OIE RL for «Rabies» – «Dr Richard Franka » – «United States of America»
OIE Reference Laboratory Reports
Activities in 2012
Address of laboratory / OIE Reference Laboratory for Rabies
Poxvirus and Rabies Branch
Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1600 Clifton Road, NE, Mail Stop G33
Atlanta, GA 30 333, USA
Tel.: / 001-404-639-1050
Fax: / 001-404-639-1564
e-mail address: /
website: /
Name (including Title) of Head of Laboratory (Responsible Official): / Damon Inger, MD, PhD
Branch chief, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch
Name(including Title and Position) of OIE Reference Expert: / Richard Franka, DVM, PhD
Acting rabies team lead
Date of submission to the OIE / 01/25/2013
Instructions
This form should be used by an OIE Reference Laboratory to report activities that took place from January through December of the past year (2012), unless otherwise stated, and must be submitted by the end of January every year.
Only those activities that concern the disease (or topic) for which the laboratory is recognised by the OIE should be mentioned. The questionnaire structure follows the Terms of Reference (ToRs) for OIE Reference Laboratories, available at:
EachToR(blueitalicised text)has been placed as a heading covering the group of questions related to it.
Please note the reditalicisedtext is given as guidance and should be deleted from your report and substitute with your data. Examples are based onpast Annual Reports or have been invented.
The questionnaire represents a means of gathering information on activities carried out by OIE Reference Laboratories and making it available to OIE Member Countries and to the OIE Reference Laboratory network.
This annual report will remain available for consultation on the OIE web site:
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ToR:To use, promote and disseminate diagnostic methods validated according to OIE Standards
Test recommended by the OIE / Total number of test performed last yearIndirect diagnostic tests / Nationally / Internationally
Rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT) / 3524 / 1161
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) on MSD / 468 / 0
Direct diagnostic tests / Nationally / Internationally
DFA (FAT)
/ 687 / 849Antigenic typing with Mabs
/ 359 / 70RT-PCR
/ 204 / 36Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
/ 22 / 0Direct rapid immunohistochemistry test (DRIT)
/ 300 / 15Mouse inoculation test (MIT)
/ 52 / 0Cell culture isolation
/ 379 / 10ToR:To develop reference material in accordance with OIE requirements, and implement and promote the application of OIE Standards.
Tostore and distribute to national laboratories biological reference products and any other reagents used in the diagnosis and control of the designated pathogens or disease.
2.Did your laboratory produce or store imported standard reference reagentsofficially recognised by the OIE or other international bodies?
Yes No
3.Did your laboratory supply standard reference reagentsto OIE Member Countries?
Yes No
4.Did your laboratory produce diagnostic reagents other than the OIE-approved standard reference reagents?
Yes No
5.Did your laboratory produce vaccines?
Yes No
6.Did your laboratory supply vaccines to OIE Member Countries?
Yes No
ToR:To develop, standardise and validate, according to OIE Standards, new procedures for diagnosis and control of the designated pathogens or diseases
7.Did your laboratory develop new diagnostic methods validated according to OIE Standards for the designated pathogen or disease?
Yes No
8.Didyour laboratory develop new vaccines according to OIE Standards for the designated pathogen or disease?
Yes No
Name of the new test or diagnostic method or vaccine developed / Description and References (Publication, website, etc.)Direct Rapid Immunohistochemistry test (DRIT) / Lembo T, Niezgoda M, Velasco-Villa A, Cleaveland S, Ernest E, Rupprecht CE. (2006). Evaluation of a direct, rapid immunohistochemical test for rabies diagnosis. Emerg Infect Dis. 12(2):310-3.
Dürr S, Naïssengar S, Mindekem R, Diguimbye C, Niezgoda M, Kuzmin I, Rupprecht CE, Zinsstag J. (2008) Rabies diagnosis for developing countries. PLoSNegl Trop Dis. 2(3):e206.
ToR:To provide diagnostic testing facilities, and, where appropriate, scientific and technical advice on disease control measures to OIE Member Countries
9.Did your laboratory carry out diagnostic testing for other OIE Member Countries?
Yes No
Name of OIE Member Country seeking assistance / Date(dd/mm) / No. samples received for provision of diagnostic support (i.e. from surveillance campaign) / No. samples received for provision of confirmatory diagnoses
DRC / 2012 / 0 / 7
Dominican Republic / 2012 / 0 / 19
Trinidad and Tobago / 2012 / 5 / 35
Thailand / 2012 / 48 / 0
Nigeria / 2012 / 735 / 0
10.Did your laboratory provide expert advice in technical consultancies on the request of an OIE Member Country?
Yes No
Name of the OIE Member Country receiving a technical consultancy / Purpose / How the advice was providedUniversity of Texas, USA / Development of a ferret model for rabies treatment / On site
Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Kazakhstan / Development of the project for the evaluation of the efficacy of rabies oral immunization of wild animals in natural / remote assistance
Guatemala / Assistance with the evaluation of rabies vaccination in cattle, telemetry studies focused on ecology of bats as a reservoir of rabies and their interactions with humans / On site
Haiti / Evaluation of canine vaccination program, development of national recommendations for rabies control and prevention, evaluation of their surveillance system for animal bites, laboratory training / onsite and remote assistance
Uganda / Enhancement of laboratory diagnostic capacity, training in DRIT and DFA / On site
Philippines / Community survey focused on individual’s “willingness to pay” for rabies vaccination and dog registration / On site
Kenya / Enhancement of laboratory diagnostic capacity and surveillance, training in DRIT and DFA / On site
Congo (DRC) / Conducting knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) survey focused on animal bite injuries and their prevention, enhancement of laboratory diagnostic capacity / On site
Canada / Enhancement of laboratory diagnostic capacity, training in DRIT and DFA / Remote assistance
Chad / Enhancement of laboratory diagnostic capacity, training in DRIT and DFA / Remote assistance
Brazil, Bolivia / Provided reagents for monoclonal antigenic typing / Remote assistance
Brazil, France / Provided CVS / Remote assistance
Tanzania, Chad, Kenya, Ethiopia, Uganda, Phillipines, haiti, Trinidad, Canada, / Provided reagents for DRIT / Remote assistance
India / Developed OIE twinning project for 2013-2015 / Remote assistance
ToR:To carry out and/or coordinate scientific and technical studies in collaboration with other laboratories, centres or organisations
11.Did your laboratory participate in international scientific studies in collaboration with OIE Member Countries other than the own?
Yes No
Title of the study / Duration / Purpose of the study / Partners (Institutions) / OIE Member Countries involved other than your countryMonitoring of serological response to rabies vaccination in cattle / 1 year / Evaluate efficacy of rabies vaccine and logistics of their use / Guatemala / Guatemala
Philippines / 2 year / Community survey focused on individual’s “willingness to pay” for rabies vaccination and dog registration / GARC / Philippines
ToR:To collect, process, analyse, publish and disseminate epizootiological data relevant to the designated pathogens or diseases
12.Didyour Laboratory collect epizootiologicaldata relevant to international disease control?
Yes No
13.Didyour laboratory disseminate epizootiologicaldata that had been processed and analysed?
Yes No
14.What method of dissemination of information is most often used by your laboratory?
(Indicate in the appropriate box the number by category)
a)Articles published in peer-reviewed journals:...... 9
b)International conferences:...... 4
c)National conferences:...... 4
d)Other:...... internet
1: Blanton JD, Dyer J, McBrayer J, Rupprecht CE. Rabies surveillance in theUnited States during 2011. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2012 Sep 15;241(6):712-22. doi:10.2460/javma.241.6.712. PubMed PMID: 22947154.
2: Ellison JA, Johnson SR, Kuzmina N, Gilbert A, Carson WC, Vercauteren KC,Rupprecht CE. Multidisciplinary approach to epizootiology and pathogenesis of batrabies viruses in the United States.Zoonoses Public Health. 2013Feb;60(1):46-57. doi: 10.1111/zph.12019. Epub 2012 Nov 9. PubMed PMID: 23137052.
3: Kuzmin IV, Shi M, Orciari LA, Yager PA, Velasco-Villa A, Kuzmina NA, StreickerDG, Bergman DL, Rupprecht CE. Molecular inferences suggest multiple host shiftsof rabies viruses from bats to mesocarnivores in Arizona during 2001-2009. PLoSPathog. 2012;8(6):e1002786. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002786. Epub 2012 Jun 21. PubMed PMID: 22737076; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3380930.
4: Lankau EW, Montgomery JM, Tack DM, Obonyo M, Kadivane S, Blanton JD, Arvelo W,Jentes ES, Cohen NJ, Brunette GW, Marano N, Rupprecht CE. Exposure of UStravelers to rabid zebra, Kenya, 2011.Emerg Infect Dis. 2012 Jul;18(7):1202-4.doi: 10.3201/eid1807.120081. PubMed PMID: 22709948; PubMed Central PMCID:PMC3376810.
5: Streicker DG, Recuenco S, Valderrama W, Gomez Benavides J, Vargas I, PachecoV, CondoriCondori RE, Montgomery J, Rupprecht CE, Rohani P, Altizer S.Ecological and anthropogenic drivers of rabies exposure in vampire bats:implications for transmission and control. ProcBiol Sci. 2012 Sep7;279(1742):3384-92. Epub 2012 Jun 13. PubMed PMID: 22696521; PubMed CentralPMCID: PMC3396893.
6: Streicker DG, Lemey P, Velasco-Villa A, Rupprecht CE. Rates of viral evolutionare linked to host geography in bat rabies. PLoSPathog. 2012;8(5):e1002720. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002720. Epub 2012 May 17. PubMed PMID: 22615575; PubMedCentral PMCID: PMC3355098.
7: Patyk K, Turmelle A, Blanton JD, Rupprecht CE. Trends in national surveillancedata for bat rabies in the United States: 2001-2009. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis.2012 Aug;12(8):666-73. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2011.0839. Epub 2012 May 18. PubMed PMID:22607069.
8: Petersen BW, Tack DM, Longenberger A, Simeone A, Moll ME, Deasy MP, BlantonJD, Rupprecht CE. Rabies in captive deer, Pennsylvania, USA, 2007-2010.EmergInfect Dis. 2012 Jan;18(1):138-41. doi: 10.3201/eid1801.111189. PubMed PMID:22260956; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3310121
9: Recuenco S, Blanton JD, Rupprecht CE. A spatial model to forecast raccoonrabies emergence. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2012 Feb;12(2):126-37. doi:10.1089/vbz.2010.0053. Epub 2011 Oct 13. PubMed PMID: 21995266.
ToR: To provide scientific and technical training for personnel from OIE Member Countries
To recommend the prescribed and alternative tests or vaccines as OIE Standards
15.Did your laboratory provide scientific and technical training to laboratory personnel from other OIE Member Countries?
Yes No
a)Technical visits:......
b)Seminars:...... 3
c)Hands-on training courses:...... 3
d)Internships (>1 month):...... 2
Type of technical training provided (a, b,c or d) / Country of origin of the expert(s) provided with training / No. participants from the corresponding countryb)c) Enhancement of laboratory diagnostic capacity and surveillance, training in DRIT and DFA / Kenya / 1
b)c) Enhancement of laboratory diagnostic capacity and surveillance, training in DRIT and DFA / Haiti / 10
b)c) Enhancement of laboratory diagnostic capacity and surveillance, training in DRIT and DFA / Uganda / 6
d)Development of real-time PCR assay / Mexico / 2
d) laboratory diagnostic / Nigeria / 1
ToR:To maintain a system of quality assurance, biosafety and biosecurity relevant for the pathogen and the disease concerned
16.Does your laboratory have a Quality Management System certified according to an International Standard?
Yes No
Quality management system adoptedISO 15189
17.Is your laboratory accredited by an international accreditation body?
Yes No
Test for which your laboratory is accredited / Accreditation bodyOIE reference laboratory
WHO Collaborative Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies / CLIA
18.Does your laboratory maintain a “biorisk management system” for the pathogen and the disease concerned? (See Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals 2012, Chapter 1.1.3 orManual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals 2012, Chapter 1.1.1)
Yes No
ToR:To organise and participate in scientific meetings on behalf of the OIE
19.Did your laboratory organise scientific meetings on behalf of the OIE?
Yes No
20.Did your laboratory participate in scientific meetings on behalf of the OIE?
Yes No
Title of event / Date(mm/yy) / Location / Role (speaker, presenting poster, short communications) / Title of the work presented
Rabies International Meeting / October 2012 / San Paulo, Brazil / Speaker / Control strategiesfor rabies prevention
ToR:To establish and maintain a network with other OIE Reference Laboratories designated for the same pathogen or disease and organise regular inter-laboratory proficiency testing to ensure comparability of results
21.Did your laboratory exchange information with other OIE Reference Laboratories designated for the same pathogen or disease?
Yes No
22.Was your laboratory involved in maintaining a network with OIE Reference Laboratories designated for the same pathogen or disease by organising or participating in proficiency tests?
Yes No
Purpose of the proficiency tests: (validation of a diagnostic protocol: specify the test; quality control of vaccines: specify the vaccine type, etc.) / Role of your Reference Laboratory (organiser/participant) / No. participants / Participating OIE Ref. Labs/ organising OIE Ref. Lab.RFFIT / participant / 1 / OIE reference laboratory for rabies, France
23.Did your laboratory collaborate with other OIE Reference Laboratories for the same disease on scientific research projects for the diagnosis or control of the pathogen of interest?
Yes No
Title of the project or contact / Scope / Name(s) of relevant OIE Reference LaboratoriesValidation and standardization of DRIT / Development of a new technique up to OIE standards / All OIE ref labs for rabies
ToR:To organise inter-laboratory proficiency testing with laboratories other than OIE Reference Laboratories for the same pathogens and diseases to ensure equivalence of results.
24.Did your laboratory organiseor participate in inter-laboratory proficiency tests with laboratories other than OIE Reference Laboratories for the same disease?
Yes No
Purpose for inter-laboratory test comparisons[1] / No. participating laboratories / Participating OIE Member CountriesDFA proficiency / 100 / USA
DRIT / 20 / USA
ToR:To place expert consultants at the disposal of the OIE
25.Did your laboratory place expert consultants at the disposal of the OIE?
Yes No
Kind of consultancy / Location / Subject (facultative )Provision of comments on OIE Standards / USA / Comments to Chapter on rabies
______
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories, 20121
[1]See Interlaboratory test comparisons in: Laboratory Proficiency Testing at:
see point 1.3