PPT #4 Circulatory Unit Circulation of Air Through Lungs Name:______

PPT #4 Circulatory Unit Circulation of Air through Lungs Name:______

RESPIRATION

Of course, we’re talking about BREATHING!!

Our bodies require GREAT amounts of ATP to function and the synthesis of ATP requires______

______. This drives the need to ______and to eliminate______.

The respiratory system consists of ______

______.

Respiratory and Cardiovascular systems work together to deliver O2 and remove CO2 and are jointly called______.

Respiratory and ______work together to regulate ______.

Respiration=______, ______,

______.

Principal Organs of the Respiratory System

Nose, ______, ______, ______, ______, ______

Within the lungs the incoming air stops in the ______;______

______

Conduction Division:______

______

Respiratory Division: ______

LUNGS: ______

______

Costal surface:______

Mediastinal surface:______

Hilum:______,

______Considered the ROOT of the lung.

Structures within the ROOT=

______, ______

Lungs are crowded!! Do not fill entire rib cage!!! AND are not symmetrical!

Right Lung:______

______

Left Lung:______

______

The Pleurae and their Functions:

Visceral pleura______

Parietal pleura______

Pleural cavbity______

Functions of pleurae and pleural fluid:

----______

---______

Bronchial Tree: Facts!

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Alveoli :______

______

Cells of the Alveolus:

Respiratory Membrane: Each alveolus is surrounded by______.

There is a three layer membrane, Respiratory Membrane, which provides a barrier between the alveolar air and the blood. This is important in:______

---______

--______

Alveolar Surface Tension is CRITICAL to it’s function:

1. ______

______

2.______

______

3.______

Gas (02 and CO2) exchange happens only in the Alveolar:

---______

Gasses diffuse down their concentration gradient until______

______

What does Pressure have to do with Breathing??

The flow of air in and out of the lungs depends on a ______

______

Your muscles change the long volumes and ______.

Respiration is governed by the principals of ______, pressure, and ______.

Flow is ______

Flow is ______.

Pressure due to the atmosphere drives respiration!

Boyle’s Law=______

If lung volume increases then______

If long volume decreases then______

Charle’s Law= ______

As cold air is breathed in it warms and therefor the volume increases..ex: 500ml inhaled will expand to ______

In quiet breathing, on average, every breath is a volume of ______.

Inspiration of lungs summary:

Expiration=

Relaxed: ______, ______

______

Forced: ______, ______

Resistance is the other determinant of airflow: ______

Factors that influence airway resistance:

1. Diameter of bronchioles: Dialation______

Constriction:______

2. Pulmonary compliance:______.

______

3. Surface Tension of alveoli:______

______

Muscles Used in Respiration:

1. Diaphram: ______

______

2. Intercostals: ______

______

3. Scalenes: ______

Nervous system control of Breathing

------______

-----______

----______

Involuntary unconscious breathing controlled by 3 pairs of respiratory centers in ______

______

Respiration Nuclei in Medulla:

1.______

2.______

Respiration in Pons:

3.______

Voluntary breathing originates in the:______

1. ______

2. ______

Problems:

What is a pneumothorax?

What is atelectasis?

Gas Exchange and Transport

All components of air contribute to the total atmospheric pressure: “Dalton’s Law”

If you calculate all the partial pressures of the constituents of air you will attain 760mmHg which is equal to 1 atm.

Factors affecting Gas Exchange in the alveolar:

1. ______

2.______

3. ______

4. ______

5. ______

As blood travels through the body the concentration of gasses changes due to the partial pressures.

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Special facts about Oxygen

Arterial blood carries______

----______, ______

***Hemoglobin has 4 proteins each with one Fe (heme) group to bind with one oxygen(O2). It can therefor bind at 100% to 4 O2 molecules

In Carbon Monoxide poisoning the CO competes______

Since CO binds so strongly to the heme in can’t be released and then no new O2 can bind…quickly lethal! 0.2% is lethal quickly!!! Where would you find high levels of CO?______

Yes, you can get O2 poisoning as well!!! Oxygen excess

100% O2 is TOXIC at 2.5 atm or greater!!! What do they fill scuba tanks with???______Why?

Hyperbaric O2=______

Oxygen imbalances cause many respiratory disorders:

Hypoxia:

Hypoxemic hypoxia:

Ischemic hypoxia:

Anemic hypoxia:

Histotoxic hypoxia:

Cyanosis:

Obstruction of airflow can also lead to several disorders collectively known as “COPD”______

Chronic Bronchitis:

Emphysema:

Effects of COPD:

______

Lung Cancer three major types

Lung Cancer accounts for ______

Squamous-cell carcinoma

______

Adenocarcinoma:______

Small cell (Oat cell) carcinoma:______

______

Progression of Lung Cancer:

-----

Extremely poor prognosis!

Moral: Don’t SMOKE!