Practice Exam 4
Below are sample questions from your book (of which all of the answers are in the back). These are not necessarily indicative of the specific material or types of questions that Drs. Hofmockel & Serb will ask on the exam. Remember, they want you to be able to apply your knowledge of the material learned in class and from the book and part of that comes from understanding the significance, application, and importance of that information. The majority of questions will come from the learning objectives so focus on those more than anything else! Good luck!
Text Chapters Covered:
- Ch. 15- The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Meiosis
- Ch. 16- Simple Patterns of Inheritance
Learning Objectives:
- Understand chromosomes are the basis of Mendelian inheritance
- Be able to describe mitotic cell division
- Explain why mitosis is important
- Describe the importance of check points in the cell cycle
- Be able to describe the significance of HeLa cells
- Know the relationship between mitosis and cancer
- Describe each step of meiosis
- Understand how meiosis introduces genetic variation
- Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis
- Describe the mendelian evidence for the Chromosomal Inheritance Theory
- Understand sex-linked traits
- Be able to work examples as Punnett squares
- Describe examples of non-Mendelian inheritance
*Missing learning objectives from first genetics slides
In which phase of the cell cycle are chromosomes replicated?
a. G1 phase
b. S phase
c. M phase
d. G2 phase
e. none of the above
2. If two chromosomes are homologous, they
a. look similar under the microscope
b. have very similar DNA sequences
c. carry the same types of genes
d. may carry different versions of the same gene
e. are all of the above
3. Checkpoints during the cell cycle are important because they
a. allow the organelle activity to catch up to cellular demands
b. ensure the integrity of the cell’s DNA
c. allow the cell to generate sufficient ATP for cellular division
d. are the only time DNA replication can occur
e. do all of the above
4. Which of the following is a reason for mitotic cell division?
a. asexual reproduction
b. gamete formation in animals
c. multicellularity
d. all of the above
e. both a and c
5. A replicated chromosome is composed of
a. two homologous chromosomes held together at the centromere
b. four sister chromatids held together at the centromere
c. two sister chromatids held together at the centromere
d. four homologous chromosomes held together at the centromere
e. one chromosome with a centromere
6. Which of the following is not an event of anaphase of mitosis?
a. the nuclear envelope breaks down
b. sister chromatids separate
c. kinetochore microtubules shorten, pulling the chromosomes to the pole
d. polar microtubules push against each other, moving the poles farther apart
e. all of the above occur during anaphase
7. A student is looking at cells under the microscope. The cells are from an organism that has a diploid number of 14. In one particular case, the cell has seven replicated chromosomes (sister chromatids) aligned at the metaphase plate of the cell. Which of the following statement accurately describes this particular cell?
a. the cell is in metaphase of mitosis
b. the cell is in metaphase of meiosis I
c. the cell is in metaphase of meiosis II
d. all of the above are correct
e. both b and c are correct
8. Which of the following statements accurately describes a difference between mitosis and meiosis?
a. mitosis may produce diploid cells, where meiosis produces haploid cells
b. homologous chromosomes synapse during meiosis but do not synapse during mitosis
c. crossing over commonly occurs during meiosis, but it does not commonly occur during mitosis
d. all of the above are correct
e. both a and c are correct
9. During crossing over in meiosis I
a. homologous chromosomes are not altered
b. homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material
c. chromosomal damage occurs
d. genetic information is lost
e. cytokinesis occurs
10. Based on Mendel’s experimental crosses, what is the expected F2 phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross?
a. 1:2:1
b. 2:1
c. 3:1
d. 9:3:3:1
e. 4:1
11. During which phase of cellular division does Mendel’s law of segregation physically occur?
a. mitosis
b. meiosis I
c. Meiosis II
d. all of the above
e. b and c only
12. An individual that has two different alleles of a particular gene is said to be
a. dihybrid
b. recessive
c. homozygous
d. heterozygous
e. hemizygous
13. During a ____ cross, an individual with the dominant phenotype and unknown genotype is crossed with a ______individual to determine the unknown genotype
a. monohybrid, homozygous recessive
b. dihybrid, heterozygous
c. test, homozygous dominant
d. monohybrid, homozygous dominant
e. test, homozygous recessive
14. A woman is heterozygous for an X-linked trait, hemophilia A. If she has a child with a man without hemophilia A, what is the probability that the child will be a male with hemophilia A? (Note: the child could be a male or female.)
a. 100%
b. 75%
c. 50%
d. 25%
e. 0%
15. A gene that affects more than one phenotypic trait is said to be
a. dominant
b. wild type
c. dihybrid
d. pleiotropic
e. heterozygous
16. A hypothetical flowering plant species produces red, pink, and white flowers. To determine the inheritance pattern, the following crosses were conducted with the results indicated:
Red x red all red
White x white all white
Red x white all pink
What type of inheritance pattern does this represent?
a. dominance/recessiveness
b. X-linked
c. codominance
d. incomplete dominance
e. pleiotropy
17. Genes located on a sex chromosome are said to be
a. X-linked
b. dominant
c. hemizygous
d. sex linked
e. sex influenced