Are cells of organisms the same size? Do your cells get bigger as you grow, or do you just produce more cells?

ANSWER______,

•In most cases, living things grow by producing more cells!

•Adult animal cells are no larger than young animal cells…adults just have ______cells!

Limits to Cell Growth

•The ______a cell becomes the ______ the cell places
on its ______

•2 Main Reason’s Cell’s Divide:

  1. ______ larger cell = wait time for certain parts of the cell to get the information it needs to get any job done!
  2. ______ larger cell = difficulty in exchanging good materials (ex: food, water, & oxygen) with waste materials, both inside and outside of the cell

CELL SIZE …______ is ______!

  • The ability of your cells to exchange nutrients and waste depends on the surface area & volume of your cells
  • Surface area = length X width X number of sides
  • Volume = length X width X height
  • The ______in a ______also depends on the surface area of a cell and the volume of that cell. Think of this as a ratio.

Surface Area

Volume

In other words, the surface area-to-volume ratio is the reason why cells divide…The ______the cell,

the ______it takes for things to get inside / leave the cell!

The Cell Cycle

In order for the cell to divide… it must go through a 3 part cycle. The Cell Cycle has 3 Main Sections:

  1. ______( ~22hrs)
  2. ______/ Cell Division ( ~1.5 hrs)
  3. ______(~30 minutes)

INTERPHASE = the cell’s prep time for ______ includes ______
______; ______& centriole ______; nuclear membrane visibility, etc.

There are 3 parts to Interphase:

  1. ____________
  2. ____________
  3. ______ more prep time for mitosis/ cell division

MITOSIS = often called cell division; process where ______cell divides into ______cells. There are 4
Phases  ______/ ______/ ______/ ______

CYTOKINESIS = the final ______of the

______.

So how does it work?

*DNA is tightly coiled into structures called chromosomes.

*Chromosomes = ______(or Y) -shaped ______
composed of ______; only visible during cell division (i.e. mitosis or meiosis).

*Humans have ______chromosomes (______pairs). The chromosomes consist of ______“sister”

______. The “sister” chromatids are ______at an area called the ______.

TWO MAJOR TYPES OF CELL DIVISION

  1. ______ Somatic Cells (Body Cells); ______
  1. ______Gametes (Sex Cells); ______

MITOSIS

  • In mitosis, a ______/ body cell
    is called ______.
  • Diploid cells are represented by
    ______. The
    ______represents the number of
    ______, and the
    ______represents the number of
    ______per
    parent (______chromosomes per parent).
  • The 2 ______cells are
    genetically ______to the
    ______cell.

MEIOSIS

•Cell Division of ______(sex cells), which results in the production of
______and
______.

•These cells are ______, cells that contain ______
______(i.e. only 23 chromosomes); it
is represented by ______.

•In this type of cell division ______new cellsare created, each being ______
______.

•Meiosis is divided into 2 stages 

•______

•______

SO WHAT CONTROLS CELL DIVISION???

•In the early 1980s scientists discovered a group of ______
______.
These proteins were called ______.

•2 Other Regulators:

•______ monitor events that occur inside the cell (ex: makes sure all DNA replicated before entering into mitosis).

•______ monitor events that occur outside the cell (ex: Growth factors that control the speed of the cell cycle ESPECIALLY during embryonic growth)

UNCONTROLLED GROWTH

•Cancer – ______
______.

–Cancer cells ______respond to the signals that regulate the growth of most cells (a.k.a cyclins & regulator proteins).

–Many cancerous cells ______in
the ______…the gene that stops the cell cycle.

–Result in large masses of cells = ______

–Tumors damage the surrounding tissue of the body

To help you study, fill in the flow chart below with the correct steps of the cell cycle…