Pg 75 in Comp book
Body Symmetryis body structure. Radial symmetry is a body type that repeats around the center of the body. It is similar to that of a bicycle wheel in which any number of imaginary planes can be drawn through the center, each dividing the body into equal halves.
Bilateral symmetry where only a single imaginary plane can be divide the body into two equal halves. There is a left and right side, front and back, upper and lower sides.
Asymmetry: When the body cannot be divided into similar sections like the sponge.
Cephalization- the concentration of sense organs, nervous control, etc., at the anterior end of the body, forming a head and brain, both during evolution and in the course of an embryo's development.
Body Cavity- most animals have a body cavity which is fluid filled space that lies between the digestive tract and the body cavity is important because it provides a space in which internal organs can be suspended so that they are not pressed on by muscles or twisted out of shape by body movements. Some animals have body cavities that contain fluids that are involved in circulation, feeding and excretion.
Cnidarians Chpt 26-3
Pg 669
Sea Jelly Hydra Sea Anemone Corals
They have soft bodies, are carnivorous animals that have stinging tentacles arranged in circles around their mouths.
Body plan- they have radial symmetrical.
Feeding-after paralyzing its prey it is pulled in through mouth and into its gastrovascular cavity, a digestive chamber.
Respiration, Circulation,Excretion- Nutrients are transported by diffusion throughout the body. Respiration and elimination is by diffusion through the body wall.
Response- have a nerve net which are nerve cells to detect foreign objects, statocysts to determine the direction of gravity, and Ocelli, eyespots, made of cells to detect light.
Movement- has a hydrostatic skeleton. The body contracts to force water out moving the sea jelly in the opposite direction.
Reproduction-is asexual and sexual. Polyp can reproduce by budding like the sponge and produce another polyp. Or produce tiny medusas. Sexual reproduction happens outside of the female body when the female releases eggs and the male releases sperm. The egg and sperm become a zygote and grows into a free swimming larva.
Chapter 27-4 MollusksPg82
Soft bodied animals that usually have an internal or external shell.
Octopus squid Cuttlefish
Larvae- many aquatic mollusks have a free swimming larval stage. It is an immature stage of an organism that looks different than the adult stage. Below is a trochophorelarvae.
Body plan- there is 4 parts: foot, mantle, shell, and a visceral mass.
The foot is muscular and includes flat structures for crawling, spade shaped structures for burrowing and tentacles for capturing prey.
Mantle is a thin layer of tissue that covers most of the body like a cloak.
Shell is made by glands.
Visceral mass is where the internal organs are found.
Feeding, can be herbivores, carnivores, filter feeders. Snails and slugs use a radula, a tongue shaped structure with hundreds of tiny teeth to drill through shells. Some octopi produce poison to subdue their prey. Some use feathery gills and mucus to trap food.
Respiration, Circulation, Excretion,aquatic mollusks use gills, has a simple heart where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the gills and then blood goes back to the heart.
Response,some have a simple nervous system and some like the octopi have a highly develop nervous and brain. They can remember things for long periods of time and are highly intelligent. They can open jars to get food and have been trained to perform tasks. They also squirt ink from inside their digestive tracts which startles predators and may also cause temporary numbness.
Movement-octopi use jet propulsion.
Reproduction is done sexually by external fertilization. Eggs and sperm are released into the water and develop into free swimming larvae.
EchinodermsChpt 28-4
Echino means spiny and derm means skin. It has an endoskeleton formed of harden plates of calcium carbonate. Some are feathery and some look like half rotten cucumbers.
Body plan-They have no anterior or posterior end and lack cephalization.
They have spiny skin, and internal skeleton, a water vascular system and suction cuplike structures called tube feet. Most adult echinoderms exhibit five-part radial symmetry which means the body is arranged around the center like the spokes of a wheel.
Feeding,some scrape algae off of rocks, some use tube feet to capture prey, sea stars open its prey’s shell and pushes its stomach out through its mouth, pours enzymes and digests the mollusk in its own shell and then pull its stomach and partially digested prey into its mouth.
Respiration, Circulation, The water vascular system circulates nutrients and wastes throughout the body
Excretion, wastes are passed through the thin walled tissues of tube feet.
Response, they have a nerve ring that surrounds the mouth and the radial nerves that connect the nerves to the body sections and have eyespots to detect light gravity and chemicals released by prey.
Movement, Tube feet are used for “walking” and to pull open shelled preysuch as clams.
Reproductionis by external fertilizationeggs and sperm are shed into open water where fertilization takes place. A larvae is made and swim around until they find a place on the ocean floor where they develop into adults
Design Your Own Animal.
You will design your own animal by using all the information you have learned taking notes and reading your Biology text book. You will name your animal, design and draw your animal covering the important categories below:
Body plan, Feeding, Respiration, Circulation, Excretion, Response, Movement, Reproduction
Each unit should be: notes, (Body plan- Feeding, Respiration, Circulation, Excretion, Response, and Movement, Reproduction)
video, coloring, Workbook