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LEWIS CARROLL
Alice'sAdventuresinWonderland
and
ThroughtheLooking-Glass
AND WHAT ALICE FOUND THERE
EditedwithanIntroduction andNotesby
PETERHUNT
Withillustrations by
JOHNTENNIEL
OXFORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS
l',':',:
OXFORD
UNIVERSITYPR.BSS
GreatClarendonStreet,Oxfordox26nP
OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentof theUniversityofOxford.
ItfurtherstheUniversity'sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwidein
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Introduction
NoteontheTextSelect Bibliography
CONTENTS
VI
xliii xlv
OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPress intheUKandincertainothercountries
AChronologyofC.L.Dodgsonl'LewisCarroll'
PublishedintheUnitedStates
byOxfordUniverstyPressInc.,NewYorkEditorialmaterial©PeterHunt2009
The moralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted DatabaserightOxfordUniversityPress(maker)
FirstpublishedasaWorld's Classicspaperback1982ReissuedasanOxfordWorld'sQassicspaperback1998Thiseditionpublished2009
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedin aretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,
orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographicsrightsorganization.EnquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressabove
Youmustnotcirculate this bookinany otherbindingor coverandyoumustimposethissame conditiononanyacquirer
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataDataavailable
LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationDataDataavailable
TypesetinEhrhardt
by RefineCatchLimited,Bungay, SuffolkPrintedinGreatBritain
onacid-freepaperby
ClaysLtd.,St.Ivespie
ISBN978--0-19-<J5582ir-2
ALICE'SADVENTURES IN WONDERLAND
PrefatoryPoem
PrefacetotheSeventy-ninthThousand(1886)PrefacetotheEighty-sixthThousand(1896)Contents
ALICE'SADVENTURESIN WONDERLAND
THROUGH THELOOKING-GLASS
ChessProblemDramatisPersona:PrefatoryPoem
Advertisement[forthe'SixtiethThousand'](1893)PrefacetotheSixty-firstThousand(1896)Contents
THROUGH THE LOOKING-GLASS, AND WHAT ALICEFOUND THERE
Christmas-Greetings[fromaFairyto aChild]ToallChild-Readersof'Alice'sAdventuresin
3
5
6
7
9
114
115
116
117
118
121
123
247
I\\ I
II
/.-
1 3579 IO 8642
Wonderland'
AnEasterGreetingtoEveryChildwhoLoves'Alice'
Appendix:'TheWaspina Wig'
ExplanatoryNotes
257
I.II
. 11,'fi.\
THROUGH THELOOKING-GLASS
AND WHAT ALICEFOUND THERE
II4
BBD.
WHI 'l'll,
WhitePawn(Alice)toplay,andwininelevenmoves
PAGEPAGE
I.AlicemeetsR.QI42I.R.QtoK.R's4th .I47
2.AlicethroughQ'.s3d(by
railway)I492.W.QtoQB's4th(after
to Q'.s 4th (Tweedledumshawl)I73
andTweedledee)I52
3.AlicemeetsW.Q(with3.W.QtoQB's5th(be-
shawl)I73comessheep).I78
4.Alice to Q'.s 5th (shop,4.W.QtoK.B's8th
river,shop)I78(leaveseggonshelf).I83
5.AlicetoQ'.s6th(Humpty5.W.QtoQB's8th(fly-Dumpty)I84ingfrom R.Kt.)204
6.AlicetoQ'.s7th(forest) . 2076.R.Kt.toK's2nd(ch.)209
7.W.Kt.takesR.Kt .2117.W.Kt.toK.B's5th222
8.AlicetoQ'.s8th(coron-8.R.QtoK'ssq.(exami-
ation)223nation) .224
9.AlicebecomesQueen .2299. Queenscastle23IIO.Alicecastles(feast).234IO.W.Qto QR's6th(soup)237
II.AlicetakesR.Qwins240
115
DRAMATISPERSON*
(Asarrangedbeforecommencementofgame.)
WHITE.RED.
PAWNS.PAWNS.PIECES.
Daisy.DaisyHumpty Dumpty.':UnicornHaigha.MessengerCarpenter.
i:'
:,sheepOyster.OysterWalrus.
iW.Qµeen'Lily'.Tiger-lilyR.Queen.
''.f:W.KingFawn.RoseR.King.
:;'AgedmanOyster.OysterCrow.
'."W.KnightHatta.FrogR.Knight.
Daisy.DaisyLion.
n6
CHILDofthepureuncloudedbrowAnddreamingeyesofwonder!
Thoughtimebefleet,andIandthou
Arehalfalifeasunder,
ThylovingsmilewillsurelyhailThelove-giftofafairy-tale.
Ihave notseenthysunnyface,Norheardthysilverlaughter:
Nothoughtofme shallfindaplaceInthy young life'shereafterEnoughthatnowthouwiltnotfail
Tolistentomyfairy-tale.
A talebeguninotherdays,.Whensummersunswereglowmg
Asimplechime,that servdtotimeTherhythmofourrowmg-
Whoseechoesliveinmemoryyet,Thoughenviousyearswouldsay'forget.'
Come, hearkenthen,erevoiceofdread,Withbittertidingsladen,
ShallsummontounwelcomebedAmelancholymaiden!
Wearebutolderchildren,dear,Whofret tofindourbedtimenear.
Without,thefrost,theblindingsnow,Thestorm-wind'smoodymadness
Within,thefirelight's ruddyglow,Andchildhood'snestofgladness.
The magicwordsshallholdtheefast:Thoushaltnotheedtheravingblast.
And,thoughtheshadowofasighMaytremblethroughthestory,For'happysummerdays'goneby,
Andvanish'dsummerglory-
Itshallnottouch,withbreathofbale,Thepleasance*ofourfairy-tale.
ADVERTISEMENT
FoRover25years,Ihavemadeitmychiefobject,withregardtomybooks,thattheyshouldbeofthebestworkmanshipattainablefortheprice.AndI amdeeplyannoyedtofindthatthelastissueof'ThroughtheLooking-Glass,'consistingoftheSixtiethThousand,hasbeenputonsalewithoutits beingnoticedthatmostofthepictureshavefailedsomuch,intheprinting,astomakethebooknotworthbuying.*IrequestallholdersofcopiestosendthemtoMessrs.MacmillanCo.,
29BedfordStreet,CoventGarden,withtheirnamesandaddresses;andcopiesofthenextissueshallbesenttheminexchange.
Instead,however,ofdestroyingtheunsoldcopies,Iproposetoutilisethembygivingthemaway,to Mechanics' Institutes,VillageReading-Rooms,andsimilarinstitutions, wherethemeansforpurchasingsuchbooksarescanty.AccordinglyIinviteapplicationsforsuchgifts,addressedtome,'careofMessrs.Macmillan.'Everysuchapplicationshouldbesignedbysomeresponsibleperson,andshouldstatehowfartheyareabletobuybooksforthemselves,andwhatistheaveragenumberofreaders.
Itakethisopportunityofannouncingthat,ifatanyfuturetimeIshouldwishtocommunicateanythingtomyReaders,Iwilldoso byadvertising,inthe'Agony'ColumnofsomeoftheDailyPapers,onthefirst Tuesdayinthemonth.
LEWIS CARROLL
Christmas,1893
PREFACETOTHESIXTY-FIRST THOUSAND
Asthe chess-problem,*givenonapreviouspage,has puzzledsomeofmyreaders,itmaybewelltoexplainthatitiscorrectlyworkedout,sofarasthemovesareconcerned.ThealternationofRedandWhiteisperhapsnotsostrictlyobservedasitmightbe,andthe'castling'ofthethreeQueensismerelyawayofsayingthattheyenteredthepalace:butthe'check'oftheWhiteKing atmove6,thecaptureoftheRedKnightatmove7,andthefinal'checkmate'oftheRedKing,willbefound,byanyonewhowilltakethetroubletosetthepiecesandplaythemovesasdirected,tobestrictlyinaccordancewiththelawsofthegame.
Thenewwords,inthepoem 'Jabberwocky' (seep. 134),
havegivenrisetosomedifferencesofopinionastotheirpronunciation:soit maybewelltogiveinstructionsonthatpointalso.Pronounce'slithy'asifitwerethetwowords'sly,the':makethe'g'hardin'gyre'and 'gimble': and pronounce'rath'torhymewith'bath.'
Forthissixty-firstthousand,freshelectrotypeshavebeen
takenfromthewood-blocks(which,neverhavingbeenusedforprintingfrom,areinasgoodconditionaswhenfirstcutin1871),andthewholebookhasbeensetupafreshwithnewtype.Iftheartisticqualitiesofthisre-issuefallshort,inanyparticular,ofthosepossessedbytheoriginalissue,itwillnotbeforwantofpainstakingonthepartofauthor,publisher,or printer.
I take this opportunity of announcing that the Nursery
'Alice,'hithertopricedatfourshillings,net,isnowtobehadonthesametermsastheordinaryshillingpicture-booksalthoughIfeelsurethatitis,ineveryquality(exceptthetextitself,onwhichIamnot qualifiedtopronounce),greatlysuperiortothem.Fourshillingswasaperfectlyreasonable
PREFACEIl9
pricetocharge,consideringtheveryheavyinitialoutlayIhadincurred:still,asthePublichavepracticallysaid'Wewillnotgivemorethanashillingforapicture-book,howeverartisticallygot-up,'Iamcontenttoreckonmyoutlayonthebookassomuchdeadloss,and,ratherthanletthelittleones,forwhomitwaswritten,gowithoutit,Iamsellingitatapricewhichis,tome,muchthesamethingasgivingitaway.
Christmas,1896
CHAPTER I
LOOK ING-GLASS HOUSE
ONEthingwascertain,thatthewhitekittenhadhadnothing todowithit*-itwastheblackkitten'sfaultentirely.Forthewhitekittenhadbeenhavingitsfacewashedbytheoldcatforthelastquarterofanhour(andbearingitprettywell,considering):soyouseethatitcouldn'thavehadanyhandinthemischief.
ThewayDinahwashedherchildren'sfaceswasthis:firstsheheldthepoorthingdownbyitsearwithonepaw,andthen withtheother pawsherubbeditsfaceallover,thewrong way,beginningatthenose:andjustnow,as Isaid,she washardatworkonthewhitekitten,whichwaslyingquitestilland trying topurr-nodoubtfeelingthatitwasallmeantforitsgood.
Buttheblackkittenhadbeenfinishedwithearlierintheafternoon,andso,whileAlicewassittingcurledupinacorner ofthegreatarm-chair,halftalkingtoherselfandhalfasleep,thekittenhadbeenhavingagrandgameofrompswiththeballofworsted*Alicehadbeentryingtowindup,andhadbeenrollingitupanddowntillithadallcomeundoneagain;andthereitwas,spreadoverthehearth-rug,allknotsandtangles,withthekittenrunningafteritsowntailinthemiddle.
124THROUGH THE LOOKING-GLASSLOOKING-GLASS HOUSE125
'Oh,youwickedwickedlittlething!'criedAlice,catchingupthekitten,andgivingitalittlekisstomakeitunderstand thatitwasindisgrace.'Really,Dinahoughttohavetaughtyoubettermanners!Youought,Dinah,youknowyouought!'sheadded,lookingreproachfullyattheoldcat,andspeakinginascrossavoiceasshecouldmanage-andthenshescrambledbackintothearm-chair,takingthekitten andtheworstedwithher,andbeganwindinguptheballagain. But shedidn'tgetonveryfast,asshewastalkingallthetime,sometimestothekitten,andsometimestoherself.Kittysatverydemurelyonher knee, pretending to watch the progressof the winding, and now and then putting out one paw
':andgentlytouchingtheball,asifitwouldbegladtohelpif
/itmight.
. · 'Doyouknowwhatto-morrow is,*Kitty?'Alicebegan.
:Wou'dhaveguessedifyou'dbeenupinthewindowwithme
.::.,....onlyDinahwasmakingyoutidy,soyoucouldn't.Iwas
:watching the boys getting insticks for thebonfire-and itwantsplentyofsticks,Kitty!Onlyitgotsocold,anditsnowed
'So,theyhadtoleaveoff.Nevermind,Kitty,we'llgoandsee
:diebonfireto-morrow.'HereAlicewoundtwoorthreeturns
,,ftheworsted round the kitten's neck, just toseehow it
::wouldlook:thisledtoascramble,inwhichtheballrolleddownuponthefloor,andyardsandyardsofitgotunwound
•gain.
'Doyou know,Iwassoangry,Kitty,'Alicewenton,asJOQnastheywerecomfortablysettledagain,'whenIsawallmischiefyouhadbeendoing,Iwasverynearlyopening
ewindow,andputtingyououtintothesnow!Andyou'dvedeservedit,youlittlemischievousdarling!Whathaveugottosayforyourself?Nowdon'tinterruptme!'shenton,holdinguponefinger.'I'mgoingtotellyouallyourults.Numberone:yousqueakedtwicewhileDinahwasashing your face this morning. Now you ca'n't deny it,
·y:Iheardyou!What'sthat yousay?'(pretendingthatkittenwasspeaking).'Herpawwentintoyoureye?Well,t'syourfault,forkeepingyour eyesopen-ifyou'd shutemtightup,itwouldn'thavehappened.Nowdon'tmakeymoreexcuses,butlisten! Numbertwo:youpulledSnowop*awaybythetailjustasIhadputdownthesaucerofilkbefore her!What, you were thirsty,were you? How
.youknowshewasn'tthirstytoo?Nowfornumberthree: uunwoundeverybitofthe worsted while I wasn'tking!
,'That'sthreefaults,Kitty,andyou'venotbeen punishedranyofthemyet.YouknowI'msavingupallyourpunishentsforWednesdayweek-Supposetheyhadsavedupall
·typunishments?'shewenton,talkingmoretoherselfthan ekitten.'Whatwouldtheydoattheendofayear?Ishould
126THROU GH THE LOOKING-GLASS
besenttoprison,Isuppose,whenthedaycame.Or-letmesee-suppose each punishment was to be going withoutadinner:then,whenthemiserabledaycame,Ishouldhavetogowithoutfiftydinnersatonce!Well,Ishouldn'tmindthat much! I'd far rather go without them than eatthem!
'Doyouhearthesnowagainstthewindow-panes,Kitty?
Howniceandsoftitsounds!Justasifsomeonewaskissingthewindowalloveroutside.Iwonderifthesnowlovesthetreesandfields,thatitkissesthemsogently?Andthenitcoversthemupsnug,youknow,withawhitequilt;andperhapsitsays"Gotosleep,darlings,tillthesummercomesagain."Andwhentheywakeupinthesummer,Kitty,theydressthemselvesallin green, and dance about-wheneverthewindblows-oh,that'sverypretty!'criedAlice,droppingtheballofworstedtoclapherhands.'AndI dosowishitwastrue!I'msurethewoodslooksleepyintheautumn,whentheleavesaregettingbrown.
'Kitty,can youplaychess?Now, don'tsmile,my dear,I'maskingitseriously.Because,whenwewereplayingjustnow,you watched just asifyou understood it:and whenIsaid"Check!"youpurred!Well,itwasanicecheck,Kitty,andreallyImighthavewon,ifithadn'tbeenforthatnastyKnight,thatcamewrigglingdownamongmypieces.Kitty,dear,let'spretend--'AndhereIwishIcouldtellyouhalfthethingsAliceusedtosay,beginningwithherfavouritephrase'Let'spretend.'Shehadhadquitealongargument withhersisteronlythedaybefore-allbecauseAlicehadbegunwith'Let'spretendwe'rekingsandqueens;'andhersister,wholikedbeingveryexact,hadarguedthattheycouldn't,becausetherewereonlytwoofthem,andAlicehadbeenreducedatlasttosay'Well,youcanbeoneofthem,then,andI'llbealltherest.'Andonceshehadreallyfrightenedheroldnurseby shouting suddenly in her ear, 'Nurse!Dolet'spretendthatI'mahungryhya:na,and you're abone!'
Butthisistakingus awayfromAlice'sspeechtothekitten.
LOOKING-GLASSHOUSE127
'Let'spretendthatyou'retheRedQueen,* Kitty!Doyouknow,Ithinkifyousatupandfoldedyourarms,you'dlookexactlylikeher.Nowdotry,there'sadear!'AndAlicegottheRedQueenoffthetable,andsetitupbeforethekittenasamodelforittoimitate:however,thethingdidn'tsucceed,principally,Alicesaid,because thekittenwouldn'tfolditsarmsproperly.So,topunishit,sheheldituptotheLookingglass,thatitmightseehowsulkyitwas,'-andifyou'renotgooddirectly,'sheadded,'I'llputyouthroughintoLookingglassHouse.Howwouldyoulikethat?
'Now,ifyou'llonlyattend,Kitty,andnottalksomuch,I'lltellyouallmyideasaboutLooking-glassHouse.First,there'stheroomyoucanseethroughthe glass-that's justthesameasourdrawing-room,onlythethingsgotheother
.way.Ican seeallofitwhenIgetuponachair-allbut thebitjustbehindthefireplace.Oh!IdosowishIcouldseethat
,bit!Iwantsomuchtoknowwhetherthey'veafireinthewinter:younevercantell,youknow,unlessourfiresmokes,ltndthensmokecomesupinthatroomtoo-butthatmaybeonlypretence,justtomakeitlookasiftheyhadafire.Wellthen,thebooksaresomethinglikeourbooks,onlythewordsgothewrongway:Iknowthat,becauseI'vehelduponeofourbookstotheglass,andthentheyholdup oneinthetherroom.
,'HowwouldyouliketoliveinLooking-glassHouse,Kitty?wonderifthey'dgiveyoumilkinthere?PerhapsLooking-lassmilkisn'tgoodtodrink-butoh,Kitty!nowwecomethepassage.Youcanjustseealittlepeepofthepassageinking-glassHouse,ifyouleavethedoorofourdrawing-
mwideopen:andit'sverylikeourpassageasfarasyousee,onlyyouknowitmaybequitedifferentonbeyond.
,Kitty,howniceitwouldbeifwecouldonlygetthroughtoLooking-glassHouse!I'msureit'sgot,oh!suchbeauti-1thingsinit!Let'spretendthere'sawayofgettingthroughtoit,somehow,Kitty.Let'spretendtheglasshasgotallsoftegauze,sothatwecangetthrough.Why,it'sturningintosortofmist now,Ideclare! It'll be easy enough to get
128THROUGH THE LOOKING-GLASS
through--'She wasuponthechimney-piecewhileshesaidthis,though shehardlyknewhowshehad gotthere.Andcertainlytheglasswasbeginningtomeltaway,justlikeabrightsilverymist.
InanothermomentAlicewasthroughtheglass,andhadjumpedlightlydownintotheLooking-glassroom.Theveryfirstthingshe didwastolookwhethertherewasafireinthefireplace,andshewasquitepleased tofindthattherewasarealone,blazingawayasbrightlyastheoneshehadleftbehind.'SoIshallbeaswarmhereasIwasintheoldroom,'thought Alice:'warmer,infact,becausethere'llbenoone
LOOKING-GLASSHOUSE129
'
;:heretoscoldmeawayfromthefire.Oh,whatfunit'llbe,
\whentheyseemethrough theglassinhere,andca'n'tgetiatme!'
;,Thenshebeganlookingabout,andnoticedthatwhatcouldbeseenfromtheoldroomwasquitecommonanduninterest';ing,but thatalltherestwasasdifferentaspossible. For
:instance, the pictures onthe wall next the fireseemed to
:beallalive,andtheveryclockon the chimney-piece'(youknowyoucanonlyseethebackofitintheLookingglass) had got the face of a little old man, and grinned
:ather.
130THROUGH THE LOOKING-GLASS
'Theydon'tkeepthisroomsotidyasthe other,'Alicethoughttoherself,asshenoticedseveralofthechessmendowninthehearthamongthecinders;butinanothermoment,withalittle'Oh!'ofsurprise,shewasdownonherhandsandkneeswatchingthem.Thechessmenwerewalkingabout,twoandtwo!
'HerearetheRedKingandtheRedQµeen,'Alicesaid(inawhisper,forfearoffrighteningthem),'andtherearetheWhiteKingandtheWhiteQueen*sittingontheedgeoftheshovel-andherearetwoCastleswalkingarminarm-Idon'tthinktheycanhearme,'shewenton,assheputherheadcloserdown,'andI'mnearlysuretheyca'n'tseeme.Ifeelsomehowasiflwasgettinginvisible--'
Heresomethingbegansqueakingon thetablebehindAlice,andmadeher turnherheadjustintime toseeoneoftheWhite Pawnsrolloverandbeginkicking:shewatcheditwithgreatcuriositytoseewhat wouldhappennext.
LOOKING-GLASSHOUSE131
'Itisthevoiceofmychild!'theWhiteQueencriedout,assherushedpasttheKing,soviolentlythatsheknockedhimoveramongthecinders.'MypreciousLily!Myimperialkitten!'*andshebeganscramblingwildlyupthesideofthefender.
'Imperialfiddlestick!'saidtheKing,rubbinghisnose,whichhadbeenhurtbythefall.HehadarighttobealittleannoyedwiththeQueen,forhewascoveredwithashesfromheadtofoot.
Alicewasveryanxioustobeofuse,and,asthepoorlittleLilywas nearlyscreamingherselfintoafit,shehastilypickeduptheQueenandsetheronthetablebythesideofhernoisylittledaughter.
TheQueengasped,andsatdown:therapidjourneythrough theairhadquitetakenawayherbreath,andforaminuteortwoshecoulddonothingbuthugthelittleLilyinsilence.Assoonasshehadrecoveredherbreathalittle,shecalledout totheWhiteKing,whowassittingsulkilyamongtheashes,'Mindthe volcano!'
'Whatvolcano?'saidtheKing,lookingupanxiouslyinto thefire,asifhethoughtthatwasthemostlikelyplacetofindone.
'Blew-me-up,'pantedtheQueen,whowasstillalittleoutofbreath.'Mindyoucomeup-theregularway-don'tgetblownup!'
AlicewatchedtheWhiteKingasheslowlystruggledup frombartobar,tillatlastshesaid'Why,you'llbehoursandhoursgettingtothetable, at that rate. I'd far betterhelpyou,hadn'tI?'ButtheKingtooknonoticeofthequestion:itwasquiteclearthathecouldneitherhearhernorseeher.
SoAlicepickedhimupverygently,andliftedhimacrossmoreslowlythanshehadliftedtheQueen,thatshemightn'ttakehisbreathaway;but,beforesheputhimonthetable,shethoughtshemightaswelldusthima little,hewassocoveredwithashes.
Shesaidafterwardsthatshehadneverseeninallherlife
132THROUGH THE LOOKING-GLASS
suchafaceas theKingmade,whenhefoundhimselfheldintheairbyaninvisiblehand,andbt;ingdusted:hewasfartoomuchastonishedtocryout,buthiseyesandhismouthwentongettinglargerandlarger,androunderandrounder,tillherhandshooksowithlaughingthatshenearlylethim dropuponthefloor.
'Oh!pleasedon'tmakesuchfaces,mydear!'shecriedout,quiteforgettingthattheKingcouldn'thearher.'Youmakemelaughso thatIcanhardlyholdyou!Anddon'tkeepyourmouthso wideopen!Alltheasheswillgetintoit-there,nowIthinkyou'retidyenough!'sheadded,asshesmoothedhishair,and sethimuponthetableneartheQ!.ieen.
TheKingimmediatelyfellflatonhisback,andlayperfectlystill;andAlicewasalittlealarmedatwhatshehaddone, andwentroundtheroomto seeifshecouldfindanywaterto throwoverhim.However,shecouldfindnothingbutabottle ofink,andwhenshegotbackwithitshefoundhehadrecovered, and heandtheQueen weretalkingtogether inafrightenedwhisper-solow,thatAlicecouldhardlyhearwhattheysaid.
LOOKING-GLASS HOUSE133
TheKingwassaying'Iassureyou,mydear,Iturnedcoldtotheveryendsofmywhiskers!'
TowhichtheQ!.ieenreplied'Youhaven'tgotanywhiskers.'
'Thehorrorofthatmoment,'theKingwenton,'Ishallnever,neverforget!'
'Youwill, though,' the Queen said, 'if you don't makeamemorandumof it.'
AlicelookedonwithgreatinterestastheKingtookanenormousmemorandum-bookoutofhispocket,andbeganwriting.Asuddenthoughtstruckher,andshetookholdoftheendofthepencil,whichcamesomewayoverhisshoulder,andbeganwritingforhim.
ThepoorKinglookedpuzzledandunhappy,andstruggledwiththepencilforsometimewithoutsayinganything;but Alicewastoostrongforhim,andatlasthepantedout'Mydear!Ireallymustgeta
thinnerpencil.Ica'n'tmanagethisoneabit:itwritesallmannerofthingsthatIdon'tintend--'
'Whatmannerofthings?'saidtheQ!.ieen,lookingoverthebook(inwhichAlicehadput'TheWhiteKnightisslidingdownthepoker.Hebalancesverybadly').'That'snotamemorandumofyourfeelings!'
TherewasabooklyingnearAliceonthetable,andwhileshesatwatchingtheWhiteKing(forshewasstillalittle anxiousabouthim,andhadtheinkallreadytothrowoverhim,incasehefaintedagain),sheturnedovertheleaves,to findsomepartthatshecouldread,'-forit'sallinsomelanguageIdon'tknow,'shesaidtohersel(
134THROUGHTHELOOKING-GLASS
Itwaslikethis.
:'D\'JO'N5\.'n.\:\.\:\.\\.\_*
i\S\)\l(,\\\"1\ii\\\>"\"I;,,i\\"m\iw:u\''
·.\\\"I i\\".'\\\mi-,,\>"\"I''ti\>"tCl
,i\S\)-,,1)"\I)\\i\\'l(_im·1m\\l\.
.\\\"l"\i\"I)ii\\\"I"\ml)mi\\\>"l\.
Shepuzzled overthisforsometime,butatlastabright thoughtstruckher.'Why,it'saLooking-glassbook,ofcourse!And,ifIholdituptoaglass,thewordswillallgotherightwayagain.'
ThiswasthepoemthatAliceread.'
JABBERWOCKY.
'Twasbrillig,andtheslithytovesDidgyreandgimble inthewabe:
Allmimsyweretheborogoves,
Andthemomerathsoutgrabe.
'BewaretheJabberwock,myson!
Thejawsthatbite,theclawsthatcatch!
Beware theJubjubbird,andshun Thefrumious Bandersnatch!'
Hetookhisvorpalswordinhand:
LongtimethemanxomefoehesoughtSorestedhebytheTumtumtree,
And stoodawhileinthought.
And,asinujfishthoughthestood,
TheJabberwock,witheyesofflame,Camewhifflingthroughthetulgeywood,
Andburbledasitcame!
THROUGH THE LOOKING-GLASS
One,two!One,two!AndthroughandthroughThevorpalbladewentsnicker-snackI
Heleftitdead,andwithitsheadHewentgalumphingback.
'And,hastthouslaintheJabberwock?Cometomyarms,mybeamishboyI
0frabjousday!Cal/ooh!Ca/lay!'Hechortledinhisjoy.
'Twasbrillig,and theslithytovesDidgyreandgimbleinthewabe:
Allmimsyweretheborogoves,
Andthemomerathsoutgrabe.
'Itseemsverypretty,'shesaidwhenshehadfinishedit,'butit'sratherhardtounderstand!'(Youseeshedidn'tliketoconfess,eventoherself,thatshecouldn'tmakeitoutatall.)'Somehowitseemstofillmyheadwithideas-onlyIdon'texactlyknowwhattheyare!However,somebodykilledsomething:that'sclear,atanyrate--'
'Butoh!'thoughtAlice,suddenlyjumping up,'ifIdon't
makehaste,IshallhavetogobackthroughtheLooking-glass,beforeI'veseenwhattherestofthehouseislike!Let'shavealookatthegardenfirst!'Shewasoutoftheroominamoment, andrandownstairs-or,atleast,itwasn'texactlyrunning,butanewinventionforgettingdownstairsquicklyandeasily,asAlicesaidto herself.Shejustkeptthetipsofherfingerson thehand-rail,andfloatedgentlydownwithouteventouching thestairswithherfeet:thenshefloatedonthroughthehall,andwouldhavegonestraightoutatthedoorinthesame way,ifshehadn'tcaughtholdofthedoor-post.Shewasgettingalittlegiddywithsomuchfloatingintheair,andwasrathergladtofindherselfwalkingagaininthenatural way.
CHAPTERII
THE GARDEN OF LIVE FLOWERS*
'ISHOULDseethegardenfarbetter,'saidAlicetoherself,'ifIcouldgettothetopofthathill:andhere'sapaththatleadsstraighttoit-atleast,no,itdoesn'tdothat--'(aftergoingafewyardsalongthepath,andturningseveralsharpcorners),'but Isupposeit will at last.But how curiouslyittwists!It'smorelikeacorkscrewthanapath!Well,thisturngoestothehill,Isuppose-no,itdoesn't!Thisgoesstraightbacktothehouse!Wellthen,I'lltryittheotherway.'
Andsoshedid:wanderingupanddown,andtryingturnafterturn,butalwayscomingbacktothehouse,dowhatshewould.Indeed,once,whensheturnedacornerrathermorequicklythanusual,sheranagainstitbeforeshecouldstopherself.
'It'snousetalkingaboutit,'Alicesaid,lookingupatthehouseandpretendingitwasarguingwithher.'I'mnotgoinginagainyet.IknowIshouldhave toget throughtheLookingglassagain-backintotheoldroom-andthere'dbeanendofallmyadventures!'
So, resolutelyturningherbackuponthehouse,shesetoutoncemoredownthepath,determinedtokeepstraightontillshegot to thehill.For a fewminutesall wentonwell,andshewasjustsaying'Ireallyshalldoitthistime--'whenthepathgaveasuddentwistandshookitself(asshedescribeditafterwards),andthenextmomentshefoundherselfactuallywalking inatthedoor.
'Oh,it'stoobad!'shecried.'Ineversawsuchahouseforgettingintheway!Never!'
However,therewasthehillfull insight,sotherewasnothingtobedonebutstartagain.Thistimeshecameupon
CHAPTER IXQUEENALICE
'WELL,thisisgrand!'saidAlice.'IneverexpectedIshouldbeaQueenso soon-andI'lltellyouwhatitis,yourMajesty,'shewenton,inaseveretone(shewasalwaysratherfondofscoldingherself),'it'llneverdoforyoutobelollingaboutonthegrasslikethat!Queenshavetobedignified,youknow!'
Soshegotupandwalkedabout-ratherstifflyjustatfirst,
asshewas afraidthatthecrownmightcomeoff:butshecom fortedherselfwiththethoughtthattherewasnobodytoseeher,'andiflreallyam aQueen,'shesaidasshesatdownagain,'Ishallbe abletomanageit quitewellintime.'
Everything washappening sooddlythat shedidn't feelabitsurprisedatfindingtheRedQueenandtheWhiteQueensittingclosetoher,oneoneachside:*shewouldhavelikedverymuchtoaskthemhowtheycamethere,butshefeareditwouldnotbequitecivil.However,therewouldbe noharm,shethought,inaskingifthegamewasover.'Please,wouldyoutellme--'shebegan,lookingtimidlyattheRedQueen.'Speakwhenyou'respokento!'theQueen sharplyinter
ruptedher.
'Butifeverybodyobeyedthatrule,'saidAlice,whowasalwaysreadyforalittleargument, 'andifyouonlyspokewhenyouwerespokento,andtheotherpersonalwayswaitedforyoutobegin,youseenobodywouldeversayanything,so that--'
'Ridiculous!' cri<:d the Queen. 'Why, don't you see,
child--'hereshebrokeoffwithafrown,and,afterthinkingforaminute,suddenlychangedthesubjectoftheconversation. 'Whatdoyoumeanby"IfyoureallyareaQueen"?Whatrighthaveyoutocallyourselfso?Youca'n'tbea
QUEEN ALICE225
Queen,youknow,tillyou'vepassedtheproperexamination.Andthesoonerwebeginit, thebetter.'
'Ionlysaid"if"!'poorAlicepleadedinapiteoustone.
ThetwoQueenslookedateach other,andtheRed Qµeenremarked,withalittleshudder,'Shesayssheonlysaid"if"--'
'Butshesid_agreatdealmorethanthat!'theWhiteQueenmoaned,wrmgmgherhands.'Oh,eversomuchmorethanthat!'
,'Soyoudid,youknow,'_theRedQueensaidtoAlice.Alwaysspeakthetruth-thmkbeforeyouspeak-andwriteitdownafterwards.'
'I'msure_Ididn'tmean--'Alicewasbeginning,buttheRedQueenmterruptedherimpatiently.
'That'sjust whatIcomplainof!Youshould havemeant!hatdoyou.supposeistheuseofachildwithoutanymean mg?EvenaJokeshouldhavesomemeaning-andachild's
moreimportantthana joke,Ihope.Youcouldn'tdenythatevenifyoutriedwithbothhands.''
'Idon'tdenythingswithmyhands,'Aliceobjected.'Nobody saidyou did,'saidtheRed Queen. 'Isaid you
couldn'tifyoutried.'
'She'sinthatstateofmind,'saidtheWhiteQµeen,'thatshewantstodenysomething-onlyshedoesn't know whattodeny!'
'Anasty,vicioustemper,'theRedQueenremarked; andthentherewasanuncomfortablesilenceforaminuteortwo.
heRedQueenbrokethesilencebysaying,totheWhiteQueen,'IinviteyoutoAlice'sdinner-partythisafternoon.'
TheWhite Qµeen smiled feebly,and said 'And Iinvite
you.'
.'Ididn'tknowIwastohaveapartyatall''saidAlice·''but'if thereistobe one,IthinkIoughtto invitetheguests.'
'Wegaveyoutheopportunityofdoingit,'theRedQueenremarked:'butI daresayyou'venothadmanylessonsinmanners yet?'
226THROUGHTHE LOOKING-GLASS
!
QUEEN ALICE
227
'Mannersarenottaughtinlessons,'saidAlice.'Lessonsteachyoutodosums,andthingsofthatsort.'
'CanyoudoAddition?'theWhiteQueenasked.'What'soneandoneandoneandoneandoneandoneandoneandoneandoneandone?'
'Idon'tknow,'saidAlice.'Ilostcount.'
'Sheca'n'tdoAddition,'theRedQ!ieeninterrupted.'Canyoudo Subtraction?Takeninefromeight.'
'NinefromeightIca'n't,youknow,'Alicerepliedveryreadily: 'but--'
'Sheca'n'tdoSubstraction,'said theWhiteQueen.'CanyoudoDivision?Dividealoafbyaknife-what'stheanswertothat?'
'Isuppose--'Alicewasbeginning,buttheRedQueen
answeredforher.'Bread-and-butter, ofcourse.TryanotherSubtractionsum.Takeabonefromadog:whatremains?'
Aliceconsidered.'Thebonewouldn't remain,ofcourse,ifItookit-andthedogwouldn'tremain:itwouldcometobiteme-andI'msureIshouldn'tremain!'
'Thenyouthinknothingwouldremain?'saidtheRedQueen.
i('I thinkthat'stheanswer.'
'Wrong,asusual,'saidtheRedQueen:'thedog'stemperwouldremain.'
'ButIdon'tseehow--'
'Why,lookhere!'theRedQueencried.'Thedogwouldloseitstemper,wouldn'tit?'
'Perhapsitwould,'Alicereplied cautiously.
'Thenifthedogwentaway,itstemperwouldremain!'theQueenexclaimedtriumphantly.
Alicesaid,asgravelyasshecould,'Theymightgodifferentways.'Butshecouldn'thelpthinkingtoherself'Whatdreadfulnonsensewearetalking!'
'Sheca'n'tdosumsabit!'theQueenssaidtogether,withgreatemphasis.
'Canyoudosums?'Alicesaid,turningsuddenlyontheWhiteQueen,forshedidn'tlikebeingfoundfaultwithsomuch.
TheQueengaspedandshuthereyes.'IcandoAddition,'shesaid,'ifyougivemetime-butIca'n'tdoSubstractionunderanycircumstances!'
'OfcourseyouknowyourABC?'saidtheRedQueen.'TobesureIdo,'saidAlice.
'SodoI,'theWhiteQueenwhispered: 'we'lloftensayitovertogether,dear.AndI'lltellyouasecret-I can readwordsofoneletter!Isn'tthatgrand?However,don'tbediscouraged.You'llcometoit intime.'
HeretheRedQueenbeganagain.'Canyouanswerusefulquestions?'*shesaid. 'How isbreadmade?'
'Iknowthat!'Alicecriedeagerly.'Youtakesomeflour--'
'Wheredoyoupicktheflower?'theWhiteQueenasked.
'In agardenorinthehedges?'
'Well,itisn'tpickedatall,'Aliceexplained: 'it'sground--'
'Howmanyacresofground?'saidtheWhiteQueen.'Youmustn'tleave out somanythings.'
'Fanherhead!'theRedQueenanxiouslyinterrupted.'She'llbefeverish after somuch thinking.' Sothey setto
228THROUGHTHELOOKING-GLASS
workandfannedherwithbunchesofleaves,tillshehadto begthemtoleaveoff,itblewherhairaboutso.
'She'sallrightagainnow,'saidtheRedQueen.'DoyouknowLanguages?What's theFrenchforfiddle-de-dee?'*
'Fiddle-de-dee'snotEnglish,'Alicerepliedgravely.'Whoeversaiditwas?'saidtheRedQueen.
Alicethoughtshesawawayoutofthedifficulty,thistime.'Ifyou'lltellmewhatlanguage"fiddle-de-dee"is,I'll tellyoutheFrenchforit!'sheexclaimedtriumphantly.
ButtheRedQueendrewherselfupratherstiffly,andsaid'Queensnevermakebargains.'
'IwishQueensneveraskedquestions,'Alicethoughtto herself
'Don'tletusquarrel,'theWhiteQueensaidinananxious
tone.'Whatisthecauseoflightning?'
'Thecauseoflightning,'Alicesaidverydecidedly,forshefeltquitecertainaboutthis,'isthethunder-no,no!'shehastilycorrectedherself.'Imeanttheotherway.'
'It'stoolatetocorrectit,'saidtheRedQueen:'whenyou'veoncesaidathing,thatfixesit,andyoumusttaketheconse quences.'
'Whichremindsme--'theWhiteQueensaid,lookingdownandnervously claspingandunclaspingherhands,'wehadsuchathunderstormlastTuesday-ImeanoneofthelastsetofTuesdays,youknow.'
Alicewaspuzzled.'Inourcountry,'sheremarked,'there'sonlyonedayatatime.'
TheRedQ!.ieensaid'That'sapoorthinwayofdoingthings.Nowhere,wemostlyhavedaysandnightstwoorthreeat atime,andsometimesinthewinterwetakeasmanyasfivenightstogether-forwarmth,youknow.'
'Arefivenightswarmerthanonenight,then?'Aliceventuredtoask.
'Fivetimesaswarm,ofcourse.'
'Buttheyshouldbefivetimesascold,bythesamerule--'
'Justso!'criedtheRedQ!.ieen.'Fivetimesaswarm,and
-
QUEEN ALICE229
fivetimesascold-justasI'mfivetimesasrichasyouare,
andfivetimesasclever!'
Alicesighedandgaveitup.'It'sexactlylikeariddlewithnoanswer!'shethought.
'HumptyDumptysawittoo,'theWhiteQueenwentoninalowvoice,moreasifsheweretalkingtohersel('Hecametothedoorwithacorkscrewinhishand--'
'Whatdidhewant?'saidtheRedQueen.
'Hesaidhewouldcomein,'theWhiteQueenwent on,'becausehewaslookingforahippopotamus.Now,asithappened, therewasn'tsuchathinginthehouse,thatmorning.'
'Istheregenerally?' Aliceaskedinanastonishedtone.'Well,onlyonThursdays,'saidtheQueen.
'Iknowwhathecamefor,'saidAlice:'hewantedtopunishthe fish, because--'
HeretheWhiteQueenbeganagain.'Itwassuchathunder storm,youca'n'tthink!'('Shenevercould,youknow,'saidtheRedQueen.)'Andpartof theroofcameoff,andeversomuchthundergotin-anditwentrollingroundtheroomingreatlumps-andknockingoverthetablesandthings
-tillIwassofrightened, Icouldn't remember myownname!'
Alicethoughttoherself'Inevershouldtrytoremembermynamein themiddleofanaccident!Wherewouldbetheuseofit?' butshedidnotsaythisaloud,forfearofhurtingthepoorQueen'sfeelings.
'YourMajestymustexcuseher,'theRedQueensaidto Alice,takingoneoftheWhiteQueen'shandsinherown,andgentlystrokingit:'shemeanswell,butsheca'n'thelpsayingfoolishthings,asageneralrule.'
TheWhiteQueenlookedtimidlyatAlice,whofeltsheoughttosaysomethingkind,butreallycouldn'tthinkofanythingatthemoment.
'Sheneverwasreallywellbroughtup,'theRedQueenwenton:'butit'samazinghowgood-temperedsheis!Patheron thehead,andseehowpleasedshe'llbe!'ButthiswasmorethanAlicehadcouragetodo.
230THROUGHTHELOOKING-GLASSQUEEN ALICE231
'Alittlekindness-andputtingherhairinpapers*-woulddowonderswithher--'
TheWhiteQ!ieengaveadeepsigh,andlaidherheadon
Alice'sshoulder.'Iamsosleepy!' shemoaned.
'She'stired,poorthing!'saidtheRedQueen.'Smootheherhair-lendheryournightcap-andsing her a soothinglullaby.'
'Ihaven'tgotanightcapwithme,'saidAlice,asshetried
toobeythefirstdirection:'andIdon'tknowanysoothinglullabies.'
'Imustdoitmyself,then,'saidtheRed Queen,andshe
began:-
'Hush-a-bylady,*inAlice'slap!
Tillthefeast'sready,we'vetimeforanap.Whenthefeast'sover,we'IIgototheball-
RedQueen,andWhiteQpeen,and Alice,andall!
'Andnowyouknowthewords,'sheadded,assheputherheaddownonAlice's othershoulder, 'justsingitthrough tome.I'mgettingsleepy,too.'InanothermomentbothQueenswerefast asleep,andsnoringloud.
'WhatamItodo?'exclaimedAlice,lookingaboutingreatperplexity,asfirstoneroundhead,andthentheother,rolleddownfromhershoulder,andlaylikeaheavylump inherlap.'Idon'tthinkiteverhappenedbefore,thatanyonehadtotakecareoftwoQueensasleepatonce!No,notinalltheHistory ofEngland-itcouldn't,youknow,becausethereneverwasmorethan oneQueenatatime.Dowakeup,youheavythings!'shewentoninanimpatienttone;buttherewasnoanswerbutagentlesnoring.
Thesnoringgotmoredistincteveryminute,andsoundedmorelikeatune:atlastshecouldevenmakeoutwords,andshelistenedsoeagerlythat,whenthetwogreatheadssuddenlyvanished*fromher lap,shehardlymissedthem.
Shewasstandingbeforeanarcheddoorway,overwhichwerethewords'QUEENALICE'inlarge letters, and on eachsideofthe archtherewasabell-handle;one wasmarked'Visitors'Bell,'andtheother'Servants'Bell.'
'I'llwaittillthesong'sover,'thoughtAlice,'andthenI'llringthe-the-whichbellmustIring?'shewenton,verymuchpuzzledbythenames.'I'mnotavisitor,andI'mnotaservant.Thereoughttobeonemarked"Queen,"youknow--'
Justthenthedooropenedalittleway, andacreaturewithalongbeakputitsheadoutforamomentandsaid'Noadmittancetilltheweekafternext!'andshutthedooragainwithabang.
Aliceknockedandranginvainforalongtime;butatlastaveryoldFrog,whowassittingunderatree,gotupandhobbledslowlytowardsher:hewasdressedinbrightyellow,andhadenormousbootson.
'Whatisit,now?'theFrogsaidinadeephoarsewhisper.Alice turned round, ready to find fault with anybody.
'Where'stheservantwhosebusinessitistoanswerthedoor?' shebeganangrily.
'Whichdoor?'saidtheFrog.
Alicealmoststampedwithirritationattheslowdrawlinwhichhespoke.'Thisdoor,ofcourse!'
232THROUGH THE LOOKING-GLASS
TheFroglookedatthedoorwithhislargedulleyesforaminute:thenhewentnearerandrubbeditwithhisthumb,asifheweretryingwhetherthepaintwouldcomeoff:thenhelookedatAlice.
'Toanswerthedoor?'hesaid.'What'sitbeenaskingof?'
Hewassohoarse thatAlicecouldscarcelyhearhim. 'Idon'tknowwhatyoumean,'shesaid.
'IspeaksEnglish,doesn'tI?'theFrogwenton.'Orareyou
deaf?Whatdiditaskyou?'
'Nothing!' Alice said impatiently. 'I've been knocking
atit!'
'Shouldn't do that-shouldn't do that--'the Frog
muttered.'Wexesit,youknow.'Thenhewentupandgavethedoorakickwithoneofhisgreatfeet.'Youletitalone,'
QUEEN ALICE233
hepanted out,ashehobbledbacktohistree,'andit'lllet
youalone,youknow.'
Atthismomentthedoorwasflungopen,andashrillvoicewas heard singing:-
'TotheLooking-Glassworld*itwasAlicethatsaid"I'veasceptreinhand,I'veacrownonmyhead.LettheLooking-Glasscreatures,whatevertheybe
Comeanddinewiththe RedQueen,theWhiteQueen,andme!"'
Andhundredsofvoicesjoinedinthechorus:-
'Thenfilluptheglassesasquickasyoucan,Andsprinklethetablewithbuttonsandbran:Putcatsinthecoffee,andmiceinthetea-
AndwelcomeQueenAlicewiththirty-times-three!'*
Thenfollowedaconfusednoiseofcheering,andAlicethoughttoherself'Thirtytimesthreemakesninety.Iwonderifanyone'scounting?'Inaminutetherewassilenceagain,andthesameshrillvoicesanganother verse:-
'"OLooking-Glass creatures," quothAlice, "draw near!'Tisanhonourtoseeme,afavour tohear:
'Tisaprivilege hightohavedinnerandtea
AlongwiththeRedQueen,theWhiteQueen,andme!"'
Thencamethechorusagain:-
'Thenfilluptheglasseswith treacleandink,Oranythingelse thatispleasanttodrink:
Mixsandwiththecider,andwoolwiththewineAndwelcomeQueenAlicewith ninety-times-nine!'
'Ninetytimesnine!'Alicerepeatedindespair.'Oh,that'llneverbedone!I'dbettergoinatonce--'andinshewent,andthere wasadeadsilence themomentsheappeared.
234THROU GH THE LOOKING-GLASSQUEEN ALICE235
Aliceglancednervouslyalongthetable,asshewalkedupthelargehall,*andnoticedthattherewereaboutfiftyguests,ofallkinds:somewereanimals,somebirds,andtherewereevenafewflowersamongthem.'I'mgladthey'vecomewithoutwaitingtobeasked,'shethought:'Ishouldneverhaveknownwhowere therightpeopletoinvite!'
Therewerethreechairsattheheadofthetable:theRedandWhiteQ!ieenshadalreadytakentwoofthem,butthemiddleonewasempty.Alicesatdowninit,ratheruncomfortableatthesilence,andlongingforsomeoneto speak.
AtlasttheRedQ!ieenbegan.'You'vemissedthesoupand
fish'shesaid.'Putonthejoint!'Andthewaiterssetalegofmu;tonbeforeAlice,wholookedatitratheranxiously,asshehadnever hadtocarveajointbefore.
'You look a little shy:
letmeintroduceyouto thatlegofmutton,'saidthe Red Queen. 'Alice
--Mutton: Mutton-Alice.'*Thelegofmuttongot up in the dish andmadealittlebowtoAlice;and Alice returned thebow,notknowingwhethertobefrightened oramused.
'MayIgiveyouaslice?'shesaid,takinguptheknifeandfork,andlookingfromoneQueentotheother.