Physics Chapter 17

  1. What is an atom?

-building blocks of matter (very small particles)

-atom means “indivisible” –Dalton originally thought you cannot get smaller, but now we know you can

  1. What is an element?

-atoms of the same kind

-periodic table of elements : know that there are over 110 elements/ 90 are natural

-most elements are metals

  1. Are atoms recyclable?

They cycle and recycle everyday

Ex: breathing: take in atoms that were useful in the air, and you expel atoms that are toxic to you

  1. Does the mass of the earth increase each year?

-since population grows, does the mass of the earth grow?

No because human cells are merely rearrangements of material previously present

Ex: babies in mother grow because food she eats

  1. How big are atoms?

-very small: 1 thimble full of water = 10000000000000000000000000 atoms

  1. Is Neth’s brain made up of the same atoms that were once part of Albert Einstein?

yes, just combined differently, but same “type of atoms”

  1. What is Brownian motion?

-in 1827 Robert Brown saw atoms moving under a microscope

-perpetual jiggling of particles that are just large enough to be seen

  1. What are molecules?

Atoms that combine (covalently) to form large particles

- cannot see molecules, but you can smell them

  1. What is a compound?

-substance that is made of atoms of different elements in fixed proportions

ex: NaCl

  1. What is a chemical formula?

Uses symbols and subscripts to tell the proportion of each kind of atom

  1. What are the parts of an atom?
  1. Who is Rutherford?

-bombarded gold foil with alpha particles and found the nucleus because the particles would not go through the foil. Pg. 250

  1. What are nucleons?

-building blocks of a nucleus i.e. protons and neutrons

  1. What are isotopes?

-atoms with different number of neutrons

  1. What is the importance of the atomic number?

Tells what the element is

-tells how many protons in nucleus

  1. What is an ion?

Atom that has lost (+) or gained (-) an electron

  1. What are the three different types of bonds?

Ionic ( metal + non): gain and lose electrons

Covalent (non + non): share electrons

Metallic (metal + metal): Electron sea

  1. What is the shell model of the atom?

Explains how atoms of different elements interact to form compounds

-electrons are orbiting in spherical shells around the nucleus

What is the periodic table?

-chart that lists atoms by their atomic number and their electron arrangements

-increase by atomic #, which correlates to mass

  1. What is the difference between group and period?

Groups: columns (same properties)

Periods: rows

  1. What are the four phases of matter?

Gas: move fast, spacious, collide

Liquid: flow

Solid: vibrate, tight space

Plasma: positive ions and free electrons, always in motion, high heat

  1. Suppose you could add or subtract protons from oxygen nuclei. To turn oxygen into a gas that would glow red when an electric current flows through it, would you add or subtract protons? How many and why?

if you add 2 protons you would have 10 protons, which is Neon which will glow red when current is flowing

  1. You just swallowed germanium capsules that you thought were harmless. Now that they are in your stomach you realize they have an extra proton in each nucleus. Is this good news or bad? Why?

BAD! 1 more proton means it is arsenic