MLK 2007
Packet by Jerry Vinokurov
1. This event was supported by Marián Calfa and Petr Pithart. They led the opposition under umbrella societies known as the Public Against Violence and its equivalent the Civic Forum or OF, after what initially began as a flowery celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the death of Jan Opletal. Those groups were really offshoots of an organization formed about a decade earlier, after the banning of the Plastic People of the Universe, the Charter 77 Movement. In its wake, the country would experience what is sometimes cleverly called the Hyphen War. Resulting in the democratic election of Vaclav Havel, FTP, name this revolution in Czechoslovakia, with a title that reflects its bloodlessly smooth nature.
Answer: Velvet Revolution or Velvet Divorce
2. This chemical quantity changes in successive steps of a Latimer Diagram, and a Pourbaix Diagram will show the different pH values at which different values of this quantity will be available in equilibrium conditions. Gibbs Free Energy is plotted against it in a Frost Diagram, which shows this quantity with regard to a redox active atom and has a slope equal to the standard potential. Its value is usually constant for oxygen, except in the case of peroxides, and adding it together will give the overall charge of a compound. FTP, name these integer numbers assigned to elements, for example +1 for sodium, the presumptive opposite of reduction numbers.
Answer: oxidation numbers (take oxidation state, oxidation value, etc.)
3. One writer from this country imitated James Joyce in the middle section of his book Three Trapped Tigers, while another published in 1937 his first book of poems, Death of Narcissus. A movie based on the work of one man from this country starred Johnny Depp as Leiutenant Victor and was entitled Before Night Falls. Another writer of this nation is known for work like Explosion in a Cathedral, The Lost Steps, and The Kingdom of This World, which launched the famed literary style of magic realism. The setting of Islands in the Stream and the nationality of Santiago in The Old Man and the Sea, FTP, name this nation, whose literature may also include some fascinating letters by Fidel Castro.
Answer: (literature of) Cuba
4. The original music video for this song begins with a kid spray painting the title on a brick wall. It is performed by a karaoke salesman named Tony in a fake Asian accent in the movie Keeping the Faith, and it’s young Jenna’s favorite song in 13 Going On 30. It was the second track on its original album after “Love is Alright Tonite,” an album that featured the singer’s pit bull Ron on the front dressed in a shirt and tie, entitled Working Class Dog. The speaker claims that “I feel so dirty when they start talking cute, I wanna tell her that I love her but the point is probably moot,” and then asks “where can I find a woman like that?” FTP, name this song about lusting after a close friend’s lady, by Rick Springfield.
Answer: Jessie’s Girl
5. Thomas Patch popularized this man's most famous work in a series of engravings and brought plaster casts of it to England. His autobiography and other assorted writings, which included notes on optics, were collected in his Commentarii, and he was an avid collector of classical sculptures such as the "Bed of Polyclitus." More famous is this man's work on the shrine of St. Zenobius, as well as statues of John the Baptist, Matthew, and Stephen, while his most famous creations depict scenes such as the visit of the Queen of Sheba and the drunkenness of Noah. Famous for winning a competition against Jacopo della Quercia and Fillippe Brunelleschi, FTP, name this architect who depicted the sacrifice of Isaac on the "gates of paradise" for the Florence baptistry.
Answer: Lorenzo Ghiberti
6. Newer versions of it take into account supply shocks, especially after the OPEC oil crisis of the 1970’s. Among its assumptions is that one of its variables has inertia unless some outside factor acts to stop it. A major theoretical challenge to it came from Milton Friedman and Ed Phelps, and another practical objection from Robert Lucas and his school of rational expectations, which argued that using its conclusions to make policy would be counteracted by expectation of outcome. While it showed a trend during the 1960’s and early 1970’s, data from the late 70s and 90s denies the structural linkage between its two variables, and the resulting tradeoff. FTP, name this tool of Keynesian economists, a curve that shows a relationship between inflation and unemployment.
Answer: Phillips Curve
7. The second ruler of this name defeated the seven chiefs of Takhsy on one of his two campaigns in Syria, and was famed for his athletic feat of shooting arrows through a copper target while driving a chariot. The first ruler of this name was celebrated as a patron god at the craftsmen village of Deir el-Medina and was the son and successor of Ahmose. The third one represented himself with towering quartzite structures called the Colossi of Memnon, and had an influential queen named Tiye. The final one moved the capital to Amarna and began a new form of worship with his wife Nefertiti. FTP, give the name of these four Egyptian pharaohs, the last of whom changed his name to Akhenaten.
Answer: Amenhoteps (do not accept Akhenaten)
8. One of its central postulates originated in the work of one of its namesakes and Thoralf Skolem, and the solution to Whitehead's problem is independent of it. Easing the requirement of separation, though not that of regularity, leaves it vulnerable to Russel's paradox. Unlike the von Neuman-Bernays-Godel theory, it does not include classes, and the continuum hypothesis cannot be proven or disproven within it. Richard Monatgue proved that it is not finitely axiomatizable, and included in this theory are statements concerning extensionality, the unordered pair, and replacement, which is actually an axiom schema. FTP, identify this set theory containing eight axioms and the optional axiom of choice, named for two Germans.
Answer: Zermelo-Fraenkel (or ZFC) set theory
9. He addressed "thou best of men and friends" in an ode to his friend Charles Cotton entitled The Grasshopper, and wrote of a "greatness" that "dropt both a load to the cradle and the tomb" in an Elegy for Princess Katherine. A gentleman who "brought up Oxford with him to show you" is the subject of his prelude to The Scholars, and he also wrote of a woman who possessed a fan with a looking-glass in it, as well as two songs sung by Orpheus to the beasts and the woods. Better known for writing to Lucy Sacheverell that "I could not love thee dear so much, loved I not honor more," FTP, identify this Cavalier poet, best known for his Lucasta poems, including one "To Althea, from Prison."
Answer: Richard Lovelace
10. This belief system features village centers of prayer known as retreats or khalwa, with prayer generally obligatory on Friday and Monday evenings. Its adherents may be divided into ignorant material-based members and the initiated spiritual holders of wisdom, or jihhal and uqqal respectively. It preaches seven fundamental pillars and five true and false cosmic parameters, often represented by the five-pointed multicolored star. With a collection of five holy epistles known as the Rasa’il al-hikmah, they believe that the sixth Fatimid caliph al-Hakim represented the final incarnation of God. FTP, name this religious sect popular in Lebanon and named after al-Darazi.
Answer: Druze (prompt Muwahhidun)
11. Writing about this musical work, the composer spoke of two unifying threads, which consist of a thunderous motif with a full orchestra that introduces the first and fourth movements and a cadenza-like violin solo. In the third section, two characters are identified with strings and a clarinet, and that section contains an allegretto with parts for snare drum. A shipwreck on a rock topped by the statue of a bronze horseman is illustrated in the last movement, which brings in a bassoon part from the title character of a previous section. Including such movements as The Story of the Kalander Prince and The Sea and Sinbad's Ship, FTP, identify this composition by Rimsky-Korsakov named for the Persian queen in The Thousand and One Nights.
Answer: Scheherazade
12. Home to the 12th-century monk Anthony, author of the Pilgrim's Book, in 1611, it was captured by the Swedes, who held it for seven years. In 1019, it was granted a charter of self-government, according to which a town assembly, or veche, would elect a burgomaster. A team led by Artikhovsky and Kolchin took 13 years to excavate the 9,000 square meters occupied by this city's 1,150 log buildings. It was also home to Gennadius, the first to translate all of the Old and New Testaments into Old Church Slavonic, and in 1240, its army defeated a Swedish force, leading its prince Alexander to receive the epithet "Nevsky." Sacked in 1570 by Ivan the Terrible, FTP, name this Russian city-state on the Volkhov river, sometimes confused with its "lower," or "Nizhny" counterpart.
Answer: Novgorod
13. Among the experiments searching for these objects is the England-based SuperWASP project, which operates by continuously imaging the sky and detecting changes in brightness. They can be detected by pulsar timing experiments, as was done with PSR B1257+12 in 1992, while experiments such as the OGLE group employ gravitational lensing. Other satellites searching for them include the Darwin and Kepler missions, and the most common method of finding them is by measuring the Doppler shift which results from the gravitational influence on the stars they orbit. FTP, identify these objects of which there are now only eight in our solar system, not including Pluto.
Answer: extrasolar planets
14. During a wedding, the protagonist’s mother recites to her guests the line, "a son is a son till he gets him a wife, but a daughter's a daughter for the rest of her life." While reading a book of essays, the protagonist thinks that "democracy must be real, because it is so very earnest," but in an interview with Mr. Torrington pretends to prefer Barrie to Shaw. He demands tuition money from his Eliza following the sale of Dixieland, where he met Laura James. In the end, he encounters the ghost of his brother Ben, which tells him, "You are your world." Taking its title from Milton's Lycidas, and continued by its author's Of Time and the River, FTP, identify this novel about the coming of age of Eugene Gant, written by Thomas Wolfe.
Answer: Look Homeward, Angel
15. One of this man’s lesser works is his “Dialogue of a Philosopher with a Jew and a Christian,” featuring the title characters in a dream. One source on him is a letter from Fulco of Deuil, and his pupils included John of Salisbury and Arnold of Brescia. A onetime student of Anselm of Laon, much of his life is told in his Historia Calamitatum, including his time under William of Champeaux. His most influential work remains a series of 158 questions, each accompanied by contradictory arguments of patristic authorities, entitled Sic et Non. The founder of the Paraclete, FTP, name this 12th century philosopher better known for being castrated as the lover of Heloise.
Answer: Peter Abelard
16. Together with "Christianity," this idea titles a 1991 book by Jacques Ellul, who investigated the Bible as a source of this concept. Max Stirner was an advocate of this idea in his The Ego and His Own, while a noted Asian adherent is Kotoku Shusui, publisher of the Commoner's Newspaper. Other works on it include one by Benjamin Tucker, on state socialism and this concept, and a book of essays including "Minorities versus Majorities," and "The Hypocrisy of Puritanism." A communistic version of it was advocated by Peter Kropotkin, and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon coined it to refer to himself in What Is Property? Also associated with Emma Goldman, FTP, identify this political philosophy which advocates the elimination of the state and is Greek for "without rulers."
Answer: anarchy (accept anarchism, anarchist, and other word forms)
17. One of these creatures appears in Finnish myth named Musti and goes with Kullervo into the forest. In Hindu myth, one of them named Sarama helps Indra conquer the demons called Panis. In Irish myth, Turrean was transformed into one of these by a rod and then gave birth to two more named Sceolan and Bran, owned by Finn MacCool. Tristan had one named Husdant and King Arthur had one named Cabal who left his mark at Buelt. A special one in Greek myth, Laelaps, was given as a gift to Europa. FTP, name this type of creature also represented by the two-headed Orthrus belonging to Geryon and the three-headed Cerberus that guards the gates of hell, and by Lassie.
Answer: dogs (accept doggy, hounds, Fido, random barking sounds, etc.)
18. This piece of legislation was partly inspired by the Northcote-Trevelyan Report, which achieved a similar result in Britain years earlier. It was extended by the Lloyd-LaFollette Act, and its 11 sections were probably mostly written by a lawyer named Dorman Eaton. The man who sponsored it was the president of Kentucky Central Railroad, and had run for vice president years before on the ticket of George McClellan. Passed one year after the Chinese Exclusion Act and directly in the wake of Garfield’s assassination, it most notably established the Civil Service Commission. FTP, name this act passed in 1883 to limit political patronage.
Answer: Pendleton Act (or take Civil Service Act of 1883 or Civil Service Reform Act before the clue “Civil Service”)
19. The existence of this effect in lead glass provides a way of measuring the current in power lines, while measurements of this effect for the interstellar medium are used to determine electron density. Quantum-mechanically, this effect results from Zeeman splitting, and can be derived from classical electrodynamics by introducing into Maxwell's equations the cyclotron frequency and calculating the resulting index of refraction. The angle corresponding to this effect is given by the path distance times the magnetic field strength times the Verdet constant. FTP, name this magneto-optical effect in which the plane of polarization of light rotates when the light propagates parallel to a magnetic field, named for a famous English physicist who also has a law, a constant, and a cage.
Answer: Faraday rotation or effect
20. At one point during this work, one of the title figures delivers a monologue in which he laments that he’s "not old enough to do without women, and not young enough to go and look for one without shame." In the second act, one figure acts out the real life incident in which her father attempted to hire her as a prostitute for Madame Pace, and the two younger children will say nothing as long as another character is not present. As this work opens, the titular figures are preparing to rehearse the play Mixing It Up, and it ends with The Boy's suicide while The Manager concludes, "Pretence? Reality? To hell with it all!... I've lost a whole day over these people." FTP, identify this play about dramatic creations that demand a creator, written by Luigi Pirandello.
Answer: Six Characters in Search of an Author or Sei personaggi in cerca d'autore
TB. This author collaborated with Philip Glass on the making of an opera based on her novel The Making of the Representative from Planet 8. A marriage of Mary to Dick Turner is at the center of this author's first novel, The Grass is Singing, while two of her later novels, Diary of a Good Neighbor, and If the Old Could, were published under the pseudonym Jane Somers. The influence of Sufist thought can be seen in such works by this author as Shikasta and The Sirian Experiments, volumes in her science-fiction quintet Canopus in Argos. The madness of Charles Watkins is the basis for Briefing for a Descent into Hell, but she is best known for a work in which Anna Wulf records the story of her life in the title object. FTP, identify this British writer, best known for her 1962 novel, The Golden Notebook.
Answer: Doris Lessing
1. Answer stuff about a guy from Greek myth, FTPE.
A. The son of Poeas and Demonassa, this man was bitten by a water snake on either the island of Tenedos or Chryse, causing his foot to fester and smell so bad that he was abandoned by the Greeks on Lemnos.
Answer: Philoctetes
B. Earlier, Philoctetes had been given the bow and arrows of this hero in return for being nice enough to light his pyre. This dude killed the Nemean Lion.
Answer: Heracles (Hercules)
C. Some say it was Asclepius himself who healed Philoctetes’ foot, while other give the credit to this son of his. Along with his brother Podalirius, he led a bunch of Thessalian ships to Troy, where he would be killed by Eurypylus.