Dr. MJ Hardman
Ph. D. Stanford 1962
My career, now lasting more than 50 years, had had two paths from the beginning that have been one at some, separating at times, and crossing each other always – my linguistics work as a specialist in the Jaqi languages of the Andes and gender studies, part of my forever focus on racism/sexism.
I have decided to make this a woman's vita – with events included that are ordinarily omitted. This is likely to be the last version I will ever do. That it be for the Wise Women's webpage is entirely appropriate. I am doing it in a way that I hope will be useful to younger people both as current support and as a history lesson lest they forget what we have wrought.
The original vita is 50 pages; much condensed for current purposes. And I've opted not to translate the Spanish.
Over the course of my career, starting in the late 50s, I have spent some 20 years in the field, primarily Perú, Bolivia, Chile. My professional travel has also taken me to most of the countries of Central/South America, to Japan, to Thailand, to England and to Spain. Also my fieldwork has encompassed Southwest Spanish (Taos, New Mexico), Shipibo (Peruvian jungle), Quechua (Urubamba valley) as well as the intensive work with the three Jaqi languages, Jaqaru, Kawki and Aymara in Perú, Bolivia and Chile. My work with the latter in foundational: I established the existence of the family and my Aymara grammar is the first in 500 years to be more than a copy of the colonial grammars of the Jesuits (Bertonio).
Pre-Florida years:
During this period I gave 5 papers at national and international conferences, starting in 1959.
1955 Elected to Phi Beta Kappa, Phi Kappa Phi, Alpha Lambda Delta Phi, and Phi Sigma Iota
1958-59 FULBRIGHT SCHOLARSHIP, Peru
1960-61 NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION TERMINAL YEAR GRANT AWARD: FIELD WORK, Peru, JAQARU Language
1961 “CONSONANTAL CONDITIONING OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF VOWEL ALLOPHONES IN JAQARU”, Sphinx (Anuario del Departamento de Filología de San Marcos), Lima, Perú
1961/63 INSTRUCTOR IN LINGUISTICS: Cornell University
SPANISH, QUECHUA, Preparation of Materials for the Teaching of Quechua to Speakers of English & QUECHUA PROGRAM, Peace Corps Training Program.
1962 – married Dr. Dimas Bautista Iturrizaga, veterinarian, from Tupe, Yauyos, Perú, then learned that immigration did not consider him a relative; only wives of American citizens were so considered. It led to many years of long-distance marriage though the law did eventually change.
1963 TRAINER OF PEACE CORPS VOLUNTEERS FOR PERU, University of California at Los Angeles: QUECHUA, AREA STUDIES
March 1963 our first son was born; following the Tupe example that had taught me that a woman could have her work and a family as well, he was born on Tuesday and Thursday, with him on my back, I was back in the classroom, and Saturday, with him on my back, I went dancing.
July 1963 at my own expense I went to Bolivia to attempt to see how Aymara fit into the Andean languages in terms of language families. My mother-in-law helped to finance the expedition. I carried my baby on my back. When I got off the bus in Sorata an Aymara woman approached me to criticize the gingo blanket I was using to carry. Within 24 hours I had a proper awayu (in which all my children were later carried) and was living with an Aymara family. I thus discovered that Aymara and Jaqaru are sister languages.
1964 NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION POST DOCTORAL RESEARCH GRANT: FIELD WORK, Bolivia, AYMARA Language
1964 “SISTEMA FONEMICO DEL JAQARU”, Revista del Museo Nacional tomo XXXII, Lima, Perú
1965/67 FULBRIGHT/HAYS LECTURESHIP IN LINGUISTICS: DIRECTOR & FOUNDER, under the Ministry of Education, INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ESTUDIOS LINGUISTICOS, La Paz, Bolivia, under Subdivision Dirección de Antropología
Courses in: GENERAL LINGUISTICS; PHONOLOGY; APPLIED LINGUISTICS incl. FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING, SPANISH, BILINGUAL EDUCATION; FIELD METHODS; TRANSFORMATIONAL GRAMMAR.
Field Research in AYMARA & QUECHUA,
Preparation of Texts:
for the teaching of SPANISH at Primary & Secondary Levels,
for the teaching of Foreign Languages (ENGLISH & FRENCH), &
for the Native Languages AYMARA & QUECHUA
November 1965 My mentor Dr. Ruth Hirsch Weir died by her own hand, harassed beyond bearing by the sexism of her institution.
Dec. 1966 DIPLOMA OF HONOR, Conferred by First INEL Promotion “In Recognition of Brilliant Labor as Director & Professor”
1966 “PRIMER CONGRESO INTERAMERICANO DE LINGUISTICA”, Foro Universitario año I No. 10, La Paz, Bolivia
1966 JAQARU: OUTLINE OF PHONOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE. Mouton, The Hague
This was the first full-length grammar of any Andean language published in English! 500 years after the first colonial grammar in Spanish.
July 1967 Our daughter was born. I had to return to the US for her to have an option of US citizenship because children of women did not so have (children of male US citizens did so have no matter where they were born).
1968 VISITING PROFESSOR OF ANTHROPOLOGY, Department of Anthropology, Indiana University.
Florida years:
During this period I gave 50 papers at national and international conferences. During one decade the chair, on sexist grounds, found a way to keep me from attending. For the first 30 years my support was always less than that for men presenting, who were never prevented from attending; my salary also was less than any man's, even those less in rank.
Also during this period I gave some 90 INTERNATIONAL LECTURES, WORKSHOPS, SENIMARS to public groups and some 150 on the national scene.
Over the years I have prepared some 50 primers for use in classrooms. Now, from some of the workshops for teachers, Jaqaru speaking teachers are preparing them, some of which can we seen on our Jaqaru website http://txupi.wordpress.com/ . I also prepared Scrabble games (this means painting new tiles to account for the alphabets involved) for both Aymara and Jaqaru – my husband and I enjoy playing trilingually.
For OSCLG and WisCon I attended each some 20 times, in all cases actively participating by presenting, panel participation, and taking students who also actively participated, for OSCLG twice wining awards. Within WisCon I participated in the founding of the Carl Brandon Society for People of Color in SF and then served on the Board for many years and as juror for the Parallax and Kindred Awards.
I have been chair for some 45 thesis/dissertation committees and on the committee for an additional 20 or so.
In my field methods courses and in thesis/dissertation I have worked with: Asanti, Aymara, Azerbaijani, Chichewa, Chiluba, Creole, Japanese, Jaqaru, Kanjobal, Korean, Mam, Mikasuki, Shona, Songhai, Suthu, Thai, Turkish, Twi, Urobo-Isoko, Yoruba, Xhosa.
I have taught courses, sometimes in several incarnations, in:
Anthropological Linguistics, Aymara Grammar, Aymara Semantics, Bilingual Education, Discourse Analysis, Ethnosemantics, Grammar Writing. History of Linguistics, Language & Culture, Language & People, Language and Dialects, Language and Gender, Language and Perception, Language and Violence, Language Change, Language in the Classroom, Latin American Interdisciplinary Seminar. Linguistics & Science Fiction, Metaphor and Derivational Thinking, Phonology, Sexism and Language,
Sounds of Human Language (Phonetics & Phonemics), Structure of Aymara, Syntax
And all the service tasks expected of all academics on committees, etc.
January 1969 – October 2012 Professor of Anthropology/Linguistics with adjunct Latin American Studies, and Women's Studies, University of Florida
November 1969 My Peruvian mentor Dr. José María Arguedas died by his own hand, harassed beyond bearing by the racism of urban Perú.
1969-1990 DIRECTOR, AYMARA LANGUAGE MATERIALS PROJECT
w/ Center for Latin American Studies – now see http://aymara.ufl.edu/
funded under NDEA Title VI for 21 years, supporting both Aymara assistants/students and teaching assistants from the U.S. as well as research on Aymara.
We were pioneers in offering a Native American language as a full-fledged language course. Now such is common but not at UF. But we did put in on the internet so anyone can now use our materials. And several Aymara speakers obtained Master's degrees and subsequently set up programs in their own countries such that now there are linguists among the Aymara.
March 1970 Our second son was born. Again, on a Tuesday and Thursday I was back in the classroom. This time the sexist atmosphere made me hide the pregnancy, so I presented my second son at my first son's birthday party later in the month. I must say, it caused a stir, and, I hope, made it easier for later faculty who had children. Certainly it is now so.
1972 “ON THE EARLY USE OF INCLUSIVE AND EXCLUSIVE”, IJAL 38:2
1972 “POSTULADOS LINGUISTICOS DEL IDIOMA AYMARA”, in Reto del Multilinguismo en el Perú, ed. Alberto Escobar, IEP, Lima, Perú
1973 SOCIEDAD BOLIVIANA DE LINGUISTICA, SOBOL, Permanent Honorary President
July 1974 Our second son was killed by a truck in a playground in Perú. He lies in the land of his ancestors in Tupe.
1975 AYMAR AR YATIQAÑATAKI (TO LEARN AYMARA), three volumes
by: M. J. HARDMAN, JUAN DE DIOS YAPITA MOYA & JUANA VASQUEZ w/ Laura Martin-Barber, Lucy T. Briggs, & Nora England
Vol. i STUDENT MANUAL 477 pp
Vol. ii TEACHERS' GUIDE 429 pp
Vol. iii REFERENCE GRAMMAR 486 pp
70 Hours of Pedagogical Tapes to accompany Pedagogical Materials
1975 “EL JAQARU, EL KAWKI Y EL AYMARA”, Actas, El Simposio de Montevideo (1969) PILEI Mexico City, Mexico
1975 “RECONSTRUCCION DEL SISTEMA PERSONAL VERBAL DE PROTO-JAQI”, Revista del Museo Nacional tomo XLI pp 433-456, Lima, Perú
1975 “AYMARA WOMEN” AUFS, article to accompany Film Faces of Change: Aymara Women, Hanover, New Hampshire
Believing that the research one does must go back to those who gave one the data in the first place I frequently published in popular periodicals for the rural people. I was scolded by my administration for publishing too much in Spanish, for these and for the many others one sees in this vita:
1976/77 “LA FAMILIA LINGUISTICA JAQI”, Revista Yauyos 4:15-16/17
1977 “LA MUJER JAQI”, Revista Yauyos 21/22-23
1978 “EL ALFABETO DE LA LENGUA JAQARU”, Revista Yauyos 24
1978 “COMO CONJUGAR EL VERBO EN JAQARU”, Revista Yauyos 25
1979 “LA EDUCACION BILINGUE Y SU IMPORTANCIA”, Revista Yauyos 29
1982 “PORQUE ESCRIBIMOS JAQARU CON SOLO TRES VOCALES”, Revista Yauyos 38-39:16-17
1983 “COMO SALUDAR EN JAQARU”, Revista Yauyos 40:13
1976 ACTAS DEL XXV CONGRESO ANUAL LATINOAMERICANO “LOS AUTOCTONOS AMERICANOS OPINAN” Editor. State University Presses of Florida
This was from the recordings I transcribed and edited from the Annual Congress of 1975 for the Center for Latin American Studies, which I co-directed w/ Bill Carter, held at UF where the Autochthonous peoples of the Americas came together – we provided logistics only – they set the agenda – native speakers of some 30 languages from every area of the continent.
1976 EDITOR, BOLETINES INFORMATIVOS for the congress The First Americans Speak Up (writings in Spanish by Congress members) #1, May; #2, August
1977 FULBRIGHT HAYS FACULTY RESEARCH ABROAD: KAWKI LANGUAGE: LINGUISTIC STRUCTURE & CULTURAL CONTEXT
1977 -- Dissertation: Joseph Orville Davidson, Jr. A CONTRASTIVE STUDY OF THE GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURES OF AYMARA AND CUZCO KECHUA Berkeley (Haas) 1977
This dissertation, much to my surprise at the time, is based almost entirely on my work, specifically my three grammars: my Jaqaru grammar, my Aymara grammar, and the Cuzco Quechua grammar of Cornell, the first draft of which I wrote with no credit whatsoever ever being given, not even a citation. Most of the grammatical discoveries were mint. The author thought he was working with independent sources – using my work he came to the same conclusions I did, obliviously. Thus the workings of sexism.
1978 “JAQI: THE LINGUISTIC FAMILY”, IJAL vol 44:2
1978 RUTH HIRSCH WEIR MEMORIAL VOLUME: PAPERS ON LINGUISTICS & CHILD LANGUAGE co-edited w/ Vladimir Honsa, Mouton, The Hague
1978 “LINGUISTIC POSTULATES AND APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGICAL LINGUISTICS”, in Papers on Linguistics and Child Language Ruth Hirsch Weir Memorial Volume, ED. HONSA & HARDMAN, Mouton, The Hague
1978 “IMPORTANCIA DE LA EDUCACION BILINGUE”, El Diario Aug 16, La Paz, Bolivia
Apr. 1978 AMERICAN HUMANIST ASSOCIATION, Award in recognition of “OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTIONS TO HUMANITY”
1978 “PORQUE ESCRIBIMOS EL AYMARA CON SOLO TRES VOCALES”, El Diario Oct. 15, La Paz, Bolivia
1978 “LA FAMILIA LINGUISTICA ANDINA JAQI: JAQARU, KAWKI, AYMARA”, Vicus Cuadernos, Linguistica II:5-28, Amsterdam (invited article)
1979 “LA CASTELLANIZACION Y SUS IMPLICACIONES EN LA EDUCACION RURAL”, La Presencia Sept. 16, La Paz, Bolivia
1979 “QUECHUA Y AYMARA: LENGUAS EN CONTACTO”, Antropología I-1, Revista del Instituto Nacional de Antropología, La Paz, Bolivia (invited article)
1981 AYMARA LANGUAGE IN ITS CULTURAL AND SOCIAL CONTEXT. Social Science Monograph Series, University of Florida
Except for my introduction this volume consists entirely of term papers by my students – all original research in the ALMP.
1981 “JAQARU COLOR TERMS”, IJAL 47:1
1981 Presider, Women and Economics: Myths and Realities, Gainesville Commission on the Status of Women, March.
1982 “MUTUAL INFLUENCES OF ANDEAN LANGUAGES AND SPANISH” Word 33:1-2 (10-18-82)
1982 “ON LANGUAGE AND AYMARA PERSONALITY”, Current Anthropology Vol. 23, No. 3, p. 327
1983 JAQARU: COMPENDIO DE LA ESTRUCTURA MORFOLOGICA Y FONOLOGICA. Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, Lima, Perú
The Spanish version of my grammar, translated by Dr. Dimas Bautista Iturrizaga.
1983 “JAQARU SHORT VOWEL” IJAL 49:203
1983 “A THOUSAND AND ONE YEARS OF THE SPANISH LANGUAGE” Quarterly Journal of the Library of Congress, Fall 1983, Pp.343-355
This came from my invitation to present at the 1001 year celebration of the existence of Spanish as a recognized language, myself the only non-native speaker. A marvelous celebration at the Library of Congress, attended by the King of Spain. And then I wrote the definitive article. A beautiful memory.
1983 SUPPLEMENTARY WORKBOOK FOR INTRODUCTORY ANTHROPOLOGICAL LINGUISTICS w/ Shoko Saito Hamano. Anthropology Student Association Special Publication No. 2, University of Florida
1984 “GENTILES IN JAQI FOLKTALES -- AN EXAMPLE OF CONTACT LITERATURE” pp 367-375, Winter, Anthropological Linguistics
Nov. 1984 DIPLOMA DE HONOR, Instituto de Lengua y Cultura Aymara (Bolivia), on the occasion of their 12th anniversary
en reconocimiento a la labor y apoyo constante a la revalorización de la lengua y cultura aymara