Online Resource 1.Table containing average disease reaction score for all 957 barley accessions used in the association analyses.

Online Resource 2.Histogram illustrating the distribution of phenotypic values for all 957 barley accessions used in association mapping inoculated with P. teres f. teres isolate15A.

Online Resource 3.Histogram illustrating the distribution of phenotypic values for all 957 barley accessions used in association mapping inoculated with P. teres f. teres isolate6.

Online Resource 4.Histogram illustrating the distribution of phenotypic values for all 957 barley accessions used in association mapping inoculated with P. teres f. teres isolateLDN.

Online Resource 5.Table containing allele information of 19 significant SNP markers associated with disease reaction to P. teres f. teres isolates 15A, 6A, and LDN from 52 barley accessions which were highly resistant to all three P. teres f. teres isolates used in this study.

Online Resource 6. Geographic origin, row type, and growth habit of 52 barley accessions found to be highly resistant to P. teres f. teres isolates 15A, 6A, and LDN.

Online Resource 7. A three dimensional representation of the principal components analysis conducted using 957 barley lines genotyped with the barley Illumina9KiSelect chip. PC1 is illustrated on the x-axis, PC2 is listed on the z-axis, and PC3 is represented on the y-axis. Red dots correspond to 2-row accessions, blue dots correspond to 6-row accessions, and grey dots represent individuals with an unknown row-type. The distinct clustering of the barley genotypes into two groups is representative of 2-row and 6-row barley populations.

Online Resource 8.Results of a STRUCTURE analysis conducted using 957 diverse barley lines. Hypothetical subpopulation levels are listed on the x-axis and Delta K values are listed on the y-axis. The largest Delta K value corresponds to a hypothetical sub-population of two, representing 2-row and 6-row barley classes.

Online Resource 9.Graphical representation of a STRUCTURE analysis using 957 barley genotypes. Using genetic positions of the iSelect consensus map (Muñoz‐Amatriaínet al. 2014), a single marker was selected from each locus and used in the analysis, resulting in a total of 1744 SNP markers. The results indicate that the barley lines used in this study are divided into two subpopulations. Subpopulation membership is listed on the y-axis ranging from 0.00-1.00. Red indicates membership to subpopulation one and green to subpopulation two. Individuals with membership to a single subpopulation of less than 0.80 were considered admixture.