Organic Compounds SBI 3C

Organic Compounds SBI 3C

Molecules which contain both carbon and hydrogen, usually with a backbone of carbon.

Small subunits are joined together to make larger molecules.

(This is similar to bricks creating a wall.)

form

monomers  polymers

(small molecules) (large molecules)

These large molecules are called macromolecules or macronutrients. (e.g. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids)

Nutrients are needed by all organisms for 1. ______and 2. ______

There are two types of nutrients: macronutrients and micronutrients.

Macronutrients

______

Micronutrients

______

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates: Contain the elements _____, ______and ______.

monomer = ______diagram:

(building block)

function: ______

Carbohydrates

•______and ______are the main source, come from ______, and provide energy for animals

•There are 2 types of carbohydrates:

______Sugars (monosaccharides &disaccharides)

______Sugars (polysaccharides)

Simple Sugars (Simple ______)

Monosaccharides: ______, ______(fruits), ______(milk)

•“saccharide” means ______

•prefix “mono” means ______ monosaccharides are made of one sugar molecule

•e.g. glucose

straight chain ring form

Disaccharides: ______(beer, 2 glucose), ______(milk, glucose + galactose), ______

(table sugar, glucose + fructose)

•prefix “di” means ______, disaccharides are made of ______

•______sugars combine to form ______sugars

Polysaccharides

•prefix “poly” means ______, polysaccharides have many sugars

Plants and animals cannot directly store glucose in their cells because ______.

Plants change glucose into ______and use it for energy storage while animals store it as______in the liver. Plants also contain ______, a structural component of cell membranes.

All carbohydrates are digested (broken down) into ______before entering the blood stream.

I. Carbohydrates

Types of Carbohydrates / Diagram and Number of Units / Examples / Food Source / Specific Function / Nutrient Test
1. monosaccharide
2. disaccharide
3. polysaccharide

Proteins

Proteins contain the elements ____, ____, ____, ____ ( ____)

monomer = ______Diagram:

(building block)

functions: - to ______and ______cell structures

- involved in ______activities of the cell as ______

Structure:

•there are ______amino acid building blocks making up proteins  ______(long chains of amino acids)
•each amino acid has two special groups: an ______group and a ______group /

•the ______of the amino acid determines the ______ of protein

•this order is determined by the ______on your ______

•the chains of amino acid are organized into ______arrangements or spirals, folded back on one another and also combined with other ______

•each protein has a specific ______different from all other proteins

Levels of Protein Structure

______ protein structure is a chain of ______. / ______ protein structure occurs when the sequence of amino acids are ______by ______bonds. / ______ protein structure occurs when certain ______are presented between alpha helices and pleated sheets. (Coiled proteins coil upon themselves.) / ______ protein structure is a protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain. (Two different proteins intertwined.)

Proteins:

All proteins are digested into ______before entering the blood stream.

Your body takes these building blocks and makes its ______characteristic ______.

20 different aa’s

essential a.a.’s = ______= non-essential a.a.’s

Your body ______make these so you must consume them in your ______. / Your body ______
make these
contain all ____
essential a.a.’s / ex. ______proteins like meat, fish, eggs / ______contain all 8 essential a.a.’s / ex. ______proteins like nuts, seeds, beans

Denaturation

•the shape of a protein can be ______by ______, ______or change in ______

•this denaturation causes the protein to ______or change shape which affects its ______

•The change can be ______or ______.

II. Proteins

TYPES OF PROTEINS / EXAMPLES / SPECIFIC FUNCTION / NUTRIENT TEST

3. Lipids (Fats) : Contain elements _____, _____, _____ monomers = ______& ______

functions:1. ______

2. ______

3.______

4. ______

5. ______

6. ______

diagram:

III. Lipids

Types of Lipids / Characteristics / Examples / Dangers / Nutrient Test

All fats are digested into ______before they can enter the

body.

Answer questions # 1, 3 – 5, 15 (a, b) on page 35.