Physical Science Fall Final Exam Study Guide

This exam will consist of 50 multiple choice questions. It will require you to demonstrate your conceptual knowledge of the standards and elements below.

Textbook Resources

Process Skills

Chapter 1

Matter

Chapters 2-4, 11-15

Force and Motion

Chapter 5-8

Review from book:

Pg. 32-33 #1-10

Pg. 60-61 #1-10

Pg. 84-85 #1-10

Pg. 110-110 #1-10

Pg. 114-145 #1-10

Pg. 174-175 #1-10

Pg. 330-331 #1-10

Pg. 356-357 #1-10

Pg. 382-383 #1-10

Pg. 412-413 #1-10

Questions

**Answer on notebook paper**

S8CS1-9: Science Process Skills

  1. The measurement of the force of gravity on an object is the object’s ______.
  2. The measurement of how much matter an object contains is its ______.
  3. The SI unit for mass is the ______.
  4. The measurement of the amount of mass contained in a given volume is called ______.
  5. What is the formula for calculating the density of an object?
  6. List the steps of the scientific method.
  7. Name and describe the differences between the three variables used in the scientific method.
  8. What is the density of water? What can you tell about the density of an object if it floats in water? If it sinks in water?

S8P1: Students will examine the scientific view of the nature of matter.

a)Distinguish between atoms and molecules.

  1. A group of atoms that are bonded together is called a(n) ______.
  2. Which particle in the atom has a positive charge?
  3. Very energetic particles that move in all directions around the nucleus of an atom are ______
  4. Electrons involved in bonding between atoms are ______.
  5. What is the greatest number of valence electrons an atom can have?

b)Describe the difference between pure substances (elements and compounds) and mixtures.

c)Describe the movement of particles in solids, liquids, gases, and plasma states.

  1. A solid is a state of matter that has a(n) ______.
  2. In which state of matter are particles packed tightly together in fixed positions?
  3. Describe the motion of the particles of a liquid.
  4. In which state of matter do the particles spread apart and fill all the space available to them?
  5. The amount of space that a gas takes up is its ______.
  6. Which term describes a liquid changing into a solid?
  7. When a substance changes from a solid to a gas without passing through a liquid state, the change is described as ______.
  8. What is vaporization?
  9. What is the name of the process that involves a gas changing into a liquid?
  10. The energy a substance has from the movement of its particles is called ______.
  11. In which state of matter would a substance have the least thermal energy?
  12. Ice melts as a result of thermal energy flowing from the ______to the ______.
  13. If a gas in an expandable container is heated, the volume of the gas will ______.

d)Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matter as physical (i.e., density, melting point, boiling point) or chemical (i.e., reactivity, combustibility).

  1. Name 6 properties of matter.
  2. Name at least 3 properties of water.
  3. Each specific substance can be identified by its ______.

e)Distinguish between changes in matter as physical (i.e., physical change) or chemical (i.e., development of a gas, formation of precipitate, and change in color).

  1. List 3 examples of a physical change.
  2. List 3 examples of a chemical change.
  3. Which type of matter consists of two or more substances that are NOT chemically combined?
  4. Name the characteristics of a compound.
  5. Substances that CANNOT be broken down chemically into other substances are ______.
  6. Which process changes matter into one or more new substances?
  7. Water vapor in the air turns to liquid water in the form of rain. This is an example of a ______change.

f)Recognize that there are more than 100 elements and some have similar properties as shown on the Periodic Table of Elements.

  1. In chemistry, elements are represented by ______.
  2. What information in the periodic table indicates the number of protons in an atom?
  3. The elements in a column of the periodic table are all in the same ______.
  4. Across a period of eight elements in the periodic table, the number of valence electrons ______.
  5. Which groups have the same number of valence electrons (within the group)?
  6. In a period of eight elements in the periodic table, the properties of those elements ______.
  7. Where are metals located in the periodic table?
  8. Most metals are naturally in what state of matter?
  9. Which group of elements has two valence electrons in their atoms?
  10. Name three characteristics of transition metals.
  11. Where are nonmetals located on the periodic table?
  12. At room temperature, more than half of the nonmetal elements are in what state of matter?
  13. Sodium metal can react with the nonmetal chlorine to form ______.
  14. Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine are part of a family called ______.
  15. Which elements share characteristics with both metals and nonmetals?

g)Identify and demonstrate the Law of Conservation of Matter.

  1. A shorter, easier way to show chemical reactions, using symbols instead of words, is called a ______.
  2. Symbols of elements are used to write the formulas of compounds much like ______are used to show chemical reactions.
  3. The substances listed on the left side of a chemical equation are the ______.
  4. Why do you have to balance a chemical equation? What law is this related to?
  5. In an equation, numbers often appear in front of a chemical formula and are called ___. These numbers tell you the ______.
  6. A bottle of hydrogen peroxide that eventually turns into a bottle of water and oxygen gas is an example of a ______.
  7. To balance the chemical equation in which hydrogen and oxygen are combined to yield water (H2+O2H2O), one would need to ______.

S8P3: Students will investigate relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects.

a)Determine the relationship between velocity and acceleration.

  1. What is the formula for calculating: speed/velocity, distance, time, acceleration
  2. List 2 units of: distance, time, speed, force (1), mass, acceleration.
  3. When graphing speed, what information is located on the x-axis? On the y-axis? What would a horizontal line mean on this graph?
  4. The shallower the slope on a speed graph, the _____ speed.
  5. When graphing acceleration, what information is located on the x-axis? On the y-axis? What would a horizontal line mean on this graph?
  6. Name three ways an object can accelerate.
  7. Why might velocity or acceleration be a negative number?

b)Demonstrate the effect of balanced and unbalanced forces on an object in terms of gravity, inertia, and friction.

  1. What happens when unbalanced forces act on an object?
  2. What happens when balanced forces act on an object?
  3. What two factors affect the force of gravity between objects?
  4. What are the three types of friction that occur between two solids? Which type is easiest to overcome?
  5. What type of friction is air resistance?
  6. What two factors can affect the strength of friction on surfaces?

S8P5: Students will recognize characteristics of gravity, electricity, and magnetism as major kinds of forces acting in nature.

a)Recognize that every object exerts gravitational force on every other object and that the force exerted depends on how much mass the objects have and how far apart they are.

  1. Gravity causes falling objects on Earth to accelerate at a rate of __.
  2. How does air resistance relate to velocity?

Vocabulary

**Answer on notebook paper**

Process Skills

control variable

observation

accuracy

data

independent variable

model

law

scientific method

base unit

dependent variable

hypothesis

precision

inference

theory

mass

volume

density

gram

temperature

meter

liter

kilo

deca

hecto

deci

centi

milli

Kelvin

Celsius

Matter

mass

volume

density

meniscus

vaporization

condensation

exothermic

liquid

solid

pressure

gas

boiling

sublimation

melting

freezing

evaporation

endothermic

physical property

chemical property

physical change

chemical change

states of matter

change of state

element

pure substance

homogeneous

heterogeneous

metals

nonmetals

metalloids

compound

mixture

solution

solute

solvent

concentration

solubility

suspension

colloid

atom

theory

electrons

model

nucleus

electron clouds

atomic mass unit (AMU)

neutrons

isotopes

mass number

atomic number

protons

atomic mass

noble gases

halogens

alkali-earth metals

alkali metals

group

period

periodic law

periodic

reactivity

valence electrons

chemical bonding

chemical bond

ionic bond

ions

molecule

metallic bonds

covalent bond

chemical reaction

chemical formula

reactants

chemical equations

coefficients

subscripts

ionic compounds

covalent compounds

law of conservation of mass

Force and Motion

terminal velocity

projectile motion

inertia freefall

momentum

pressure

atmospheric pressure

lift

thrust

drag

work

joule

power

watt

machine

work input

work output

force

Newton

friction

motion

speed

acceleration

velocity

net force

inertia