Chapter 15 and 16
Study Guide
Of course you should study your terms, questions, worksheets, notes, and quizzes. Expect a few questions on your Khan videos and the Birds and Worms lab.
James Hutton thought that rocks from the sea floor could be pushed up very high to form ______.
The geologist ______proposed that past changes in Earth must be explained in terms of events and processes observable today.
According to Lamarck, evolution resulted from the inheritance of ______traits.
According to Lamarck’s theory of the inheritance of ______, the long legs of certain shore birds could be acquired by frequent wading in water and then passed on to offspring.
Although his idea was incorrect, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck was one of the first people to propose a scientific explanation for ______.
When a population’s birthrate exceeds its death rate, the size of the population ______.
Charles Darwin concluded that, in similar environments around the world, ______could produce similar structures in unrelated species.
Charles Darwin realized that the measure of success for an organism was not only a long period of survival but also ______.
Crossing-over can occur during the meiotic divisions that produce cells called ______.
Most inherited differences in the appearances of two brothers are due to the ______that occurred during the production of gametes in their parents.
According to the ______principle, allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless one or more of five specific factors cause those frequencies to change.
When a population is NOT evolving, it is in a situation called ______.
For new species to evolve, populations must be ______isolated from each other.
If two populations have been reproductively isolated and can no longer breed and produce fertile offspring, the process of ______has occurred.
In the Galápagos finches that Rosemary and Peter Grant studied, a pattern of natural selection called ______selection favored individuals with larger, heavier beaks during a drought.
In what way did the voyage of the Beagle provide Charles Darwin with an ideal opportunity for collecting and analyzing data?
What did Charles Darwin discover about the Galápagos birds that he thought were different kinds of wrens, warblers, and blackbirds?
Were Darwin’s hypotheses about natural selection and evolution similar to the ideas of most other scientists of his time? Explain.
Figure 15–1
What did Charles Darwin conclude about the existence of a common ancestor for all life?
Are the members of a population necessarily the same species? Explain.
Is an allele for a trait that has no effect on a species’ fitness affected by natural selection? Explain.
List the five conditions necessary to maintain genetic equilibrium in a population.
Which population, one of nearly identical organisms or one of phenotypically varied organisms, would be more likely to remain in genetic equilibrium?
Why might a geographic barrier such as a large river cause the formation of a new species of small rodents but not a new species of birds?
What are three mechanisms for reproductive isolation? Which mechanism isolates two populations of similar frogs with different mating calls?