Physics of WATER Name TEACHER KEY
Directions: Follow the directions in the left column and record all observations, data, and pictures in the right column.
Physical Properties of Water / Observations/Results/Pictures1. Sound
a. Watch the video clip on sound movement through matter.
b. Draw the movement of molecules through a solid, liquid, and gas.
c. Rank the states of matter sound travels from fastest to slowest.
d. Write a prediction as to why sound travels faster in one medium versus another. / a. a . Visit www.Discoveryeducation.com
b. (Note you will need to have an account)
c. Search for the following video: Real World Science: Sound-The Medium Affects How Quickly Sound Travels. The clip is about 3 minutes.
d. If you do not have a discovery education account, you can use the following Youtube video. Sound in a Solid, Liquid, and Gas. Show clip between 1:40 min to 1:57
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s9QIgY5_8ok
b.
c. Solid = Fastest; Liquid = Slower; Gas = Slowest
d. Answers will vary - Sound moves the fastest in a solid because the molecules are compacted the closest together. Therefore, as sound vibrates one molecule, it will immediately bump into a neigboring molecule. This pattern continues as sound moves through a solid. Sound moves the slowest in the gas because when sound hits a gas molecule, it takes longer to bump into another molecule because the distance between two gas molecules is greater than in the solid.
2. Animals & Sound
e. Watch the three video clips on the pistol shrimp, echolocation (dolphins), and the humpback whale.
f. Explain the structure and the function of the claw. (drawings may assist you in this process)
g. Describe echolocation.
h. What do you think the whale is trying to do in the video?
i. What are two possible reasons as to why animals in the marine environment make sounds? / e. Visit the following Youtube videos to show the clips on the pistol shrimp, echolocation (dolphins) and the humpback whale.
Pistol Shrimp
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XC6I8iPiHT8&feature=channel (1:40 minutes)
Echolocation (Sounds echos and Dolphins – 2:12 minutes)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BYiCzWZ8cBs
Humpback Whale
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WabT1L-nN-E (3 min)
f. The one claw of the pistol shrimp is larger than the other. The bottom half of the larger claw is able to cock back and then slam against the top half of the claw. This causes a series of bubbles to form. When the bubbles collapse, it creates a shock wave that will stun the shrimp’s prey.
g. Answers will vary. Possible answers may include talking to another whale in the area, talking to the people, or just singing for fun.
h. Answers will vary. Possible answers may include talking to another for various reasons, such as sending warning sounds to others, find a mate, or to get food.
3. Pressure
j. Watch the video clip with the steel can being taken down 20 meters below sea level. (1 min 40 sec)
k. Draw what happens as a result.
l. Write a prediction as to why this occurs with the steel can. / j. Visit the following Youtube video to show the clip about the steel can taken down 20 meters below sea level.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cEnJITnn_4U
k.
l. Answers will vary. Possible answers may include that pressure increases as the depth of the ocean increases. Therefore, the can becomes crushed due to the increased pressure on the sides of the can.
4. Temperature
m. According to the temperature profile, what happens to the temperature of the ocean as depth increases?
n. Predict what the ocean’s thermocline is. / Distribute the illustration of the thermocline in the ocean. (This graphic is included in the Physics of Water-Pictures and Readings handout or can be located at the following web link).
http://my.opera.com/nielsol/blog/2007/08/16/ocean-water-mixing
m. As the depth of the ocean increases, the temperature decreases.
n. Answers will vary. Possible answers may include that the thermocline is located between 100 and 200 meters deep in the ocean, and this is where the temperature of the ocean drops dramatically. Students may also include that the line on the graph looks like an incline.
5. Light in Water- Refraction:
o. Drop a pencil in the beaker of 50 mL of water. Look at it through the side of beaker.
p. Draw the results and write your observation.
q. Predict why this occurs. / o. Give each group a 100mL beaker with 50mL of water and 1 pencil.
p. When looking at the pencil from the side of the glass, it looks crooked.
q. Answers will vary. Possible answers may include that the light reflecting back from the pencil in the air (gas) and the light reflecting back from the pencil in the water (liquid) is at two different speeds.
6. Light in Water- Why is the ocean blue?
r. Read the handout ‘Why is the ocean blue?’
s. Explain why the ocean is blue and include a drawing to further illustrate your answer. / r. Distribute “Why is the Ocean Blue?” handout included in the “Physics of Water-Pictures and Readings” attachment.
s. Blue light travels the deepest in the ocean than any other color. Therefore, it is the color that is scattered and reflected back.
7. Light & the Ocean Zones
t. Read the handout “Light and the Ocean Zones.” If possible, read the following web link for a more detailed explanation of light and the ocean zones.
http://www.mbgnet.net/salt/oceans/zone.htm
u. Name and describe the 3 major light zones of the ocean.
v. Draw the ocean, label the 3 zones, and state the depth of the zones in meters.
w. Predict and explain how an Aphotic zone organism is reddish in color? (Hint: see box #6) / t. Distribute the “Light and the Ocean Zones” handout included in the Physics of Water-Pictures and Readings handout or can be located at the following web link).
http://www.mbgnet.net/salt/oceans/zone.htm
u.
Sunlight (Photic Zone) - the first 200m. (600 ft). This zone has plenty of sunlight and many organisms. Plants and plankton live in this zone as photosynthesis can occur.
Twilight (Disphotic Zone) - lies between 200 m. and 1000 m. (Between 600 and 3,000 ft). A small amount of sunlight can penetrate the water. Plants do not grow here. Animals that live here have adaptations to survive the small amount of light present.
Midnight (Aphotic Zone) - there is no sunlight. Pressure is high and temperature is near freezing.
v. See this website for the answer to include a graphic: http://www.enchantedlearning.com/biomes/ocean/sunlit/
w. Since the red wavelength does not penetrate below 200 meters, there is no red light to reflect back to the eye. Therefore, one cannot see the red organism.
CONCLUSIONS
x. How do marine organisms use sound in the ocean?
Marine organisms use sound in the ocean in order to communicate, find food, find a mate, and warm off predators.
y. What happens to pressure, temperature and light as the ocean increases in depth?
Pressure increases, temperature decreases, and light decreases.
z. In a well-developed paragraph, answer the following question: Explain why a marine organism that lives in one zone of the ocean cannot easily move into another zone. Support your answer with the data you collected related to pressure, temperature, and light. See the attached rubric below to assist you in composing a well-developed and supported answer.
Sample of a 4
Marine organisms cannot move easily from one zone into another due to major differences from one zone to another zone. One reason they cannot move up or down is because pressure changes. For example, if an organism lives in the Photic Zone, it is adapted for a certain pressure. If the organism were to dive past 200 meters, the pressure change is so great, that the organism would be crushed. A second reason a marine organism cannot move from zone to zone easily is due to temperature differences. At the surface of the ocean, the water, on average is about 27°C. If a marine organism goes below 100 meters, the temperature drastically drops to 11°C and below, in which the organism is most likely not adapted to such cold conditions. Lastly, the third reason marine organisms cannot move from one zone to another is due to the amount of light available. There is much more visibility above 200 meters, and therefore, most marine organisms in the Photic Zone rely on sight to hunt or escape from predators. If the marine organism entered the Aphotic Zone, they would become more vulnerable to becoming prey or not be able to hunt. Therefore, a marine organism cannot move easily from one zone to another due to the many differences in pressure, temperature, and light availability.
Paragraph Grading Rubric
Introduces topic in topic sentence / Paragraph does not include a topic sentence or introduce the topic. / Paragraph includes an opening sentence but does not adequately introduce the topic. / Paragraph includes a topic sentence that introduces the topic. / Paragraph includes a topic sentence that introduces the topic and “hooks” the reader.
Provides support using details from text / Paragraph does not include support for the topic. / Paragraph includes little support for the topic using few or no details from the text. / Paragraph includes adequate support for topic using details from the text. / Paragraph includes ample support for topic using details from the text.
Provides conclusion / Paragraph does not include a concluding sentence. / Paragraph may not include a concluding sentence. / Paragraph includes a concluding sentence about the topic. / Paragraph includes a concluding sentence that restates the topic.
Uses grade-appropriate conventions and grammar / Paragraph has many errors in conventions and grammar, impeding the ability to understand the written work. / Paragraph is written with several errors in grade-appropriate conventions and grammar. / Paragraph is written with few errors in grade-appropriate conventions (capitalization, punctuation, and spelling) and grammar (complete sentences with varied sentence structures). / Paragraph is written with no errors in grade-appropriate conventions (capitalization, punctuation, and spelling) and grammar (complete sentences with varied sentence structures).