85
4-09.1. Is alcohol the gateway drug? 40 6-26. Legalization 90
4-10. Lowering legal drinking age increased accidents 41 6-26.1. Medical use of marijuana 91
4-11. Advertising alcoholic beverages 41 6-27. Summary of arguments for drug prohibition,
4-12. Advertising tobacco products/lying and deceit 43 decriminalization, and legalization 92
4-13. N.C. has been less aggressive restricting tobacco 44
TABLE OF CONTENT (continued)
Page Page
7-00. What are community groups doing to promote 9-00. Conclusions. 112
drug and alcohol abuse prevention? 93 9-01. Editor’s thoughts 112
7-01. What is drug and alcohol abuse prevention? 93 9-02. The Office of Technology Assessment’s Report for
7-02. What do we know about the drug and alcohol the U. S. Congress on Adolescent Health, 113
abuse problem in 2001? 93 9-03. Dr Avram Ggoldstein and Harold Kalant. 114
7-03. Research suggests some drug education programs 9-04. Dr Joy Dryfoos, Cornell University 116
are more successful—“Kids Listen to Kids” 93 9-05. Charlottesville, VA Task Force on Drug Abuse
7-04. Student Tobacco Alcohol Resource Team (START) 97 Prevention 117
7-05. What drug abuse prevention program are 9-06. Dr. Peter M. Bentler 117
active in your community? 97 9-07. Dr. Murray E. Jarvik 119
8-01.What are colleges and universities doing to 9-08. Board of Trustees, American Medical Association 119
7-06. Parents are usually the most powerful role-models106 9-09. American Society of Addiction Medicine 119
prevent drug and alcohol abuse? 97 9-10. Dr. Dean Nywall 121
7-07.What are civic clubs doing to prevent drug andFIVE COMMON MYTHS ABOUT QUITTING SMOKING 122
alcohol abuse? 98 DRUG & ALCOHOL ABUSE PREVENTION ARTICLES 123
7-08.What are Rotary clubs doing to reduce alcohol
and drug abuse? 100
7-09.D-FY-IT, (Drug Free Youth In Town) 102
7-10.Community Coalition 103
8-00. Goals for preventing drug and alcohol abuse 105
8-01.Minimize use and harm 106
8-02.Targeting Children 106
8-03 Parents as Role Models 106
8-04 Drug education and drug counseling in the schools 107
8-05 Treatment 107
8-06 Treatment on demand—more facilities needed 107
8-07 Supervised probation 108
8-08 Technological advances in use detection 108
8-09 Voluntary drug testing 109
8-10 Mandatory testing of parolees and probationers 110
8-11 Do judges need greater discretion in sentencing ? 110
8-12 Mass media 110
8-13 Make money laundering more difficult 110
8-14 Social host liability 111
EXHIBITS AND TABLES
EXHIBIT Page
1. Overview of Alcohol/Other Psychoactive Substances 2
2. Many costs to society of illegal drug use 47
3. Five Common Myths About Quitting Smoking 122
4. WWW Sources of information Re: Drug and Alcohol Abuse 126
TABLE
1. Drug Use Among 211 Million Persons Over 12 in U.S. 8
2. Drug, Alcohol, Cigarette Use 6-12 Grade Students in 1999 10
3. Drug Availability and Use by High School Seniors in 2000 12
4. BAC Tests of Student Drinking, UNC-Chapel Hill 13
5. Binge Drinking Among U.S. College Students—1999 14
6. Estimated Deaths from Drug Use in U.S. in 1998 26
7. Arrests by States for Alcohol Related Offenses, 1998 34
8. Inmates Reporting Drug Use in 30 Days or Under Influence 34
9. Percent of Alcohol Users Using Drugs in U.S. in 1999 41
10. Alcohol Related Auto Fatalities & Estimated Costs—1999 50
11. Defendant Sentenced for Violation of Drug Laws in
U. S. District Courts in 1999 52
12. Economic Costs of Alcohol & Drug Abuse in U.S.—1992-2001 58
13. Who Bears the Cost of Alcohol and Drug Abuse? 59
14. Tobacco Tax in Five Selected States, 1997 & 2000 78
PREFACE TO EIGHTH EDITION
This Rotary Against Drugs (RAD) project is the result of R. I. President Clifford Dochterman‘s 1992 challenge to members of his Task Force to start district-wide and multi-district drug and alcohol abuse prevention projects.
The pain and suffering and financial costs of drug abuse are ignored by most Americans. The $358 billion annual cost of drug abuse in the U.S. and the 650,000 persons who die prematurely every year are more than we can comprehend. The big murderers are not cocaine or heroin. Over 500,000 or 77% of all drug deaths are caused by inhaling cigarette smoke or the consumption of excessive quantities of alcohol for 20, 30, or 40 years. These numbers are so large, we feel helpless.
How do kids start down the road to such a death? Surveys report each day 6,000 persons, most of them kids, start smoking and the same day 3,000 other smokers become daily smokers. The 1999 N.C. Youth Tobacco Survey found the average N. C. students started smoking at 12.2 years, and 18.4% of N.C. middle school students and 38.3% of high school students are current tobacco users. Those percentages are double the national average of 9.3% for middle school and a third more than the national average 28.5% for high school students. Teens who smoke are three times more likely than non-smokers to use alcohol, eight times more likely to use marijuana, and twenty-two times more likely to use cocaine.
If children and youth would merely obey existing laws--not to smoke until 18, not drinkalcohol beverages until 21, deaths from drug use as they grew older would decline sharply.
Most authorities—medical, social, law enforcement—agree on these points:
(1)The drug and alcohol abuse problem is a complex neighborhood, community, state, national, and international problem.
(2)It is easier to prevent drug use than repair the physical, psychological, social, and economic damage resulting from drug dependency.
(3)The earlier an adolescent initiates use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, or other illicit drugs, the more likely he or she will not graduate from school and be divorced.
(4)If experimental drug use can be postponed until after the body matures, the possibility of permanent physiological and psychological damage and future addiction is reduced.
(5)Parents are the first line of defense in drug abuse prevention. With broken homes, single working parents, parent(s) abusing drugs, schools assumed greater responsibility.
(6) Diverse strategies must be implemented: Reduce the promotion and availability of tobacco and alcohol, prosecute persons providing tobacco and alcohol to children, provide age-appropriate information, skill development, self-esteem enhancing courses, appropriate medical treatment, occupational training and treatment for all including the thousands of young incarcerated drug dealers.
(7) The cooperative efforts of the community—parent, schools, churches, justice system, social service agencies, health care providers, business community, service clubs (including Rotary)—are needed if we are to reduce alcohol and drug abuse.
(8) Research has confirmed peers are more effective than parents, doctors, ministers, police, or teachers in discouraging children and young people from starting to experiment with drugs and stopping drug use. “Kids listen to Kids.” [See pages 93-97]
Special thanks to over 1.000 wonderful, gifted students from 96 high schools in four states who gave speeches in their schools and before Rotary clubs, and to 200 who advanced to multi-district competition. Many are known to have returned home to share their ideas and concerns with elementary, middle school students, and peers. They are talking with students who are deciding which road to take. They are now trying to reduce drug abuse in the colleges they attend.
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ROTARY AGAINST DRUGS HIGH SCHOOL SPEECH CONTEST
ROTARY DISTRICTS: 7570, 7690, 7710, 7720, and 7730TOPIC: "What Must Be Done to Prevent Drug and Alcohol Abuse in the U.S.?"
TIME: Maximum of six (6) minutes. /
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM:
In U.S. today: More than 10 million persons (12 to 20 illegally drink alcohol.
More than 25% have tried a drug other than marijuana.
Average first alcohol use is 12.2 years and first marijuana use is 13.
In N.C. today: 18.4% of middle school and 38.3% of high school students use tobacco.
38% of high school students drink alcohol.
21% “ “ “ seniors used marijuana in past month.
35% “ “ “ “ smoke. Children buy 4.4 million packs annually.
RESEARCH CONFIRMS:
(1) Students who drink alcohol regularly before 15 are 48% more likely to become alcoholics.
(2) Students using illicit drugs are more likely--school dropouts, divorced and have job problems.
(3) Children delaying drug use by two years greatly reduce the likelihood of addiction.
(4) It is easier to prevent drug use than repair physical, psychological, social, economic damage.
(5) Changing student attitudes re: drug use requires altering norms of community & school.
(6) “Kids Listen To Kids. Peer programs are dramatically more effective in preventing drug use and convincing kids to discontinuing drug use than all other interventions.”
HIGH SCHOOL SPEECH CONTEST:
These facts suggested more should be done to inform middle and high school students about
the dangers of drug abuse. Since 1993, 1.000+ N.C., Tenn., VA., and WI. students, attending 96 schools, sponsored by 83 Rotary clubs in 6 Rotary districts, have spoken out against drug abuse.
The contest encourages students to (1) consider the extent and seriousness of the use of mood-
modifying drugs including alcohol; (2) learn of current efforts to reduce and prevent drug abuse;
(3) increase concern for fellow students; (4) prepare to inform peers of this dangerous problem; and
(5)listen and speak out against drugs and in doing so gain self confidence & increase self esteem.
Rotary Resource Materials maybe found at . Student should
assume they are talking to other students. NO props please. Students &/or teachers select up to 4 students to represent H.S. at a Club meeting. Notes permitted. SPEECH SHOULD NOT BE READ.
ROTARY CLUB: Clubs may sponsor student from each high school in membership area.
SPEECHES: Presented to Rotary Club at ______o'clock, March ______
JUDGES: Members of the Rotary Club serve as judges.
AWARDS: All speakers receive certificate. Clubs set their own cash awards to participants.
FINALIST: Districts send their top finishers to multi-district competition (fee is $100 per student).
ELIGIBLE: AllHigh School Students.
DISTRICT 7710 FINALS: 1:00 p.m., Sun. Mar. 16, 2008, Chapel Hill Town Hall.
AWARDS: 1st: $200; 2nd: $100; 3rd: $50;
MULTI-DISTRICT FINALS: 1:00 p.m., Sun., Mar. 16, 2008, Chapel Hill Town Hall.
AWARDS: 1st: $300; 2nd: $250; 3rd: $200; 4th: $150; 5th: $100; 6th and over $50.
For additional information contact:
D7570: RID-E Eric E. Adamson, Box 325, Front Royal, VA 22630, (540) 635-7166; ;
D7690: PP Jim Armstrong, 1034 Cantering Rd., High Point, NC 27262 (336) 883-2928; ;
D7710: P Mack Parker, P.O. Box 17653, Raleigh, NC 27619 (919) 255-3353;
PDG Donald Hayman, 1038 Highland Wds, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, (919) 967-3381, ;
D7720: PDG Brenda Tinkham, 153 Tom Browne Rd, Murfreesboro, NC 27855, (252) 398-3210; ;
D7730: PDG Phil Crawford, 1503 Sutton Drive, Kinston NC 28503, (252) 527-3139,
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SCHEDULE FOR MULTI-DISTRICT--7570, 7690, 7710, 7720, 7730
ROTARY AGAINST DRUGS (RAD) HIGH SCHOOL SPEECH CONTEST
JULY:
1. District Governor announced Rotary Against (RAD) Drug High School Speech topic—
“What Must Be Done to Prevent Drug and Alcohol Abuse in the U. S. ?”
2. District Governor urges Assistant Governors and Club Presidents to:
- Adopt the drug and alcohol abuse speech contest as a club project;
- Appoint a committee or chair to arrange the local (and district contest); and
- Decide the number and amounts of awards.
SEPTEMBER: (Some teachers like to be contacted early so topic can be included in lesson plans)
3. Project Chair in each club contacts High School Principal(s) and seeks permission to contact appropriate teacher(s): (Interact sponsor, English, speech, biology, counselors or teachers desiring to assist students) participate in the speech contest.
- Explains objective, schedule, dates, and award given.
- Gives teachers contest notices to post on school bulletin boards and contest scoring sheets to inform students of the criteria used to determine finalists.
- Gives teachers compact disc, Internet address
or Resources Materials booklet to help students research and prepare their speech. - Recommend the first round competition be held in an assembly at the school if more than four students desire to represent the high school.
- Inform teachers of the date of the meeting when students representing the school will speak to the Rotary Club(s). (If two or more clubs sponsor a contest,
each club may sponsor a student from each school in the multi-district contest.)
JANUARY:
4. Project chair contacts teacher to verify school participation and answer question.
FEBRUARY - MARCH:
- Schools holds contest and informs club of students representing the school.
- Project chair:
- Invites local media to attend club meeting.
- Duplicates the Speech Scoring sheet for members to rate finalists.
- Designates a Rotarian as Timer (6 minute time limit)
- Presides at contest and President awards certificates and cash awards.
- Provides names of students speaking at district conference to district chair.
f. Project Chair transports student(s) to D7710 competition at theChapel Hill Town Hall by 12:40 p.m., Sunday, March 9, 2008.
- Project Chair, parent or teacher transports student (maximum 3) to multi-district competition at Chapel Hill Town Hall by 12:40 p.m. Sunday, March 16, 2008.(Bed/breakfast provided students and sponsors from outside D7710 on request).
For additional information contact:
D7570: RID-E Eric E. Adamson, Box 325, Front Royal, VA 22630, (540) 635-7166; ;
D7690: PP Jim Armstrong, 1034 Cantering Rd., High Point, NC 27262 (336) 883-2928; ;
D7710: P Mack Parker, P.O. Box 17653, Raleigh, NC 27619 (919) 255-3353;
PDG Donald Hayman, 1038 Highland Wds, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, (919) 967-3381, ;
D7720: PDG Brenda Tinkham, 153 Tom Browne Rd, Murfreesboro, NC 27855, (252) 398-3210; ;
D7730: PDG Phil Crawford, 1503 Sutton Drive, Kinston NC 28503, (252) 527-3139,
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ROTARY MULTI-DISTRICT
DRUG & ALCOHOL ABUSE PREVENTION SPEECH CONTEST
Rules Governing Contest and Scoring Sheets
Topic: "What Must Be Done to Prevent Drug and Alcohol Abuse in the U.S.?”
Rimw: Maximum of six (6) minutes.
Focus: Students are asked to assume they are speaking to other students.
Delivery: May use notes. Speech should not be read, and NO props allowed or other digital assistance (PowerPoint, music)
Objective of the Contest? Get the maximum number of kids to
(1) Consider the nature and seriousness of drug and alcohol abuse;
(2) Learn of current efforts to reduce drug and alcohol abuse;