T. A. Blakelock Grade 11 Biology

Diversity of Living Things

Name: Class:

Period:

Warm Up Exercise:

Place these classifications in order from largest to smallest.

______

______

______

______

______

Brainstorm with a partner, what is a definition of 'Alive'?

Scientists developed a general sense of what they considered 'Alive' through the Medieval Times and came up with this list.

Common Characteristics of Living Things

Criteria / Description
-ability to change the ______of some or all of its parts
-ability to respond to ______
-orderly, progressive change in form (______)
-contains a large number of ______molecules and materials
-______of all processes (or potential to perform processes) characteristics of living things.

Scientists quickly realized that some living things did not satisfy all of these criteria, and some nonliving things satisfied too many of them. So, they developed a more accurate list of Fundamental Characteristics.

Fundamental Characteristics of Living Things

Criteria / Description
-Organized assembly of molecules into a ______unit (cells)
-Ability to assimilate ______as well as materials to grow ad develop
-Ability to create viable & ______offspring
-Ability to pass on traits & characteristics to ______
-Ability to maintain a stable & functional ______environment

TAXONOMY: The branch of science dedicated to classification, especially organisms

Levels of Classification

1.______: ______:

2.______: ______:

3.______: ______:

4.______: ______:

5.______: ______:

6.______: ______:

7.______: ______:

CHARACTERISTTICS OF EACH KINGDOM

Criteria / Archaebacteria / Eubacteria / Protista / Fungi / Plantae / Animalia
Cell Count
Reproduction
Mobility
Tropism
Habitat
Cell Wall
Example

Complete this Chart for Animalia

MAMMALIA / AVES / REPTILIA / AMPHIBIA / GNASTHOSTOMATA
/ AGNATHA
BODY COVERING
FORM OF BIRTH
LOCOMOTION
HEART CHAMBERS
BLOOD TEMPERATURE
HABITAT
Example

KINGDOM BACTERIA

NOTES

Functions of Each Part

BACTERIAL REPRODUCTION

A.

B.

C.

BACTERIAL CLASSIFICATION

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

TOXINS

EXOTOXINS

ENDOTOXINS

Deadliest Bacterium

VIRUSES

Alive or not alive?

(THAT is the question)

DNA –

RNA –

Viral Life Cycle

Virus invade cells and force them to make more viruses

  1. Getting Into the Cell

Bacteriophage

Animal Virus

Plant Virus

  1. Taking Over

DNA – Two Types

(i)Lytic Cycle

(ii)Lysogenic Cycle

RNA Virus – two types

(i)Simple RNA

(ii)Retrovirus

H.I.V.

  1. Getting Out

(i)Cell Lysis

(ii)Exocytosis

Part II

DNA and RNA are affected by viruses differently

DNA Virus : Two Types

  1. Lytic Cycle -Very ______, Destroys Cell DNA and replaces it with Viral DNA

-Viral symptoms are ______

Example:

Signs and Symptons: -

-

Lytic Cycle

  1. Attachment— Virus attaches to the cell wall at a ______.
  1. Penetration— The cell wall is weakened by the viral ______, and the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the virus is injected into the host cell.
  1. Synthesis— The DNA of the host cell is ______, and the viral DNA takes over making viral proteins and viral nucleic acid.
  1. Assembly— Viral coats of protein ______are assembled with the nucleic acids filling the cell with new virus particles.
  2. Lysis – ______dissolve the host cell membrane from within. The cell then bursts open.
  3. Release— The newly formed virus particles are released, free to infect other bacterial cells.

B. Lysogenic Cycle -Slow, combining viral DNA with cellular DNA

-Viral symptoms are delayed

Example:

Signs and Symptoms: -

-

Lysogenic Cycle

The lysogenic cycle proceeds in the same way as the ______except that the

______becomes part of the host cell's DNA, and it does not immediately take over host cell.

The actual replication is ______. Viruses that do not cause an immediate infection

are referred to as temperate or latent. They exist as a ______and can be dormant for years.The virus can become active (virulent) years later.

Stimuli that bring about their activation include exposure to environmental factors like

______.

Auto Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is an example of this type of virus.

RNA Virus : Two Types

A. Simple RNA Viruses - Takes over Cell ______directly

- Avoids ______DNA entirely

- ______or ______life cycle

Example:

Signs and Symptoms: -

-

B. Retrovirus - Uses an ______to rewrite cellular DNA with viral RNA

- Enzyme makes frequent mistakes so the retrovirus has a high

______rate

- ______and ______life cycle

Example:

Signs and Symptoms: -

-

-

Part III

  1. Getting Out

(iii)Cell Lysis

(iv)Exocytosis

BUT, IS A VIRUS ALIVE?

Common Characteristics Additional Characteristics

1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.Can’t ______without

infecting a living thing

4. 4.Can ______

within a host and kill it

5. 5.

6.

I. All Viruses are ______and cannot live ______

II. Viruses can invade ______cell types (plants, animals, etc.)

III. Viruses must use the ______from other cells to “______”

Virus Questions

  1. What can you conclude about a virus based on how it invades cells?
  2. How is a virus able to avoid attack by cells of the immune system?
  3. A patient comes in to a physician’s office complaining of a sickness that came on rapidly following a trip to South America. The patient claims that he was in a clinic, sitting beside

An old man who coughed and spit up, and the patient thinks he may have been infected then. He says he was sick that same afternoon and ever since. Ruling out bacterial infection, what can the physician at least narrow her search to from the information provided?

  1. What is the characteristic difference between the Lytic and Lysogenic cycle?
  2. Describe one virus which infects the human body, including the following criteria:

i)Name (Scientific and Common)

ii) Where in the body does it infect?

iii) What is the effect on the body?

iv) Is it lytic or lysogenic?

v) What, if any, treatment is there for the virus?

vi) Where(worldwide) is the virus most prevalent?

PRIONS

NANOBES

Important Scientist:______

pg. 1