Phd Thesis Outline for Samuel Wilson (25727)
1
HUMANNESS BELIEFS ABOUT BEHAVIOR
Supporting Online Material for
Humanness beliefs about behavior: An index and comparative human-nonhuman behavior judgments
Samuel G. Wilson* 1, 2
Nick Haslam 1
1 Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne
2 Present address: School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University
*To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
This file contains:
60 behaviors rank ordered according to standardized HN rating (highest to lowest)
60 behaviors rank ordered according to standardized HU rating (highest to lowest)
Ratings of 60 alphabetically ordered behaviors on eight conceptual judgments (in standard scores)
Table 7
60 behaviors rank ordered according to standardized HN rating (highest to lowest)
Behavior / Rank / M / SD / zSleeping / 1 / 6.39 / 1.41 / 1.51
Sex / 2 / 6.38 / 1.22 / 1.50
Establishing affectionate relationships / 3 / 6.35 / 0.92 / 1.46
Eating/drinking / 4 / 6.27 / 1.50 / 1.37
Forming social groups / 5 / 6.23 / 0.93 / 1.33
Verbal communication / 6 / 6.23 / 0.85 / 1.33
Locomotion (e.g., walking) / 7 / 6.13 / 1.44 / 1.21
Facial expressions / 8 / 6.12 / 1.31 / 1.20
Maternal care for young / 9 / 6.11 / 1.26 / 1.19
Speaking/talking / 10 / 6.11 / 1.11 / 1.19
Non-vocal communication / 11 / 5.87 / 1.20 / 0.92
Scanning the environment / 12 / 5.84 / 1.28 / 0.88
Helping family members / 13 / 5.77 / 1.11 / 0.81
Exploring the environment / 14 / 5.65 / 1.36 / 0.67
Greeting gestures / 15 / 5.59 / 1.31 / 0.60
Solving problems / 16 / 5.49 / 1.05 / 0.49
Planning / 17 / 5.48 / 1.10 / 0.48
Carrying objects / 18 / 5.47 / 1.52 / 0.46
Grasping objects / 19 / 5.46 / 1.43 / 0.45
Verbal reasoning / 20 / 5.39 / 1.25 / 0.37
Making things / 21 / 5.38 / 1.33 / 0.36
Navigating obstacles / 22 / 5.38 / 1.55 / 0.36
Negotiation / 23 / 5.38 / 1.28 / 0.36
Paternal care for young / 24 / 5.38 / 1.29 / 0.36
Teaching / 25 / 5.38 / 1.37 / 0.36
Postures surrender/triumph / 26 / 5.34 / 1.38 / 0.32
Working / 27 / 5.30 / 1.33 / 0.27
Building shelter / 28 / 5.27 / 1.42 / 0.24
Fighting / 29 / 5.20 / 1.37 / 0.16
Acting/pretending / 30 / 5.14 / 1.32 / 0.09
Growing food / 31 / 5.11 / 1.53 / 0.06
Judging others / 32 / 5.52 / 1.24 / 0.05
Making music / 33 / 5.08 / 1.42 / 0.02
Playing physical games / 34 / 5.05 / 1.43 / -0.01
Singing / 35 / 5.01 / 1.31 / -0.06
Making art / 36 / 5.00 / 1.32 / -0.07
Writing / 37 / 4.97 / 1.50 / -0.10
Reading / 38 / 4.95 / 1.68 / -0.13
Practising / 39 / 4.92 / 1.28 / -0.16
Following rules / 40 / 4.86 / 1.25 / -0.23
Playing thinking games / 41 / 4.82 / 1.42 / -0.27
Making rules / 42 / 4.81 / 1.39 / -0.29
Impulsive aggression / 43 / 4.77 / 1.36 / -0.33
Helping strangers / 44 / 4.73 / 1.23 / -0.38
Hunting / 45 / 4.71 / 1.60 / -0.4
Performing complicated tasks / 46 / 4.61 / 1.44 / -0.51
Numerical reasoning / 47 / 4.49 / 1.55 / -0.65
Punishing / 48 / 4.39 / 1.45 / -0.76
Studying / 49 / 4.39 / 1.56 / -0.76
Calculating / 50 / 4.37 / 1.47 / -0.78
Serving others / 51 / 4.23 / 1.38 / -0.94
Performing repetitive tasks / 52 / 4.17 / 1.42 / -1.01
Bullying / 53 / 4.09 / 1.49 / -1.1
Calculated aggression / 54 / 4.06 / 1.49 / -1.14
Torturing / 55 / 3.49 / 1.54 / -1.78
Stealing / 56 / 3.42 / 1.38 / -1.86
Killing / 57 / 3.37 / 1.58 / -1.92
Begging / 58 / 3.33 / 1.48 / -1.97
Self-harm / 59 / 2.91 / 1.52 / -2.44
Rape / 60 / 2.55 / 1.50 / -2.85
Table 8
60 behaviors rank ordered according to standardized HU rating (highest to lowest)
Behavior / Rank / M / SD / zReading / 1 / 6.13 / 1.39 / 2.10
Studying / 2 / 6.01 / 1.31 / 2.02
Writing / 3 / 6.02 / 1.65 / 2.02
Numerical reasoning / 4 / 5.88 / 1.2 / 1.92
Growing food / 5 / 5.63 / 1.65 / 1.75
Performing calculations / 6 / 5.54 / 1.47 / 1.68
Speaking/talking / 7 / 5.34 / 1.88 / 1.54
Verbal reasoning / 8 / 5.30 / 1.77 / 1.51
Making art / 9 / 5.18 / 1.58 / 1.43
Self-harm / 10 / 4.94 / 1.89 / 1.26
Playing thinking games / 11 / 4.55 / 1.96 / 0.99
Making music / 12 / 4.35 / 2.04 / 0.84
Working / 13 / 4.25 / 2.09 / 0.77
Helping strangers / 14 / 4.22 / 1.58 / 0.75
Rape / 15 / 4.00 / 2.05 / 0.60
Calculated aggression / 16 / 3.90 / 1.74 / 0.53
Making rules / 17 / 3.70 / 1.83 / 0.39
Begging / 18 / 3.68 / 1.90 / 0.37
Judging others / 19 / 3.67 / 1.81 / 0.36
Planning / 20 / 3.67 / 1.88 / 0.36
Negotiation / 21 / 3.60 / 1.96 / 0.32
Practising / 22 / 3.50 / 1.83 / 0.24
Performing complicated tasks / 23 / 3.45 / 1.71 / 0.21
Torturing / 24 / 3.45 / 1.94 / 0.21
Singing / 25 / 3.39 / 1.79 / 0.17
Problem solving / 26 / 3.24 / 1.67 / 0.06
Stealing / 27 / 3.19 / 1.85 / 0.03
Following rules / 28 / 3.13 / 1.63 / -0.02
Verbal communication / 29 / 3.08 / 2.01 / -0.05
Punishing / 30 / 3.04 / 1.67 / -0.08
Making things / 31 / 3.02 / 1.74 / -0.09
Serving others / 32 / 3.01 / 1.62 / -0.10
Bullying / 33 / 2.83 / 1.56 / -0.23
Acting/pretending / 34 / 2.75 / 1.63 / -0.28
Teaching / 35 / 2.72 / 1.71 / -0.31
Paternal care for young / 36 / 2.63 / 1.51 / -0.37
Postures surrender/triumph / 37 / 2.47 / 1.82 / -0.48
Helping family members / 38 / 2.41 / 1.66 / -0.52
Greeting gestures / 39 / 2.38 / 1.4 / -0.55
Establishing affectionate relationships / 40 / 2.32 / 1.58 / -0.59
Playing physical games / 41 / 2.31 / 1.33 / -0.6
Performing repetitive tasks / 42 / 2.28 / 1.58 / -0.62
Grasping objects / 43 / 2.19 / 1.37 / -0.68
Forming social groups / 44 / 2.05 / 1.37 / -0.78
Facial expressions / 45 / 1.93 / 1.06 / -0.86
Hunting / 46 / 1.85 / 1.63 / -0.92
Exploring the environment / 47 / 1.78 / 1.29 / -0.97
Building shelter / 48 / 1.76 / 1.14 / -0.98
Non-vocal communication / 49 / 1.74 / 1.15 / -1.00
Scanning the environment / 50 / 1.71 / 1.19 / -1.02
Impulsive aggression / 51 / 1.62 / 1.00 / -1.08
Navigation obstacles / 52 / 1.59 / 1.05 / -1.10
Killing / 53 / 1.44 / 0.78 / -1.21
Eating/drinking / 54 / 1.43 / 1.17 / -1.22
Carrying objects / 55 / 1.40 / 0.92 / -1.24
Maternal care for young / 56 / 1.39 / 0.77 / -1.24
Fighting / 57 / 1.35 / 0.64 / -1.27
Locomotion (e.g., walking) / 58 / 1.32 / 0.98 / -1.29
Sleeping / 59 / 1.26 / 0.89 / -1.34
Sex / 60 / 1.23 / 0.75 / -1.36
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HUMANNESS BELIEFS ABOUT BEHAVIOR
Table 9
Ratings of 60 alphabetically ordered behaviours on eight conceptual judgments (in standard scores)
Behaviour / Positivity / Emotion / Universal / Prevalent / Maturity / Cognitive / Learned / MoralityActing/pretending / -0.27 / 0.50 / -0.30 / 0.17 / -0.69 / 0.54 / -0.15 / 0.35
Begging / -1.65 / 0.39 / -1.55 / -1.78 / -0.14 / -0.88 / -0.08 / 0.28
Building shelter / 0.51 / -1.01 / 0.60 / -0.62 / 1.52 / 0.79 / 0.71 / -0.76
Bullying / -2.01 / 0.87 / -0.29 / -1.11 / -0.22 / -0.57 / 0.14 / 1.36
Calculated aggression / -1.68 / 0.74 / -0.74 / -1.26 / 1.23 / 0.62 / 0.30 / 1.50
Calculations (performing) / 0.14 / -1.46 / -1.00 / -0.11 / 0.82 / 1.53 / 1.30 / -1.19
Carrying/moving objects / 0.38 / -1.63 / 1.18 / 1.00 / -1.14 / -1.29 / -0.67 / -1.44
Complicated task / 0.21 / -0.88 / -0.40 / -0.11 / 1.04 / 1.50 / 1.16 / -0.89
Eating/drinking / 0.93 / -1.00 / 1.58 / 1.32 / -1.99 / -1.87 / -2.17 / -1.46
Establishing affectionate relationships / 1.09 / 1.55 / 0.91 / 0.93 / -0.94 / 0.10 / -0.86 / 1.21
Exploring the environment / 0.58 / -0.44 / 0.41 / -0.03 / -1.18 / -0.05 / -1.47 / -0.70
Facial expressions / 0.53 / 1.22 / 1.26 / 1.21 / -1.60 / -1.46 / -2.01 / -0.18
Fighting / -1.33 / 1.22 / 0.83 / 0.13 / -0.90 / -1.19 / -0.88 / 1.27
Following rules / 0.18 / -0.45 / -0.12 / 0.51 / -0.54 / 0.06 / 0.81 / 0.93
Forming social groups / 0.88 / 1.02 / 0.98 / 1.00 / -0.31 / -0.03 / -0.83 / 0.45
Grasping/manipulating objects / 0.25 / -1.58 / 0.71 / 0.77 / -1.04 / -0.96 / -1.06 / -1.20
Greeting gestures / 0.46 / 0.35 / 0.51 / 0.94 / -0.94 / -1.11 / -0.01 / -0.07
Growing food / 0.55 / -1.38 / 0.95 / -0.93 / 0.66 / -0.38 / 1.30 / -0.76
Helping family members / 0.82 / 0.95 / 0.11 / 0.49 / -0.37 / -0.50 / -0.45 / 1.33
Helping strangers / 0.61 / 0.79 / -1.27 / -0.41 / 0.54 / -0.31 / 0.35 / 1.60
Hunting / -0.52 / -0.97 / -1.14 / -1.69 / 1.19 / -0.28 / 0.24 / -0.40
Impulsive aggression / -1.67 / 1.14 / 0.23 / -0.32 / -0.83 / -1.74 / -1.48 / 1.25
Judging others / -1.12 / 0.73 / 0.40 / 0.61 / 0.36 / 0.22 / 0.14 / 1.25
Killing / -2.18 / 1.11 / 0.08 / -2.60 / 1.52 / -0.38 / -0.44 / 1.82
Locomotion (e.g., walking) / 0.76 / -1.48 / 1.50 / 1.29 / -1.27 / -1.60 / -0.60 / -1.41
Making art / 0.41 / 0.93 / 0.05 / -0.66 / -0.41 / 0.68 / 0.35 / -0.35
Making rules / -0.13 / -0.71 / 0.23 / -0.38 / 0.54 / 1.05 / 0.71 / 0.19
Making things (e.g., objects) / 0.43 / -0.99 / 0.80 / -0.28 / 0.05 / 0.75 / 0.68 / -0.76
Maternal care for young / 0.99 / 1.42 / -0.24 / 0.86 / 1.18 / -0.17 / -1.07 / 1.05
Making music / 0.62 / 1.17 / 0.63 / -0.46 / -0.64 / 0.92 / 0.66 / -0.31
Navigating obstacles / 0.33 / -1.37 / 0.58 / 0.75 / -0.72 / -0.14 / -0.74 / -1.27
Negotiation / 0.55 / 0.32 / 0.13 / 0.29 / 0.58 / 1.36 / 0.75 / 0.33
Non-vocal communication / 0.58 / 0.70 / 0.95 / 0.92 / -1.34 / -0.48 / -1.60 / -0.32
Numerical reasoning / 0.21 / -1.61 / -1.34 / -0.06 / 0.96 / 1.34 / 1.27 / -1.16
Paternal care for young / 0.90 / 1.31 / -2.64 / -0.09 / 1.46 / -0.21 / -0.45 / 0.92
Planning / 0.54 / -0.68 / 0.30 / 0.50 / 0.78 / 1.29 / 0.38 / -0.36
Playing thinking games / 0.34 / -0.94 / -1.50 / -0.28 / 0.50 / 1.56 / 0.94 / -0.81
Playing physical games / 0.41 / -0.52 / -0.52 / 0.08 / -0.93 / -0.75 / -0.07 / -0.83
Postures of surrender/triumph / -0.32 / 0.91 / 0.03 / 0.26 / -0.87 / -1.39 / -1.07 / 0.08
Practising / 0.26 / -0.76 / -0.29 / 0.29 / -0.30 / 0.35 / 0.33 / -0.77
Problem solving / 0.70 / -1.05 / 0.33 / 0.44 / 0.01 / 1.50 / 0.44 / -0.64
Punishing others / -1.44 / 0.91 / -0.02 / -0.45 / 0.51 / -0.01 / 0.38 / 1.37
Rape / -2.31 / 0.77 / -0.59 / -2.67 / 2.26 / -0.81 / 0.27 / 1.95
Reading / 0.77 / -0.01 / -1.15 / 0.51 / -0.30 / 1.12 / 1.91 / -0.54
Repetitive behaviours / -0.86 / -1.48 / -0.22 / 0.18 / -0.14 / -1.07 / 0.14 / -0.90
Scanning the environment / 0.47 / -1.24 / 0.65 / 0.73 / -0.86 / 0.44 / -1.36 / -0.97
Self-harm / -2.26 / 1.38 / -1.47 / -2.24 / 1.75 / -0.06 / 0.22 / 0.74
Serving others / -0.20 / 0.12 / -0.54 / -0.53 / 0.54 / -0.52 / 0.31 / 0.93
Sex / 0.88 / 1.27 / 1.38 / 1.06 / 2.00 / -1.19 / -1.27 / -0.40
Singing / 0.48 / 0.71 / 0.45 / 0.09 / -0.82 / -0.39 / 0.00 / -0.79
Sleeping / 0.86 / -1.74 / 1.66 / 1.38 / -2.06 / -2.42 / -2.99 / -1.66
Speaking / 0.91 / 0.25 / 1.15 / 1.17 / -0.88 / 0.34 / 0.98 / -0.61
Stealing / -2.03 / 0.07 / -0.45 / -1.67 / 0.15 / -0.12 / 0.46 / 1.47
Studying / 0.24 / -0.81 / -2.02 / -0.32 / 0.86 / 1.56 / 1.36 / -0.57
Teaching / 0.60 / 0.13 / 0.78 / 0.08 / 0.54 / 1.33 / 0.72 / 0.34
Torturing / -2.14 / 0.76 / -2.34 / -2.10 / 0.61 / -0.23 / 0.33 / 1.83
Verbal communication / 0.88 / 0.37 / 1.01 / 1.19 / -0.89 / 0.63 / 0.41 / -0.15
Verbal reasoning / 0.54 / 0.09 / -0.04 / 0.65 / 0.35 / 1.16 / 1.00 / -0.13
Working / 0.55 / -0.36 / 0.53 / 0.88 / 0.67 / 0.66 / 0.62 / -0.36
Writing / 0.74 / 0.38 / -1.69 / 0.49 / 0.14 / 1.14 / 1.70 / -0.71