Online Supplementary Table 1Clinical characteristics of the participants stratified with non-obese and obese

characteristic / Non-obese / obese / p
girls/boys(n/n) / 1279/995 / 443/786 / <0.001
age(years) / 12.7±3.1 / 11.8±2.9 / <0.001
body mass index (kg/m2) / 19.40±3.53 / 26.54±3.67 / <0.001
Fasting glucose(mg/dl) / 91.13±12.20 / 92.81±8.68 / <0.001
TG(mg/dl) / 71.77(54.93-97.46) / 93.92(70.44-127.58) / <0.001
TC(mg/dl) / 158.57±33.54 / 158.18±28.70 / 0.73
HDL-C(mg/dl) / 57.07±12.64 / 49.13±10.03 / <0.001
LDL-C(mg/dl) / 96.98±30.92 / 101.67±25.59 / <0.001

Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; TG: triglycerides; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Data are shown as means+SD (for TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C) and as medians (25%-75% range)(for TG).

Online Supplementary Table 2 Clinical characteristics of dyslipidemia and nondyslipidemia

characteristic / non-dyslipidemia / dyslipidemia / p
girls/boys(n/n) / 1256/1248 / 464/526 / 0.08
age(years) / 12.2±3.1 / 12.8±3.0 / <0.001
body mass index (kg/m2) / 21.19±4.67 / 23.71±5.16 / <0.001
Fasting glucose(mg/dl) / 91.14±9.21 / 93.17±14.83 / <0.001
TG(mg/dl) / 70.88(54.27-92.14) / 114.29(81.51-164.80) / <0.001
TC(mg/dl) / 151.25±21.44 / 176.54±44.46 / <0.001
HDL-C(mg/dl) / 56.75±10.48 / 48.03±14.47 / <0.001
LDL-C(mg/dl) / 90.54±19.25 / 119.12±38.69 / <0.001

Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; TG: triglycerides; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Data are shown as means+SD (for TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C) and as medians (25%-75% range)(for TG).

Online Supplementary Table 3 Genotypes distribution andHardy-Weinberg equilibrium test for seven SNPs

SNP / gene / chr. / Major /minor allele / group / genotypes / MAF (%) / H-W-P / Chi square* / p value*
C/C / C/R / R/R
rs2144300 / GALNT2 / 1 / C/T / All / 2 403 / 983 / 117 / 17 / 0.18
Boys / 1 201 / 515 / 65 / 18 / 0.29
girls / 1 202 / 468 / 52 / 17 / 0.43 / 2.70 / 0.26
rs1260333 / GCKR / 2 / T/C / All / 1 063 / 1 694 / 746 / 45 / 0.14
Boys / 533 / 864 / 384 / 46 / 0.33
girls / 530 / 830 / 362 / 45 / 0.27 / 0.35 / 0.84
rs1260326 / GCKR / 2 / T/C / All / 1 052 / 1 722 / 729 / 45 / 0.62
Boys / 534 / 871 / 376 / 46 / 0.55
girls / 518 / 851 / 353 / 45 / 0.92 / 0.21 / 0.90
rs10105606 / LPL / 8 / C/A / All / 2 373 / 1 020 / 110 / 18 / 0.98
Boys / 1 202 / 526 / 53 / 18 / 0.62
girls / 1 171 / 494 / 57 / 18 / 0.58 / 0.561 / 0.75
rs2954029 / TRIB1 / 8 / T/A / All / 1 246 / 1 679 / 578 / 40 / 0.76
Boys / 610 / 881 / 290 / 41 / 0.35
girls / 636 / 798 / 288 / 40 / 0.16 / 3.66 / 0.16
rs1748195 / ANGPTL3 / 1 / C/G / All / 2 064 / 1 230 / 209 / 24 / 0.15
Boys / 1 052 / 620 / 109 / 24 / 0.17
girls / 1 012 / 610 / 100 / 24 / 0.52 / 0.25 / 0.88
rs964184 / APOA5-A4-C3-A1 cluster / 11 / C/G / All / 2 121 / 1 208 / 174 / 22 / 0.91
Boys / 1 087 / 606 / 88 / 22 / 0.77
girls / 1 034 / 602 / 86 / 22 / 0.89 / 0.37 / 0.83

Abbreviations: MAF: minor allele frequency. H-W-P: p value for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test.

C/C, homozygous for major allele; C/R, heterozygous for minor allele; R/R, homozygous for minor allele.

* The Chi square and p values for comparing the genotype distribution between boys and girls were shown.

Online Supplementary Table 4 Results of power calculation for seven SNPs in Chinese pediatricpopulation.

SNP / gene / Chr. / Major /minor allele / position / minor allele in CEU, MAF / minor allele in CHB, MAF / lipid trait / effect allele, beta-coefficient per effect allele in adults (reference) / Power (%) / effect allele, beta-coefficient per effect allele in children* (Tikkanen et al., 2011) / Specific power for children (%)
rs2144300 / GALNT2 / 1 / C/T / 230,294,916 / C, 0.417 / T, 0.222 / HDL-C / T, 1.11mg/dl (Willer et al., 2008) / 87.7 / Ga, -0.0158mmol/L / 44.1
TG / C, 4.25mg/dl (Willer et al., 2008) / 84.2 / - / -
rs1260333 / GCKR / 2 / T/C / 27,748,624 / T, 0.415 / C, 0.389 / TG / C, -0.054 (natural log) value (Waterworth et al., 2010) / 99.8 / - / -
rs1260326 / GCKR / 2 / T/C / 27,730,940 / T, 0.400 / C, 0.400 / TC / C, -1.91mg/dl (Teslovich et al., 2010) / 69.0 / T, 0.0494mmol/L / 69.1
TG / C, -8.76mg/dl (Teslovich et al., 2010) / >99.9 / T, 0.0616(natural log) value / >99.9
C, -0.12 s.d. units (Kathiresan et al., 2009) / >99.9 / - / -
rs10105606 / LPL / 8 / A/C / 19,827,848 / A, 0.276 / A, 0.167 / TG / C, 0.067 (natural log) value (Waterworth et al., 2010) / 99.7 / - / -
rs2954029 / TRIB1 / 8 / T/A / 126,490,972 / T, 0.383 / A, 0.411 / TG / A, 5.64mg/dl (Teslovich et al., 2010) / 99.7 / A, 0.0401(natural log) value / 95.7
T, -0.04 (natural log) value (Waterworth et al., 2010) / 95.6 / - / -
LDL-C / T, -0.015 (natural log) value (Waterworth et al., 2010) / 59.8 / - / -
TG / T, -0.11 s.d. units (Kathiresan et al., 2009) / >99.9 / - / -
rs1748195 / ANGPTL3 / 1 / G/C / 63,049,593 / G, 0.325 / G, 0.233 / TG / C, 7.12 mg/dl (Willer et al., 2008) / 99.9 / - / -
TC / - / - / Tb, 0.0672mmol/L / 73.1
LDL-C / - / - / Tb, 0.0411 mmol/L / 39.8
rs964184 / APOA5-A4-C3-A1 cluster / 11 / G/C / 116,648,917 / G, 0.108 / G, 0.244 / TC / G, 4.68mg/dl (Teslovich et al., 2010) / >99.9 / G, 0.121 mmol/L / >99.9
LDL-C / G, 2.85mg/dl (Teslovich et al., 2010) / 93.9 / G, 0.0737 mmol/L / >99.9
HDL-C / G, -1.5mg/dl (Teslovich et al., 2010) / 99.2 / G,-0.0388 mmol/L / 93.7
G, -0.17 s.d. units (Kathiresan et al., 2009) / >99.9 / - / -
TG / G, 16.95mg/dl (Teslovich et al., 2010) / >99.9 / G, 0.131(natural log) value / >99.9

Chr.: chromosome. CEU: Utah residents with Northern and Western European ancestry from the CEPH collection. CHB: Han Chinese in Beijing, China. MAF: minor allele frequency.

The MAFs of CEU and CHB are from HapMap database (

TG: triglycerides; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol.

* We referred to the study reported by Tikkanen E., et al. in children, and used the effects from children to calculate the specific power for our children population. The SNP in high linkage disequilibrium (LD)(r2>0.75) with our selected SNPs was cited. Effect sizes for HDL-C, LDL-C, and total cholesterol are in mmol/L and for TG natural log-transformed mmol/L.

a The tested SNP is rs4846914, which is in a high LD with rs2144300 (r2=0.878).

b The tested SNP is rs3850634, which is in a high LD wi

Online Supplementary Table 5Association of the seven SNPs with TG, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C

alla / boysb / girlsb
lipid trait / SNP / minor allele / effect / p value / effect / p value / effect / p value
TG *(mg/dl) / rs2144300 / T / -0.03 / 9.30×10-3 / -0.03 / 0.18 / -0.04 / 0.03
rs1260333 / C / -0.07 / 6.20×10-11 / -0.06 / 2.27×10-5 / -0.07 / 7.60×10-7
rs1260326 / C / -0.07 / 8.73×10-11 / -0.06 / 7.16×10-5 / -0.07 / 2.48×10-7
rs10105606 / A / -0.03 / 0.010 / -0.03 / 0.10 / -0.04 / 0.02
rs2954029 / A / 0.02 / 0.030 / 0.03 / 0.06 / 0.02 / 0.27
rs1748195 / G / -0.03 / 0.016 / -0.03 / 0.06 / -0.03 / 0.11
rs964184 / G / 0.09 / 2.33×10-13 / 0.10 / 3.09×10-8 / 0.08 / 7.53×10-7
TC (mg/dl) / rs2144300 / T / -0.04 / 0.97 / -1.99 / 0.13 / 2.00 / 0.16
rs1260333 / C / -2.17 / 3.30×10-3 / -2.68 / 0.008 / -1.33 / 0.21
rs1260326 / C / -2.12 / 4.39×10-3 / -2.40 / 0.019 / -1.50 / 0.16
rs10105606 / A / 0.36 / 0.71 / -1.03 / 0.44 / 1.97 / 0.16
rs2954029 / A / 2.58 / 6.36×10-4 / 2.96 / 0.005 / 2.21 / 0.04
rs1748195 / G / -1.24 / 0.15 / -1.67 / 0.16 / -0.84 / 0.50
rs964184 / G / 1.83 / 0.040 / 2.29 / 0.06 / 1.07 / 0.40
HDL-C (mg/dl) / rs2144300 / T / 0.71 / 0.042 / 0.31 / 0.53 / 1.02 / 0.04
rs1260333 / C / 0.34 / 0.20 / 0.08 / 0.83 / 0.75 / 0.04
rs1260326 / C / 0.41 / 0.13 / 0.22 / 0.57 / 0.76 / 0.04
rs10105606 / A / 1.19 / 6.66×10-4 / 0.95 / 0.06 / 1.65 / 5.74×10-4
rs2954029 / A / -0.25 / 0.36 / -0.12 / 0.76 / -0.36 / 0.33
rs1748195 / G / -0.67 / 0.031 / -0.90 / 0.042 / -0.44 / 0.31
rs964184 / G / -0.97 / 2.55×10-3 / -1.26 / 0.006 / -0.88 / 0.05
LDL-C (mg/dl) / rs2144300 / T / -0.37 / 0.67 / -1.53 / 0.20 / 0.91 / 0.49
rs1260333 / C / -1.60 / 0.017 / -2.30 / 0.013 / -0.72 / 0.46
rs1260326 / C / -1.69 / 0.013 / -2.25 / 0.015 / -0.94 / 0.34
rs10105606 / A / -0.58 / 0.51 / -2.03 / 0.10 / 0.91 / 0.48
rs2954029 / A / 2.25 / 1.09×10-3 / 2.53 / 0.008 / 1.96 / 0.05
rs1748195 / G / -0.07 / 0.93 / -0.46 / 0.67 / 0.28 / 0.81
rs964184 / G / 2.25 / 5.51×10-3 / 2.77 / 0.013 / 1.62 / 0.17

Abbreviations: TG: triglycerides; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Effects are measured as additive effects, which correspond to the average change in phenotype when the major allele is replaced by the minor allele.

*TG levels were natural logarithmically transformed for normal distribution.

ap values were calculated with adjustment for age, sex, BMI and pubertystage under the additive model.

bp values were calculated with adjustment for age, BMI and puberty stage under the additive model.

p values <0.05 are shown in bold.

Online Supplementary Table 6 Association of the seven SNPs with TG, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C for obese and non-obese groups.

non-obese ** / Obese **
lipid trait / SNP / minor allele / effect / p value / effect / p value
TG *(mg/dl) / rs2144300 / T / -0.05 / 0.06 / -0.03 / 0.08
rs1260333 / C / -0.08 / 1.16×10-5 / -0.06 / 1.08×10-6
rs1260326 / C / -0.07 / 1.30×10-4 / -0.07 / 1.65×10-7
rs10105606 / A / -0.03 / 0.13 / -0.03 / 0.13
rs2954029 / A / 0.03 / 0.16 / 0.02 / 0.10
rs1748195 / G / -0.04 / 0.05 / -0.02 / 0.15
rs964184 / G / 0.10 / 1.54×10-5 / 0.09 / 1.24×10-8
TC (mg/dl) / rs2144300 / T / -2.08 / 0.19 / 1.02 / 0.41
rs1260333 / C / -2.84 / 0.016 / -1.73 / 0.06
rs1260326 / C / -2.27 / 0.06 / -1.95 / 0.039
rs10105606 / A / -1.72 / 0.25 / 1.67 / 0.19
rs2954029 / A / 3.59 / 0.003 / 2.01 / 0.036
rs1748195 / G / -4.09 / 0.003 / 0.18 / 0.87
rs964184 / G / 3.45 / 0.017 / 0.95 / 0.40
HDL-C (mg/dl) / rs2144300 / T / 0.56 / 0.29 / 0.79 / 0.09
rs1260333 / C / 0.31 / 0.44 / 0.44 / 0.22
rs1260326 / C / 0.37 / 0.35 / 0.52 / 0.15
rs10105606 / A / 0.43 / 0.39 / 1.37 / 0.005
rs2954029 / A / 0.54 / 0.18 / -0.66 / 0.07
rs1748195 / G / -1.29 / 0.005 / -0.39 / 0.35
rs964184 / G / -0.58 / 0.23 / -1.14 / 0.008
LDL-C (mg/dl) / rs2144300 / T / -2.15 / 0.13 / 0.56 / 0.62
rs1260333 / C / -2.12 / 0.045 / -1.30 / 0.13
rs1260326 / C / -1.80 / 0.09 / -1.60 / 0.07
rs10105606 / A / -1.62 / 0.22 / 0.29 / 0.81
rs2954029 / A / 2.30 / 0.033 / 2.18 / 0.014
rs1748195 / G / -2.82 / 0.021 / 1.33 / 0.19
rs964184 / G / 2.67 / 0.038 / 1.95 / 0.06

Abbreviations: TG: triglycerides; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Effects are measured as additive effects, which correspond to the average change in phenotype when the major allele is replaced by the minor allele.

* TG levels were natural logarithmically transformed for normal distribution.

** p values were calculated with adjustment for sex, age and puberty stage under the additive model.

p values <0.05 are shown in bold.

Online Supplementary Table 7 Association of candidate SNPs in dyslipidemia and nondyslipidemia individuals stratified by non-obese and obese.

nondyslipidemia / dyslipidemia
group / SNP / Chr. / gene / minor allele / C/C / C/R / R/R / C/C / C/R / R/R / OR(95%CI) / p value
non-obese / rs2144300 / 1 / GALNT2 / T / 1169 / 510 / 63 / 376 / 134 / 17 / 0.86(0.72-1.04) / 0.12
rs1260333 / 2 / GCKR / C / 533 / 828 / 381 / 179 / 252 / 96 / 0.87(0.76-1.00) / 0.047
rs1260326 / 2 / GCKR / C / 524 / 846 / 372 / 180 / 253 / 94 / 0.85(0.74-0.98) / 0.026
rs10105606 / 8 / LPL / A / 1182 / 513 / 47 / 359 / 154 / 14 / 0.98(0.81-1.18) / 0.83
rs2954029 / 8 / TRIB1 / A / 623 / 816 / 303 / 157 / 282 / 88 / 1.13(0.98-1.30) / 0.10
rs1748195 / 1 / ANGPTL3 / G / 1038 / 606 / 98 / 304 / 188 / 35 / 1.09(0.92-1.28) / 0.32
rs964184 / 11 / APOA5-A4-C3-A1 cluster / G / 1053 / 606 / 83 / 283 / 205 / 39 / 1.28(1.09-1.51) / 0.003
obese / rs2144300 / 1 / GALNT2 / T / 521 / 218 / 23 / 329 / 120 / 14 / 0.88(0.70-1.11) / 0.27
rs1260333 / 2 / GCKR / C / 198 / 384 / 180 / 151 / 224 / 88 / 0.76(0.64-0.90) / 0.002
rs1260326 / 2 / GCKR / C / 203 / 381 / 178 / 143 / 236 / 84 / 0.78(0.66-0.93) / 0.006
rs10105606 / 8 / LPL / A / 510 / 223 / 29 / 317 / 126 / 20 / 0.94(0.76-1.17) / 0.58
rs2954029 / 8 / TRIB1 / A / 284 / 372 / 106 / 181 / 204 / 78 / 1.04(0.87-1.24) / 0.64
rs1748195 / 1 / ANGPTL3 / G / 432 / 289 / 41 / 284 / 144 / 35 / 0.92(0.76-1.13) / 0.43
rs964184 / 11 / APOA5-A4-C3-A1 cluster / G / 513 / 226 / 23 / 268 / 166 / 29 / 1.48(1.20-1.82) / 2.11×10-4

Abbreviations: Chr, chromosome.

C/C, homozygous for major allele; C/R, heterozygous for minor allele; R/R, homozygous for minor allele.

p values with adjusted age, sex, and puberty stage are displayed under the additive model, and p<0.05 are shown in bold.

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