Physical landscapes in the UK

Most of the questions below could be worth either 4 or 6 marks,

You are likely to get an OS map/mapskills/ photos response question in this section so you must be able to identify landforms and management strategies.

Coastal Landscapes

Processes

  • Compare the characteristics of constructive and destructive waves.
  • Explain how weathering processes can shape the coast.
  • Describe the effects of weathering and mass movement on a cliffed coastline.
  • Describe the different types of mass movement and how they can affect a coastline.
  • What factors affect the processes operating along a stretch of coastline?
  • Explain how the processes of coastal erosion can affect the coastline.
  • Explain how sediments may be moved along a coastline.
  • Describe the process of longshore drift and its impact along a coastline.
  • Explain why coastal deposition occurs on some parts of the coast.
  • Explain how physical processes can cause coastal retreat.

Coastal landforms

  • Explain the influence of geological structure on the formation of coastal landforms.
  • Explain how geology influences the formation of headlands and bays.
  • Describe the difference between a concordant and discordant coastline.
  • Explain the formation of one landform /landforms resulting from erosion.
  • Explain how different landforms may be created as a result of transportation and deposition along a coastline.
  • Explain the formation of a depositional landform.
  • Explain the characteristic features you would expect to see along a sand dune.
  • Describe the characteristics and formation of a bar.
  • With reference to an example along a section of coastline in the UK describe the landforms and the key processes involved in their formation.

Management strategies.

  • Explain the costs and benefits of one hard engineering management strategy
  • Explain the costs and benefits of one soft engineering management strategy.
  • Evaluate the cost and benefits of hard engineering management strategies
  • Evaluate the costs and benefits of soft engineering management strategies.
  • Evaluate the benefits of using different management strategies along a stretch of coastline.
  • For a named location, explain the costs and benefits of using hard engineeringtechniques to protect a coastline from erosion.
  • For a named location explain the conflicts that have arisen as a result of coastal management.
  • For a named area of coastline explain why management strategies were needed and evaluate their success.

River Landscapes

Profiles and processes

  • Describe how the long profile of a river changes downstream.
  • Describe how the cross profile of a river and its valley change downstream.
  • Explain how river processes affect the shape of a rivers cross prolife.
  • Explain why the cross profile of a river is different in the upper course to the lower course.
  • Explain why the velocity of a river will increase downstream.
  • Explain how fluvial processes affect the cross profile of a river.
  • Explain the processes of fluvial erosion.
  • Explain the ways in which a river can transport sediment.
  • Why does the way in which a river transports its load vary? (9)
  • How do the size of sediment and the velocity of the river affect the processes of river transportation?
  • Explain why a river deposits sediment.

Landforms

  • Explain how fluvial landforms result from erosional processes.
  • Explain how interlocking spurs (waterfalls / gorges) are formed.
  • Explain how the processes of erosion and deposition create fluvial landforms.
  • Explain how deposition creates fluvial landforms.
  • Explain how levees (floodplains / estuaries) are formed.
  • With reference to a river valley in the UK describe how landforms change from source to mouth.
  • Describe how the processes of erosion and deposition have created landforms along a river in the UK.
  • With reference to a river in the UK to what extent are its features similar to those expected along a river course?

Management

  • Explain how physical factors can affect the risk of flooding.
  • Explain how human factors can affect the risk of flooding.
  • What features of an urban environment increase the risk of flood?
  • Evaluate the impact of physical and human factors in increasing flood risk.
  • River flooding is a natural phenomenon. To what extent to you agree with this view?
  • Describe how drainage basin characteristics can influence the shape of a storm hydrograph.
  • Explain the costs and benefits of one hard engineering management strategy
  • Explain the costs and benefits of one soft engineering management strategy.
  • Evaluate the cost and benefits of hard engineering management strategies
  • Evaluate the costs and benefits of soft engineering management strategies.
  • Explain how a management scheme in the UK has tried to reduce the risk of flooding.
  • With reference to a flood management scheme in the UK explain the social/economic/environmental costs and benefits.
  • Evaluate the success of one flood management scheme in the UK.