Paediatrics & Neonatology - Current Awareness:May 2017

Cochrane Reviews

No new/updated paediatric Cochrane Reviews have been published in May.

Research and Case Reports

New NICE Guidance

Reference / Guidance / Topic
ES12 / Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: inhaled tobramycin / Evidence Summary
CG158 / Antisocial behaviour and conduct disorders in children and young people: recognition and management / Clinical Guideline
CG100 / Alcohol-use disorders: diagnosis and management of physical complications / Clinical Guideline

DynaMed Plus Updates

Topic / Update
Acne /
  • Photodynamic therapy with aminolevulinic acid or methyl aminolevulinate may improve acne more than red light alone (Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016 Sep 27)

Anaphylaxis /
  • AAP guidance on completing a written allergy and anaphylaxis emergency plan (Pediatrics 2017 Mar)
  • AAP guideline on epinephrine for first-aid management of anaphylaxis (Pediatrics 2017 Mar)

Antidepressant use in pregnancy and lactation /
  • Any SSRI exposure during pregnancy associated with increased risk of neonatal intensive care unit admission and neonatal morbidity (Pediatrics 2016 Nov)

Breastfeeding /
  • Breastfeeding reduces crying in infants during vaccination (Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016 Oct 28)

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia /
  • inhaled corticosteroids started in first 2 weeks of life may reduce risk of BPD or death in preterm infants (Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 Jan 4)

Chronic urticaria /
  • Review of prevalence and risk factors of chronic urticaria in children (Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2017 May)

Crohn disease in children /
  • Anti-TNF treatment within 90 days of diagnosis may reduce risk of penetrating complications but not stricturing complications in children and adolescents with Crohn disease (Lancet 2017 Mar 1)

Croup /
  • 3% intubation rate reported in children admitted for croup (Pediatrics 2017 Mar 14)
  • Review of croup (Am Fam Physician 2016 Sep 15)

Early-onset benign occipital epilepsy /
  • Review of idiopathic focal epilepsies (Epileptic Disord 2016 Sep 1)
  • Patients with early-onset benign occipital epilepsy may experience visual hallucinations and/or status epilepticus during ictal episode in addition to common autonomic symptoms (Epilepsy Res 2017 Mar)

Feeding the premature infant /
  • Enteral protein intake > 4 g/kg/day not associated with further improvement in weight gain in preterm infants with very low weight (JAMA Pediatr 2017 Jan 1)
  • Review of nutrient needs and components of parenteral nutrition solutions (SeminFetal Neonatal Med 2017 Feb)
  • Insufficient evidence to determine if calcium and/or phosphorus supplementation of human milk improves growth outcomes in preterm infants (Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 Feb 26)

Hydrocephalus in children, /
  • Recall of Medtronic StrataMR adjustable valves and shunts manufactured between October 27, 2015 and November 11, 2016 due to potential underdrainage of cerebrospinal fluid postimplantation (FDA MedWatch 2017 Apr 8)

Juvenile dermatomyositis /
  • Single Hub and Access point for pediatric Rheumatology in Europe (SHARE) guideline on the management of juvenile dermatomyositis (Ann Rheum Dis 2017 Feb)

Moderate to severe traumatic brain injury /
  • Therapeutic hypothermia for traumatic brain injury may reduce mortality and improve neurologic outcomes in adults but may increase mortality in children (Crit Care Med 2017 Apr)

Neonatal ankyloglossia /
  • Frenotomy may improve maternal nipple pain and might result in more rapid improvement in breastfeeding infants with ankyloglossia (Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 Mar 11)

Obesity in children and adolescents /
  • Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline on assessment, treatment, and prevention of pediatric obesity (J ClinEndocrinolMetab 2017 Mar 1)

Osteogenesisimperfecta /
  • Bisphosphonates may increase bone mineral density in patients with osteogenesisimperfecta, but effect on fracture rate unclear (Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016 Oct 19)

Positional head deformity /
  • CNS guideline on diagnosis of patients with positional plagiocephaly: role of repositioning (National Guideline Clearinghouse 2017 Apr 10)
  • CNS guideline on diagnosis of patients with positional plagiocephaly: role of physical therapy (National Guideline Clearinghouse 2017 Apr 10)
  • CNS guideline on diagnosis of patients with positional plagiocephaly: role of cranial moldingorthosis (helmet) therapy (National Guideline Clearinghouse 2017 Apr 10)

Positional head deformity /
  • CNS guideline on diagnosis of patients with positional plagiocephaly: role of imaging (National Guideline Clearinghouse 2017 Apr 10)

Procedural sedation and analgesia in children and adolescents /
  • Preprocedural intranasal dexmedetomidine may be more effective than oral midazolam for improving patient outcomes in children and adolescents having procedural sedation, and does not appear to increase risk for adverse respiratory effects (J ClinAnesth 2017 May)
  • Addition of dexmedetomidine to propofol associated with fewer adverse events but longer discharge time in children having procedural sedation for magnetic resonance imaging studies (PaediatrAnaesth 2017 Jan)
  • Pretreatment with intranasal lidocaine may reduce pain associated with intranasal midazolam for procedural sedation in children 6-12 years old (AcadEmerg Med 2017 Feb)

Prognosis of premature infants /
  • Preterm birth at ≤ 25 weeks gestation associated with increased rates of major neurosensory, cognitive, and behavioral impairments at age 10-15 years compared to birth at term (Pediatrics 2017 Feb)
  • Preterm birth at ≤ 25 weeks gestation associated with increased rates of chronic functional limitations at age 10-15 years compared to birth at term (Pediatrics 2017 Feb)
  • Antenatal exposure to corticosteroids appears to reduce in-hospital mortality in preterm infants and increase survival to discharge without morbidity in very preterm infants, but may increase risk of certain morbidities in infants born at 23-24 weeks gestation (BMJ 2017 Mar 28)

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn /
  • Inhaled nitric oxide does not appear to reduce risk of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks in high-risk preterm infants (Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 Jan 3)
  • Prone position may improve arterial oxygen tension compared to supine position in neonates requiring mechanical ventilation (Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016 Nov 7)
  • Quantitative noninvasive ultrasound with image texture analysis < 48 hours before delivery appears to have moderate sensitivity and specificity for prediction of RDS or transient tachypnea of the newborn (Am J ObstetGynecol 2017 Mar 23)

Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) /
  • Quantitative noninvasive ultrasound with image texture analysis < 48 hours before delivery appears to have moderate sensitivity and specificity for prediction of TTN or respiratory distress syndrome (Am J ObstetGynecol 2017 Mar 23)

Weight loss medications for obesity in children and adolescents /
  • Pediatric Obesity-Assessment, Treatment, and Prevention: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline (J ClinEndocrinolMetab 2017 Mar 1)

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