Phylogeny Quiz

Chapter 26

  1. Based on the phylogenetic tree shown below, which of the following statements is true?
  2. The tree is polyphyletic because it does not include all of the descendants.
  3. The tree is based on analogous traits.
  4. The pigeon is the sister taxon to the crocodile.
  5. The lizard is more closely related to the salamander than to the pigeon.
  1. It has been proposed that eukaryotic cells are actually hybrids of archaean and bacterial cells. Which of the following statements does NOT support this idea?
  2. Eukaryotic and Archaea cells have a common ancestor.
  3. The ribosomes found in the mitochondria are made of rRNA that is similar to the cells of bacteria.
  4. The DNA of eukaryotes is enclosed in a nucleus like that of Archaea.
  5. The circular DNA found in the chloroplasts of eukaryotic plant cells are similar to the circular DNA found in bacteria.

Questions 3-4

Hemoglobin is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells of all mammals. Blood samples were collected from five different mammalian species and subsequently analyzed. The results for the Hemoglobin A analysis are summarized in the table below.

  1. According to the data, which two species would be considered a sister taxon?
  2. Mouse and human
  3. Dog and mouse
  4. Donkey and horse
  5. Donkey and dog
  1. Which cladogramdepicts the best phylogenetic relationship of these species based on the data table?

Questions 5-6

The table below indicates the presence of derived plant structures in variousplant taxa with a Y and the absence of derived plant structures with a N.

  1. According to the data, which of the following cladograms is best supported?
  1. Which one of the plant taxon shown in the data table could be designated as an outgroup?
  2. Angiosperms
  3. Pterophytes
  4. Charophytes
  5. Gymnosperms
  1. In species X a critical polypeptide has the following amino acid sequence:

met-ala-cys-cys-phe-try-phe-pro

The amino acid sequence of five other species is determined. Which of these species is probably least related to species X?

  1. met-ala-cys-cys-phe-try-phe-glu
  2. met-ala-ser-cys-phe-try-phe-pro
  3. met-ala-cys-cys-phe-arg-phe-pro
  4. met-ala-ser-cys-arg-try-phe-pro
  1. Which of the following is correct from general to very specific
  2. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Family, Order, Genus, Species
  3. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Family, Genus, Species, Order
  4. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
  5. Species, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus
  1. These animals are all placed in the vertebrate class Amphibia and the order Anura
  2. wood frog, Rana sylvatica
  3. bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana
  4. western toad, Bufo boreas
  5. spadefoot toat, Scaphiopus hammondi

What is the most likely conclusion about the evolutionary relationship between or among these organisms?

  1. The wood frog and bullfrog are better jumpers than the wester toad and spadefoot toad.
  2. The wood frog and bullfrog share a more recent common ancestor than do the western toad and the spadefoot toad.
  3. The western toad and the spadefoot toad share a more recent common ancestor than do the wood frog and the bullfrog.
  4. The western toad and the spadefoot toad both evolved in western North America, while the wood frog and the bullfrog evolved in the tropics.
  1. Some scientists propose that the kingdom Protista should be broken up into several kingdoms. Which of these statements accurately supports this idea?
  2. Protists are all very similar and easy to confuse.
  3. Protists contains very diverse organisms that do not fit into other kingdoms.
  4. Protists are the most numerous organisms on Earth.
  5. Protists evolved before any other kingdom.