综合练习题3
Part I Vocabulary and Structure (25%)
Directions: There are 25 incomplete sentences in this section. For each of these, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.
1. People in all ___ of life are represented among ardent sports fans.
A. fields B. walks C. times D. places
2. In Germany, ___ with France, friendship is much more clearly a matter of feeling.
A. opposite B. in addition C. in contrast D. related
3. I have had this ___ headache ever since I woke up in the morning.
A. consistent B. consist C. conscious D. consequent
4. The authorities have refused to ___ him a visa to visit England.
A. apply B. grant C. approve D. agree
5. My love for you is not dependent ______whether you fulfill my expectations of you.
A. on B. of C. from D. for
6. If I care ___ you, I’m concerned ___ your growth.
A. of… about B. about… about C. about… on D. of… on
7. The fact that something is cheap doesn’t ___ mean that it is of low quality.
A. probably B. essentially C. practically D. necessary
8. It would be unwise to ___ too much importance to these opinion polls.
A. stick B. attach C. apply D. mention
9. In their secondary schooling children get more advanced knowledge and begin to ___ on their special interests.
A. take B. go C. concentrate D keep
10. By the time I saw the job advertised, it was too late to ___.
A. appoint B seek C. demand A. apply
11. Students are entitled ___ medical care under the National Health Service.
A. by B. of C. on D. to
12. For students with families, child-care facilities are often provided ___ a reasonable cost.
A. at B. in C. to D. by
13. In addition, teaching staff is willing ___ extra help if a student needs.
A. to providing B. to provide C. provide D. provided
14. Among the universities Oxford and Cambridge ___ a dominant position.
A. have B. has C. hold D. possess
15. In practice, ___ to the universities is competitive.
A. entrance B. to entering C. to enter D. entry
16. This period of ___ from teaching is called a “sabbatical leave”.
A. away B. freedom C. far D. leave
17. Few sabbatical leaves are interesting enough to ___ in national newspapers and, magazines.
A. describe B. describing C. be described D. be describing
18. This unusual sabbatical leave was conducted ___ great secrecy.
A. by B. in C. at D. on
19. On each job he avoided ___ people know who he was.
A. let B. to let C. be let D. letting
20. Even though pay was important, ___ brought the greatest satisfaction was knowing that someone had noticed how a job was being done.
A. what B. who C. which D. that
21. Public schools in the United States are ___ the control of the individual states.
A. over B. under C. in D. at
22. As a driver, Mike had to take his ___ of responsibility for the accident.
A. section B. share C. role D. duty
23. Many boys enjoy ___ football, basketball or baseball.
A. play b. to play C. played D. playing
24. ___ my opinion, the movie lacks content.
A. In B. on C. Upon D. To
25. If they have ___ to system, they can even complete the form electronically through the Internet.
A. right B. power C. access D. key
Part II Reading Comprehension （45%）
Directions: There are 3 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by several questions. Either Multiple-Choice Questions or True or False Statements. Do the exercises accordingly.
Passage one
Changes in the Job Market
High school and college students in the United States today, as well as others who plan to work in this country, have one important question about their futures: Will they find a job? There’s no easy answer, of course. But let’s look at some of the recent changes in the U. S. job market and see if we can make some predictions for future job hunters.
A good way to begin is to look at the American work force and how it’s changing. Clearly, the most important change has been the shift from a manufacturing economy to a service economy. Let’s define both of these terms. First, a service economy is one in which most workers provide services---that is, they do something instead of making something. They don’t produce a specific product; they serve customers or clients, like your doctor does, or your hair stylist, or airline pilots, salesclerks, etc. Now, in contrast, people who actually produce things ― like cars, furniture or clothing ― are part of the manufacturing economy.
So again, the point here is that we have changed from a manufacturing economy to a service economy. The following numbers will show you just how big a change this has been. One hundred years ago, 80% of workers produced goods; today only about 20% do. Economists predict that this change is going to continue in the same direction; in fact, by the year 2020, nine out of ten workers will supply services.
Let me move on to my next main point. What has caused this change in our economy? First of all, why has the number of manufacturing jobs decreased? Can anyone guess? Yes. Automation. A lot of work your fathers and grandfathers used to do is now done by machines like computers or computerized robots. Anything else besides automation? Well, foreign competition is another. Jobs in American automobile and steel manufacturing have especially decreased because of competition from Western Europe and Asia.
On the other hand, what about service jobs? Why have those increased? Here again we can point to two reasons. Technology is one. Some services exit only because of advanced technology, like overnight mail delivery and photocopy services. And the other reason is that many service jobs have been created because of the changing population. I mean because of the changing needs of the American population. For example, because more and more people are living longer and longer, more health-care services are needed. Nursing and other health-related jobs are, in fact, among the fastest growing these days. Also, now that most married women work outside the home, the need for services such as restaurants and day-care centers has increased.
So now you know where the jobs will be, and let’s suppose you’ve decided to look for a job in a service industry. But wait. Some economists worry that the service-job explosion may create several problems. What do you think those problems might be? According to some studies, half of the service jobs pay low wages. And the pay is low because many of these jobs don’t require much education or training. So some economists worry that the standard of living of many Americans might decrease. So that’s the first problem. And also, many of the service workers are part-time or temporary employees, which means they get no benefits. In other words, many service jobs don’t give a worker much security. That’s another big problem.
The good news is that some of the fastest growing service jobs are the better paying ones, particularly in the technical and professional fields. But these jobs, like registered nurses and computer analysts, require a high degree of skill and many years of education. So if you decide to look for a job in service industry, and you want to be sure you’ll make enough money, get the right training and education first. That is really the best way to prepare for the future job market.
Multiple-Choice Questions: (9%)
- What has caused the change in our economy?
A. Automation. B. Foreign competition.
C. Domestic competition D. Both A and B.
- Which statement does NOT describe the difference between manufacturing economy and service economy?
- A service economy is one in which most workers provide services.
- A service economy doesn’t produce a specific product.
- They don’t belong to the same economic field.
- Manufacturing economy is to produce something like cars and furniture.
- Service jobs have increased _____.
A. because of advanced technology
B. because of the changing population
C. because more and more people are living longer and longer
D. because of both A and B
- All are the problems which the service job explosion may create EXCEPT _____.
- half of the service jobs pay low wages
- many of the service workers are part-time employees
- more health-care services are needed
- many service jobs don’t give a worker much security
- A high degree of skill and many years of education are required for _____.
- registered nurses and computer analysts
- a common worker in a factory
- an understanding student
- the passage doesn’t mention it
- Which of the following statements is NOT true in the author’s opinion?
- Jobs in American automobile and steel manufacturing have especially decreased because of competition from Western Europe and Asia.
- People who actually produce things like cars, furniture and clothing are part of the manufacturing economy.
- By the year 2020, seven of ten workers will supply services.
- Many service jobs don’t give a worker much security.
True or False? (5%)
- The most important change has been the shift from a service economy to a manufacturing economy.
- A manufacturing economy is one in which most workers provide services.
- A lot of work your fathers and grandfathers used to do is now done by machines.
- Some services exist only because of advanced technology.
- Many manufacturing jobs have been created because of the changing population.
Passage two
Mysteries of the Sea
The sea is the largest unknown part of our world. It covers seventy-one percent of the earth. There is still much to be discovered about this vast blank of water.
Some scientists are studying ways of bringing the ocean’s huge supply of water to the deserts of the world. Others hope to control the weather by learning more about the exchange of heat and moisture between the ocean and the air. Still others are studying the ways in which sound travels and is affected by water and heat. What happens when sea water touches different elements is another subject of study. These are just a few of the questions to which oceanographers are devoting their energies.
One of the most interesting projects in oceanography is the work of mapping the ocean floor. Only a very small part of it has been mapped. This was not important when only surface ships sailed the world’s oceans, but it can mean the difference between life and death to men in submarines.
Long ago there was only one way to find out how deep the ocean was. A seaman could throw a weighted rope over the side of his ship. Then he pulled the rope up after it had reached the bottom. But this was not a very exact way of measuring.
In the twentieth century a better way was found. Sound was used to measure the ocean. An American Navy ship sailed into a narrow strip of water to conduct an experiment. Seaman dropped a number of devices that would burst with a loud noise when they hit the bottom. And a little instrument that had been invented measured the time it took for the sound to reach the ship. This has helped oceanographers map the ocean floor.
Underwater photograph is also important in mapping parts of the ocean floor. With the new methods that have been perfected, cameras can take pictures of the underwater valleys, even in color.
If the waters of the ocean could be moved away, the sea floor with its wide valleys, uneven mountains and submarine rivers would be an unbelievable sight. Around the edges of the continents the ocean floor is flat and the water does not become much deeper for about thirty miles. Where there are high young mountains along the coast, this flat part may be much less than thirty miles. But where rivers flow into the sea, the flat area may extend for hundreds of miles.
The region near the continents, where the water is not so deep, is the place where the ocean’s greatest riches in marine life are found. Below these living creatures and plants are the largest known quantities of minerals.
At the end of the flat part the sea floor suddenly drops down, forming deep hollows which are shaped like bowls. These huge hollows hold most of the world’s water.
Imagine, if you can, a mountain chain stretching 40,000 miles around the earth. It is hard to believe that this great underwater chain of mountains encircling the earth was discovered only a few years ago.
Multiple-Choice Questions: (12%)
- Oceanographers who have made maps of the ocean floor have mapped _____.
A. only a small part of it B. about one third of it
C. almost half of it D. more than half of it
- Before sound was used to measure the depth of the ocean, _____.
A. a seaman was used B. a weighted rope was used
C. the side of the ship was used D. the front of the ship was used
- A way to use sound to measure the depth of the ocean was found in the _____.
A. seventeenth century B. eighteenth century
C. nineteenth century D. twentieth century
- Another aid to the mapping of the ocean floor has been _____.
A. chemistry B. geography C. photography D. mathematics
- The ocean floor is flat _____.
A. in the centre of the ocean B. around the edges of the continents
C. in the middle of the ocean D. about thirty miles off each coast
- The ocean’s greatest riches in marine life are near the continents, _____.
- where the water is very deep B. where the water is not very deep
C. where the water is very shallow D. where the water is the deepest
- At the end of the flat part the sea floor suddenly _____.
A. falls down B. comes up C. cuts down D. lets down
- The underwater chain of mountains encircling the earth _____.
- was to be discovered later B. was discovered only a few years ago
C. was discovered a long time ago D. hasn’t been discovered yet
Passage three
Learning by Doing
In the United States a university professor is granted a few months of freedom from his duties approximately every seventh year for travel or advanced study. This period of freedom from teaching is called a “sabbatical leave”. Its purpose is to give the professor experiences which will make him a wiser person and a better teacher when he returns to his university.
Few sabbatical leaves are interesting enough to be described in national newspapers and magazines. Recently, however, there was an exception. The public learned how Dr, John R. Coleman, president of HaverfordCollege, had spent his sabbatical leave.
At the age of 51 Dr. Coleman was determined to escape from university life for a few months and to get a variety of experiences in the world of work. He especially wanted to learn about people. People who do hard physical labor were particularly interesting to him.
“I wanted to get away from the world of words and politics and parties --- the things a president does,” Dr. Coleman later explained to reporters. “As a college president you begin to take yourself very seriously and to think you have power you don’t. You forget things about people. I wanted to relearn things I’d forgotten.” Telling no one of his plans, Dr. Coleman started his sabbatical leave on a farm in Canada, hundreds of miles from his college. Getting up at 4:30 each morning, working thirteen hours a day in the fields and barns, he prepared himself physically for his next job, digging ditches, in Atlanta, Georgia. After that, the college president washed dishes in a Boston restaurant. During the last ten days of his leave, he worked as a garbage collector.
This unusual sabbatical leave was conducted in great secrecy. Coleman telephoned his family once a week, “just to let someone know where I was and that I was healthy.” None of his students or co-workers at HaverfordCollege knew what their president was doing. On each job he avoided letting people know who he was. “When people would ask me about myself, I’d try to turn the conversation back to them,” he explained. “Some co-workers might have thought I was a little different, a little quiet maybe, but I doubt anyone knew I was a college president.”
There was only one employer who sensed something unusual. “At a restaurant in Boston, I had been on the job exactly one hour---I was washing dishes---when the boss came over and said, ‘I’m afraid you won’t do,’ and handed me two dollars. Immediately I asked him why, but he just said, ‘It’s not your work. Sorry.’”
That was the first time in more than thirty years as a job holder that Coleman had heard such words. It helped him understand how a man of his age might feel when he suddenly realized he had lost his job.
After two months of working with his hands, Coleman returned from his unusual sabbatical leave, convinced that the experience had been worthwhile. He had some good things to say about people who do hard physical work. “A lot of my co-workers would complain when the work was too heavy,” he said, “but they’d complain a lot more when there was nothing to do.”
He found that pride and satisfaction came chiefly in the form of praise from co-workers. Even though pay was important, what brought the greatest satisfaction was knowing that someone had noticed how a job was being done.