PHOTO 1STUDY GUIDE PART 1 FOR FINAL EXAMMS. PATRICK
1) The part of the scene thatappears behind the principal subject of the picture.
BACKGROUND
2) The pleasing arrangement of the elements within a scene.
COMPOSITION
3) The area between the camera and the principal subject or in front of the frame.
FOREGROUND
4) The apparent size and depth of objects within an image.
PERSPECTIVE
5) A picture taking device usually consisting of a light-tight container, a film holder, a shutter to admit a measured quantity of light, and a lens to focus the image.
CAMERA
6) The tiny opening in a pinhole camera that produces an image.
PINHOLE
7) The amount of light reaching the light sensitive material.
EXPOSURE
8) Absolutely dark. Protected by opaque material, overlapping panels or some other system through which light cannot pass.
LIGHT TIGHT
9) The action of keeping the developer, stop bath, or fixer in a gentle, uniform motion while processing film or paper. It also helps to speed and achieve even development and prevent spotting or staining.
AGITATION
10) The process of placing a things such as a film negative, a paper negative, or a tape transfer negative in contact with sensitized material (usually paper) and then passing light through the negative onto the material for a certain amount of time. The resulting image, after developing it, is the same size as the negative.
CONTACT PRINTING
11) An optical instrument ordinarily used to project an image of a negative onto sensitized paper.
ENLARGER
12) Describes a scene, negative, or print with very great differences in brightness between light and dark areas. Opposite: flat.
CONTRASTY
13) Traces of chemicals that are present where they don’t belong, causing loss of chemical activity, staining or other problems. This tends to happen when students use one tong in all the chemicals instead of using the tong that is assigned to the specific chemical.
(I know who you are.)
CONTAMINATION
14) The material used in a camera to record a photographic image.
NEGATIVE FILM
15) Printing only part of the image that is in the negative instead of the entire picture, usually for a more pleasing composition.
CROPPING
16) A light tight area used for processing films and for printing and processing papers; also for loading and unloading film holders and some cameras.
DARKROOM
17) The entire process by which exposed film or paper is treated with various chemicals to make an image that is visible and permanent.
DEVELOPING
18) A darkroom accessory used to hold printing paper flat and in place under the enlarger.
EASEL
19) A device consisting of a light source, a negative holder, and a lens, and the means of adjusting these to project an enlarged image from a negative onto a sheet of photographic paper.
ENLARGER
20) A weak solution of acetic acid that neutralizes / deactivates / counteracts / discontinues / halts / obstructs / prohibits the developing action on film and prints.
STOP BATH
21) To trim the edges of an image, often to improve the composition. It can be done by moving the camera position while viewing a scene, by adjusting the enlarger or easel during printing, or by trimming the finished print.
CROP
22) A chemical solution that makes a photographic image insensitive to light
FIXER
23) A scene, negative or print with very little difference in brightness between light and dark areas. It describes a negative or print with low contrast.
FLAT
24) The relative lightness or darkness of an area.
VALUE
25) The step in which film or paper is immersed in developer.
DEVELOPER / DEKTOL
26) A condition in which too much light reaches the film, producing a dense negative or a very bright/light print if printed from a dense negative.
OVEREXPOSURE
27) Any image with tones corresponding to those of the subject.
POSITIVE
28) Any image with tones that are the reverse of those in the subject.
NEGATIVE
29) A positive picture, usually on paper, and usually produced from a negative.
A PRINT
30) A chemical solution that changes the invisible, latent image produced during exposure into a visible one.
DEVELOPER
31) The action of developing, fixing, and washing exposed photographic film or paper to produce either a negative image or a positive image.
DEVELOPING
32) A light used in the darkroom during printing to provide general illumination without giving unwanted exposure.
SAFELIGHT
33) Discolored areas on film or paper usually caused by contaminated developing solutions due to students using the same tong in each chemical or by insufficient fixing, washing, or agitation.
STAIN
34) A condition in which too little light reaches the film, producing a thin negative or a muddy-looking print.
UNDEREXPOSED
35) An optical instrument ordinarily used to project an image of a negative onto sensitized paper or used as a light source to contact print onto sensitized paper.
ENLARGER
36) A light tight, factory-loaded film container(metal) that can be placed in and removed from the camera in daylight.
CASSETTE / CARTRIDGE
37) The film in the camera during exposure that is subsequently developed to produce an image with tones that are the reverse of those in the subject.
NEGATIVE FILM
38) A metal or plastic circular object with spiral grooves into which roll film is loaded for development.
REEL
39) A light-tight fabric container into which a photographer can insert his or her hands to handle film when a darkroom is not available.
CHANGING BAG
40) One individual picture on a roll of film.
A FRAME
41) To give more than the normal amount of development
OVERDEVELOPMENT
42) A technique of composing a work of art by pasting on a single surface various materials not normally associated with one another, as newspaper clippings, parts of photographs, theater tickets, and fragments of an envelope.
COLLAGE
43) A light tight container for developer or other processing chemicals into which film is placed for development.
TANK
44) An image formed by placing material directly onto a sheet of sensitized film or printing paper and then exposing the sheet to light
CONTACT PRINT
45) Images made by taking a photo, making a photocopy of the photo and then transferring the image to another medium. It could be paper to paper, paper to fabric, photo to fabric, paper to domino, and paper to polymer clay.
IMAGE TRANSFER
46) Please name the technique below. TAPE TRANSFER
47) A chemical solution that changes the invisible, latent image produced during exposure into a visible one.
DEVELOPER
48) The developed film that contains a reversed image of the original scene.
NEGATIVE FILM
49) To give less development than normal
UNDERDEVELOP
50) What type of camera created this picture?
PINHOLE CAMERA
PHOTOGRAPHY ESSAY(S)
51) Is photography an art? Why or why not? Please give AT LEAST 3 specific examples in order to back up your opinion.
______
52) What are the names of the photo chemicals used, list them in the order that they are used, and how long does a print stay in EACH OF them when printing a picture in the darkroom?
______
53) How and why do you make a test strip when printing in the darkroom?
______
54) How do you make a contact print in the darkroom?
______
55) What technically makes a print a correct / well printed photograph?
______
56) What does it mean when your exposed photo paper turns black in the developer? What do you do to correct it?
______
57) What does it mean when your exposed photo paper stays white in the developer?
______
58) What does it mean when the already exposed and developed photo paper starts to turn purplish to black when brought into the white light of the classroom?
______
59) What does it mean when you can just barely see your image on your photo paper after you have developed it? What do you do in order to correct it?
______