CHAPTER 8 TEST
Directions: Show work on problems. Choose correct answer when available and place next to the question number.
1.In a ______, the attractive forces between the atoms and molecules are strong enough to cause them to vibrate about a fixed position.
A. solid B. liquid C. gas D. plasma
2.Albert Einstein developed a theory based upon the evidence of Brownian Motion. Using this theory, he estimated the diameter of a typical atom to be
A. 10-8 m. B. 10-11 m. C. 10-12 m. D. 108 m.
3.The erratic motion of the atoms or molecules that make up a substance is called
A. Kinetic Motion. C. Thermal Motion.
B. Potential Motion. D. Brownian Motion.
4.100C is equal to
A. 100 K. B. 273 K. C. 373 K. D. -73 K.
50K is equal to
A. 0C. B. 273C. C. -273C. D. -173C.
6The size of a degree on the Celsius scale is ______the size of a degree on the Kelvin scale.
A. equal to B. greater than C. less than D. not comparable to
7Four equal lengths of different metals are laminated together and then cooled, as shown in the above diagram. Which metal has the greatest coefficient of linear expansion?
A. A B. B C. C D. D
8The coefficient of linear expansion for concrete is 14 * 10-6 /C. If the length of a sidewalk is 10.0 m at 15C, by how much will it expand at 30C?
A. 2.1 m B. 4.2 cm C. 4.2 mm D. 2.1 mm
9The coefficient of linear expansion for aluminum is 24 * 10-6 /C. An aluminum storm door 1.5 m wide is installed at 5C. How much of a gap is needed between the door and the frame in order for the door to close properly at 40C?
A. 1.3 * 10-3 m. C. 4.8 * 10-3 m.
B. 3.1 * 10-2 m. D. 6.1 * 10-3 m.
10A tanker is filled with 4 * 10-4 L. of gasoline in Texas, where it is 30C, and is driven to Ohio, where it is 10C. If the coefficient of volume expansion for gasoline is 950 * 10-6 /C, by how much has the volume decreased?
A. 1.8 * 102 L C. 5.1 * 102 L
B. 1.8 * 103 L D. 7.6 * 102 L
11The coefficient of volume expansion for air is 3400 * 10-6 /C. If 20.0 L of air has a temperature of 20C, to what temperature must it be heated to increase its volume to 21.0 L?
A. 15C B. 25C C. 35C D. 125C
12A piece of copper, with a specific heat of 3.9 * 102 J/kgC, is given 9.3 * 103 J of heat energy and changes temperature from 32C to 51C. What is the mass of the copper?
A. 1.3 kg B. 2.7 kg C. 5.1 kg D. 7.6 kg
13How much heat energy is required to heat 4000 g of gold, with a specific heat of 1.3 * 102 J/kgC, from 25C to 70C?
A. 4.2 * 103 J C. 6.8 * 103 J
B. 2.3 * 104 J D. 7.5 * 104 J
14How much heat energy is lost when 125 g of brass, with a specific heat of 3.8 * 102 J/kgC, is cooled from 25C to -15C?
A. 1.9 * 103 J C. 3.7 * 104 J
B. 5.4 * 103 J D. 1.9 * 106 J
15Suppose 4.5 * 104 J of heat energy is transferred to 1.4 kg of aluminum, with a specific heat of 9.0 * 102 J/kgC, initially at 18C. What will be its final temperature?
A. 20C B. 36C C. 48C D.54
16After absorbing 3.5 * 104 J of heat energy, 250 g of sand, with a specific heat of 8.0 * 102 J/kgC, reaches a final temperature of 120C. What was its initial temperature?
A. -55C B. 10C C. 74C D. 100C
17A 500 g block of metal gains 5.8 * 102 J of heat energy and changes temperature from 20C to 29C. What is the specific heat of the metal?
A. 1.3 * 101 J/kgC C. 1.3 * 102 J/kgC
B. 4.6 * 102 J/kgC D. 4.6 * 103 J/kgC
18Suppose 200 g of 20C water, with a specific heat of 4.2 * 103 J/kgC, is mixed with 200 g of 80C water. What will be the final temperature of the mixture?
A. 40C B. 45C C. 50C D. 60C
19A 500 g block of 70C metal is submerged in 250 g of water, with a specific heat of 4.3 * 103 J/kgC, at 18C. If the final temperature is 26C, what is the specific heat capacity of the metal?
A. 2.5 * 102 J/kgC C. 4.5 * 102 J/kgC
B. 3.9 * 102 J/kgC D. 5.1 * 102 J/kgC
USE THE ABOVE DIAGRAM AND THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION AND THE NEXT 2 QUESTIONS.
In the diagram above, 50 g of 80C gold, with a specific heat of 1.3 * 102 J/kgC, is dropped into 250 g of water, with a specific heat of 4.2 * 103 J/kgC, and the mixture reaches a final temperature of 40C.
20What is the amount of heat lost by the gold?
A. 40C B. 260 J C. 30C D. 340 J
21What is the amount of heat gained by the water?
A. 40C B. 260 J C. 30C D. 340 J
22What was the temperature of the water before the gold was added?
A. 20C B. 30C C. 40C D. 50C
USE THE ABOVE DIAGRAM TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION AND THE NEXT QUESTION.
In the above diagram, 500 g of 20C methanol, with a specific heat of 2.5 * 102 J/kgC, is mixed with 500 g of 80C water, with a specific heat of 4.2 * 103 J/kgC.
23What is the final temperature of the mixture?
A. 40C B. 50C C. 63C D. 77C
24How much additional energy must be added to raise the temperature of the mixture by 10C?
A. 2.1 * 104 J/kgC C. 2.2 * 104 J/kgC
B. 1.25 * 103 J/kgC D. 4.2 * 104 J/kgC
USE THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION AND THE NEXT 3 QUESTIONS.
A 300 g sample of metal at 100C is submerged in 200 g of water, with a specific heat of 4.2 * 103 J/kgC, at 20C. The water is contained in a 40 g aluminum calorimeter cup, with a specific heat of 9.0 * 102 J/kgC, also at 20C. The final temperature of the system is 24C.
25How much heat energy was gained by the water?
A. 8.7 * 103 J C. 4.9 * 103 J
B. 7.1 * 103 J D. 3.4 * 103 J
26How much heat energy was gained by the calorimeter cup?
A. 1.4 * 102 JB. 3.3 * 102 J C. 5.7 * 102 J D. 8.3 * 102 J
27How much heat energy was lost by the sample of metal?
A. 1.2 * 103 J C. 4.8 * 103 J
B. 3.5 * 103 J D. 7.2 * 103 J
28What is the specific heat of the sample of metal?
A. 7.2 * 102 J/kgC C. 1.5 * 102 J/kgC
B. 5.4 * 102 J/kgC D. 3.6 * 102 J/kgC
29Which of the following requires the greatest amount of heat energy on equal amounts of water?
A. to change 0C ice to 0C water
B. to change 0C water to 100C water
C. to change 100C water to 100C steam
D. They all require equal amounts of energy.
USE THE ABOVE GRAPH TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION AND THE NEXT 2 QUESTIONS.
30What does section X represent?
A. specific heat C. heat of vaporization
B. heat of fusion D. calorimetry
31What does section Y represent?
A. specific heat C. heat of vaporization
B. heat of fusion D. calorimetry
USE THE ABOVE DIAGRAM TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION AND THE FOLLOWING QUESTION.
32Which of the following features of an aluminum calorimeter does NOT provide insulation between the inner vessel and the outer vessel?
A. fiber ring B. wooden lid C. rubber stopper D. air space
33How much will the temperature of the air space be raised by 10 J of heat? (density of air = 0.0012 g/mL, specific heat capacity of air = 1.0 * 103 J/kgC)
A. 7.5C B. 11C C. 9.0C D. 90C
USE THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION AND THE NEXT 5 QUESTIONS.
The latent heat of fusion for water is 3.3 x 105 J/kg.
The latent heat of vaporization for water is 2.3 x 106 J/kg.
The specific heat for water is 4.2 * 103 J/kgC.
34How much heat energy is required to change 40 g of ice at 0C to water at 0C?
A. 1.3 * 104 J C. 4.6 * 104 J
B. 1.3 x 105 J D. 4.6 x 105 J
35How much heat energy is required to change 200 g of 100C water to 100C steam?
A. 4.6 * 103 J C. 9.1 * 104 J
B. 4.6 * 105 J D. 9.1 * 105 J
36How much heat is required to change 3.0 kg of 80C water to 100C steam?
A. 2.5 * 105 J C. 7.2 x 106 J
B. 6.9 x 106 J D. 8.4 x 107 J
37How much heat must be lost by 250 g of 20C water to change it to 0C ice?
A. 2.1 * 104 J C. 8.3 * 104 J
B. 6.5 * 104 J D. 1.0 * 105 J
38How much heat energy is required to melt 30 g of 0C ice into 0C water?
A. 9.9 * 103 J C. 4.3 * 103 J
B. 8.5 * 103 J D. 1.7 * 104 J
39How much heat energy is required to warm 30 g of 0C water to 13C water?
A. 8.7 * 103 J C. 5.3 * 103 J
B. 6.7 * 103 J D. 1.6 * 103 J
40A heat engine is a device that changes heat energy into
A. potential energy. C. electrical energy.
B. mechanical energy. D. chemical energy.
41The First Law of Thermodynamics in essence states that energy is
A. gained. B. lost. C. conserved. D. all of the same form.
42The transfer of heat energy from a low temperature region to a higher temperature region requires the application of
A. thermodynamics. C. nothing; it occurs naturally.
B. temperature. D. work.
43Which of the following is NOT a method for heat energy transfer?
A conduction B. condensation C. convection D. radiation
USE THE FOLLOWING TABLE TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION AND THE NEXT 2 QUESTIONS.
------|------
Material, 10 cm thickness | RSI
------|------
Brick | 0.08
Gypsum board| 0.46
Plywood | 0.88
Fiberglass | 2.11
Cellulose fiber | 2.29
------|------
44What is the RSI value of 15 cm of brick?
A. 0.08 B. 0.12 C. 0.16 D. 0.20
45What is the RSI value of 8 cm of cellulose fiber?
A. 2.29 B. 0.86 C. 1.15 D. 1.83
46What is the RSI value of a wall that consists of 1 cm of plywood, 15 cm of fiberglass, and 1.5 cm of gypsum board?
A. 3.32 B. 4.26 C. 3.06 D. 2.86
47On a day when the outside temperature is 4C, what percentage of the regular fuel used to heat a house would be saved by lowering the thermostat setting from 20C to 16C?
A. 10% B. 20% C. 25% D. 30%
48The average amount of solar power received at ground level is 300 W/m2. An area of 65 m2 is composed of solar panels on a roof. If the system is 15% efficient, how much heat energy is stored in the solar tank during 8 h of sunshine?
A. 4200 J C. 5.6 * 108 J
B. 8.4 * 107 J D. 1.7 * 1010 J
49In the United States, on which side of the house should you place large windows to allow maximum solar radiation to enter?
A. north B. south C. east D. west
50Using the Kinetic Molecular Theory, compare the attractive forces between molecules and atoms in the three states of matter.
51Describe the two types of thermal energy contained in all molecules.
52Why is it wise for people not to fill their gasoline tanks completely full on a warm sunny day?
53Describe the inversion process that takes place as a lake freezes.
54Upon what two points is the Celsius scale based?
55In terms of molecular energy, what does 0 K represent?
56Why is water used in many heating systems?
57At the boiling point of a substance, additional heat energy does not increase the temperature of the substance. What happens to this additional energy?
58Why is the latent heat of vaporization of a substance greater than its latent heat of fusion?
59State the First Law of Thermodynamics.
60State the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
61Give three ways to reduce the loss of heat energy in a house and lower home heating costs.
62Home solar heating systems take advantage of which type of heat energy transfer?
USE THE FOLLOWING KEY TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION AND THE NEXT 3 QUESTIONS.
KEY: A. specific heat capacity C. Brownian Motion
B. temperature D. heat
63.What is characterized by random, erratic movement?
.What is the measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance called?
64.What is the measure of thermal energy flow?
65.What is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance 1C called? ______
USE THE FOLLOWING KEY TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION AND THE NEXT 3 QUESTIONS.
KEY: A. heat engine C. calorimetry
B. latent heat D. thermodynamics
66.What is the measurement of heat exchange called?
67.What is the heat energy involved in a change in state called?
68.What is the study of transformations between heat and other forms of energy called?
69.What is a device that changes heat into mechanical work called?
70.A 50.0 cm metal rod at 20C is heated to 100C with steam and expands to 50.15 cm. What is the metal's coefficient of linear expansion?
A. 10.2 * 10-6 /C C. 48.6 * 10-6 /C
B. 37.5 * 10-6 /C D. 61.3 * 10-6 /C
71.A student calculates the coefficient of linear expansion for iron to be 18 *10-6 /C, while the expected value is 12 x 10-6/C. What is the percent error?
A. 10% B. 33% C. 50% D. 67%
72.The water absorbs the heat from the immersion heater at a much greater rate than air does.An immersion heater that is plugged in and left on the countertop will melt, but if placed in water, it doesn't. Why?
73.Suppose 80 g of 20C water, with a specific heat of 4.2 * 103 J/kgC, is warmed by a 50 W immersion heater to 40C in 2.5 min. What would the efficiency of the immersion heater be?
A. 40% B. 60% C. 80% D. 90%
74.One lab group obtained an experimental value of 3.1 * 102 J/kgC for the specific heat of copper, while the accepted value is 3.9 * 102 J/kgC. What is the percent error?
A. 12% B. 18% C. 21% D. 26%
75.A 32 g aluminum calorimeter cup, with a specific heat of 9.0 * 102 J/kgC, is filled with 80 g of water, with a specific heat of 4.2 * 103 J/kgC. Both the cup and the water are at 20C. At 230 g block of metal at 100C is placed in the water, and the system reaches a final temperature of 25C.
76.What is the specific heat of the metal?
A. 1.1 * 102 J/kgC C. 4.8 * 102 J/kgC
B. 3.2 * 102 J/kgC D. 6.3 * 102 J/kgC
77.In an experiment, 80 g of water, with a specific heat of 4.2 * 103 J/kgC, is poured into a 32 g aluminum calorimeter cup, with a specific heat of 9.0 * 102 J/kgC. The temperature of the cup and water is 75C. A cube of 0C ice is added to the water, and the system reaches a final temperature of 45C. If the latent heat of fusion of ice is 3.3 x 105 J/kg, what is the mass of the ice cube?
A. 21 g B. 30 g C. 42 g D. 58 g
78.If some of the ice to be put in a calorimeter cup melted before being placed in the water, would the calculated heat of fusion be higher or lower? Why?
79.The heat content of 20 g of 100C water is ______the heat content of 20 g of 100C steam.
A. equal to C. less than
B. greater than D. cannot be compared with
80.In an experiment, 80 g of water, with a specific heat of 4.2 * 103 J/kgC, is placed into a 32 g aluminum calorimeter cup, with a specific heat of 9.0 * 102 J/kgC. The temperature of the water and cup is 20C. Next, 5 g of 100C steam, with a latent heat of vaporization of 2.3 x 106 J/kg, is pumped into the water. What will be the final temperature of the system?
A. 43C B. 55C C. 65C D. 76C