Packet by Jordan Palmer Edited by Jerry Vinokurov Et. Al
2009 VETO
Packet by Jordan Palmer – Edited by Jerry Vinokurov et. al.
Tossups
1. This economist attempted to explain the shift in production functions that accompanied technological advancements via a model called "learning by doing." This economist gives his name to a function given by minus the second derivative of the utility function over the first derivative, which makes up a measure of risk aversion named for this man and J.W. Pratt. This economist popularized the notion of moral hazard in his analysis of the health care system and with Gerard Debreu he developed a generalization of Walras' general equilibrium theory, from which one may derive the first welfare theorem. This man's most famous result was presented in Chapter V of his work Social Choice and Individual Values and shows the mutual incompatibility of some assumptions, including non-dictatorship and the independence of irrelevant alternatives. For ten points, identify this economist whose showed that no social welfare function can satisfy four assumptions, as a result known as his impossibility theorem.
Answer: Kenneth J. Arrow
2. A 1999 novel by this performer follows the life of a drug dealer's daughter named Winter Santiaga; that novel, The Coldest Winter Ever, was succeeded in 2008 by a sequel entitled Midnight: A Gangster Love Story. One song by this performer contains a section in which Ras Baraka claims, "The children cannot raise themselves! The television, the baby sitter, the radio cannot raise your children!" That song, "Umbilical Cord to the Future," can be found on this performer's only album which also contained the singles "The Final Solution: Slavery's Back in Effect," and "The Hate that Hate Produced," both of which were banned by MTV. An erstwhile member of Public Enemy and a full member after the departure of Professor Griff, this artists's only album was entitled 360 Degrees of Power. More famously, this singer gained the most notoriety after the Rodney King riots when she opined that "If black people kill black people every day, why not have a week and kill white people?" For ten points, identify this performer who was criticised by Bill Clinton, thus leading to the coining of a reference to her namesake "moment."
Answer: Sister Souljah (Accept: Lisa Williamson)
3. One method of identifying these objects is through the "ultraviolet-excess" technique, as they dominate Galactic sources in that part of the spectrum. Many of these objects, such as 3C 273, exhibit radiative jets which carry particles that in turn radiate through the synchrotron process, and their chemical abundances, while hard to estimate, suggest that their formation was preceded by substantial stellar activity. Like Seyferts, the emission spectra of most of these objects are divided into the "broad line region" and the "narrow line region," and together with Seyfert 1 objects, these high-luminosity objects collectively make up the category of active galactic nuclei. Thought to be powered by the accretion of matter by a supermassive black hole, these objects can be found at redshifts of more than 6, making them some of the most distant observable objects. For ten points, identify these radio sources, originally named because their signature resembled stars.
Answer: Quasars or quasi-stellar objects
4. This work shares a subtitle with a performance piece by Chinese composer Tan Dun called the "Internet Symphony," and the principal theme of this work is introduced in the cellos. This work's final movement includes a double fugue based on an earlier contradance by its composer. The end of the first movement's exposition features six sforzando dominant seventh chords, and this piece opens with two short chords in the tonic. In the first movement a horn solo begins a theme four measures before the rest of the orchestra, and horns also figure in a fugue following a trio in the second movement, a funeral march. For 10 points, identify this symphony, the third of its kind by a composer who in the end dedicated it "to the memory of a great man."
ANSWER: Beethoven's Symphony no. 3 in E flat major, "Eroica"
5. The ipso-substitution of a halide for this functional group on 2,4-dinitro-chlorobenzene permits pyridinium salts from pyridine in the Zincke reaction. Primary and secondary ones react with benzenesulfonyl chloride in the Hinsberg reaction. Dienes that possess this functionality may cyclodehydrate in the second step of a reaction named for Bohlmann and Rahtz, a synthesis of pyridines. These compounds may be detected using ninhydrin, and they are used in a variant of the aldol condensation called the Mannich reaction, While secondary ones are best accessed via a two-step procedure that uses sodium cyanoborohydride to reduce a Schiff base, alkyl halides react with potassium phthalimide in a reaction that produces primary ones named for Gabriel. Aromatic examples include aniline, and For 10 points, name these compounds characterized by the presence of a nitrogen atom single-bonded to up to three R groups, the simplest of which is ammonia.
ANSWER: amines
6. After gaining experience in such conflicts as the War of the Oranges, this man was made lieutenant colonel for his conduct at the Battle of Bailen and promoted to the command of the Sagnuto Dragoons after the Battle of Albuera, though he declined that post. Possible recruited for his most famous role with the help of James Duff, 4th Earl of Fife, while another Englishman with whom he collaborated was Thomas Cochrane, whose naval efforts in blockading the port of Callao aided his final triumph. After leading his troops across the Andes and winning the Battle of Chacabuco, he left the governorship of Chile to Bernardo O'Higgins and crushed the remaining Spanish Royalists at Maipu. Finally siezing Lima in 1821 before departing for France following a meeting at Guayaquil with Simon Bolivar, for ten points, identify this Argentine revolutionary, the liberator of Peru.
Answer: Jose de San Martin
7. In one of this author's plays, the Danish novelist Sigmund places a gun on the strings of a piano and plays a loud, crashing chord, causing the gun to fire. That play takes place in a repressive Eastern European regime, and is set in the home of Maya and Marcus, which may be bugged by the state. In another of this author's plays, a former quarterback who signed a scholarship to play football for the University of Virginia steals a pen from Bill Oliver, helping to precipitate his father's suicide. This author of The Archbishop's Ceiling fictionalized himself as Quentin and Marilyn Monroe as Maggie in his play After the Fall, and wrote a play about the desperation of the father of Biff and Happy Loman. For 10 points, name this American playwright of The Crucible and Death of a Salesman.
ANSWER: Arthur Miller
8. In a novel by one writer from this country, a doctor who becomes disfigured due to a laboratory accident fashions a mask to replace his face, and another novel by that same writer concerns a man who decides to permanently live in the titular container. Another author from this nation wrote a story about a painter who depicts the underworld on the titular object, and chronicled his own mental breakdown in the short story "Cogwheels." The home of the authors of The Face of Another, The Box Man, and "Hell Screen," this nation was also home to an author who wrote a novel in which some villagers are oppressed by a shopkeeper known as "the Emperor," as well as a man who chronicled the intertwined lives of two men in novels like Runaway Horses and Decay of the Angel, which formed half of his Sea of Fertility cycle. Also the home of an author who wrote The Sound of the Mountain and Snow Country, for ten points, identify this nation whose literary figures include Shusaku Endo, Kobo Abe, Ryunosuke Akutagawa, Yasunari Kawabata, and Yukio Mishima.
Answer: Japan
9. Upon visiting this figure’s home, Asopus created the spring Perienne to supply the citadel of Aphrodite in his town. This man’s neighbor had the ability to change an animal’s coloration, and this figure later had sex with that man’s daughter Anticlea after catching that man, Autolycus, stealing his cattle. This man used a race of people sprung from mushrooms to populate the city he founded, Ephyra, and after the death of Melicertes this man founded the Isthmian Games. This man impregnated Tyro and then carried the corpses of his children into the town market in order to accuse Tyro’s father Salmoneus of incest. He told his wife Merope not to bury him after his death, and then tricked Persephone into letting him escape the underworld; Hermes eventually brought him back, leading to his most notable action. For 10 points, name this amoral king of Corinth who was forced to roll a boulder up a hill for all eternity.
ANSWER: Sisyphus
10. In one of this man's paintings, a woman in a snug blue dress fetches a file for a man in the titular green-carpeted location. In addition to that painting, Office at Night, this painter depicted a lone man raking a lawn between two houses in Pennsylvania Coal Town. A blonde usher leans against a wall on the right of this painter's New York Movie, and a barber's pole stands in front of a row of shops on a deserted street in Early Sunday Morning. He also executed a painting in which two women face each other across a table with part of the titular phrase visible to the right, as well as one in which cigars are advertised as costing "only five cents" and three people sit at a diner counter. For 10 points, name this painter of Chop Suey and The Nighthawks.
ANSWER: Edward Hopper
11. One poem by this author is written from the viewpoint of a ship which was "sister to 'Terrible,' seventy-four," while another poem memorialized Jervis and Nelson's victory at Cape St. Vincent. In addition to "The Song of the Derelict," and "The Captain," this poet eulogized a soldier from Brecon Town fallen in the title battle in his poem "Isandlwana," and satirized demilitarization through a voice "from a million British graves," in the poem "Disarmament." His lyrics about his native land include one which compares to Helen of troy a place "where sleep Montcalm and Wolfe," "Quebec," but he is best known for a poem whose second stanza begins, "We are the Dead. Short days ago, we lived felt dawn, saw sunset glow," and whose first stanza contains the images of "larks still bravely singing," and poppies growing "row by row" in the titular location. For ten points, identify this Canadian poet best known for his World War I poem, "In Flanders Fields."
Answer: John McCrae
12. In this opera, a harp interlude precedes a meeting at a fountain that one character claims is haunted by a ghost in the aria "Regnava nel silenzio." Another character in this opera sings "Cruda funesta smania" in a rage after Normanno informs him who had saved his sister from a bull. The duet "Ah! O sole, piu ratto" is sung during a confrontation at Wolf's Crag Tower, and at the end of this opera's second act, a sextet is sung after the signing of a marriage contract. Edgardo commits suicide in a churchyard after hearing of the death of the title character, who sings "Il dolce suono" after killing her husband Arturo in this opera's famous "mad scene." For 10 points, name this opera by Gaetano Donizetti set in Scotland and based on a novel by Sir Walter Scott.
ANSWER: Lucia di Lammermoor [or Lucy of Lammermoor]
13. An Indian tribe that used to live in the region of this mountain range and whose name translates as "people of little account, but strong," gives its name to the Snoqualmie River, which rises in this range, one section of which is home to Manning Provincial Park. A notable tunnel through this mountain range connects the towns of Berne and Scenic via a branch of the Burlington Northern Santa Fe railroad, and the Ross Lake and Lake Chelan recreational areas can be found in a national park named for and located in this range, which is also home to the Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail. Notable mountains in this range, which terminates near the Fraser River, include Mt. Lassen and Mt. Baker, as well as a volcano that erupted in 1980, Mt. Shasta. Also home to Crater Lake, for ten points, identify this mountain range of the Pacific Northwest which contains Mt. Hood and has its highest peak at Mt. Rainier.
Answer: the Cascade range
14. The majority opinion in this ruling cites Justice Wilson's opinion in Singh v. Minister of Employment and Immigration, and contextualizes the interpretation of a certain document by analyzing the notion of a "free and democratic society." The case of R. vs. Big M Drug Mart is cited in this decision to reference the proportionality test as well as a test of whether the objective is "of sufficient importance to warrant overriding a constitutionally protected right or freedom." The judgment in this case, whose majority opinion was written by Chief Justice Dickson, centered on the conflict between Section 8 of the 1970 Narcotics Control Act, and section 11(d) of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and upheld the ruling of Ontario's Court of Appeals striking down legislation mandating that those found in possession of narcotics be presumed to be traffickers. For ten points, identify this Canadian Supreme Court case dealing with the presumption of innocence, which established a namesake test for interpreting section 1 of the Charter.
Answer: Regina v. Edwin David Oakes (Accept: order Vice versa, R. v. Oakes, Oakes v. the Queen in either order, Do NOT Accept or Prompt on: the Oakes Test)
15. An original legal innovation originating in this nation is the Office of the Parliamentary Ombudsman, established in this country in 1809. A decrease in military spending occurred in this nation under the government of Karl Staaff and his Liberal party, which handily won the 1911 election. Napoleon's former marshall Bernadotte became ruler of this nation by the Treaty of Kiel, and this nation's capital was home to a notable massacre of supporters of Sture the Younger. Recent elections in this nation have brought some prominence to a party in this country that is opposed to the current copyright regime, called the Pirate Party, but for most of its democratic existence, this country's Riksdag has been dominated by the Social Democrats. For ten points, identify this Scandinavian country which in 1986 was rocked by the assassination of Olof Palme in Stockholm.
Answer: Kingdom of Sweden or Konungariket Sverige
16. Activity of this chemical in the tuberoinfundibular pathway regulates the release of prolactin from the anterior pituitary, and a repeat sequence in the gene coding for this chemical's type 4 receptor may be associated with "novelty seeking" behavior. Levels of this chemical, which is produced in locations like the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, are regulated by a namesake transporter whose expression is a risk factor for diseases like depression, bipolar disorder, and attention deficit disorder. It is a precursor for the synthesis of norepinephrine, and in the human body this catecholamine is synthesized from tyrosine. Overabundance of this neurotransmitter in the mesocortical pathway is implicated as a cause of schizophrenia. For 10 points, name this neurotransmitter whose levels are lowered in people with Parkinson's disease.
ANSWER: dopamine
17. In response to a problem posed by Donald Knuth in The Art of Computer Programming, J. Edighoffer invented a "twin" variant of this data structure, which was independently discovered and called an "interval" variant by van Leuwen and Wood. These data structures are typically used to implement priority queues, which makes them useful for implementing Dijkstra's shortest path algorithm. A binomial variety of these objects is formed from trees that all have node counts that are powers of two, and is a special case of their Fibonacci variety, which is remarkable for having a constant meld time. Also giving its name to a sorting method which functions by building one of these and easily extracting the maximum and which operates on n log(n) time, for ten points, identify this data structure, a complete tree in which every node has a key that is more extreme than that of its parent.
Answer: heap
18. One character of this poem tells a parable about Christ paying all laborers in his vineyard with a penny, causing another character to call Holy Writ a foolish fable. That character protests against a woman referring to herself as the "queen of heaven." This poem ends with an extended image of John's vision of the city of New Jerusalem, and mostly consists of a dialogue between the Dreamer and the Maiden. Named for an object "without a spot," this poem was written by the author of Cleanness and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. For 10 points, name this medieval British poem about a woman compared to a white precious object.